秸秆颗粒还田对黑土土壤酶活性及细菌群落的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同玉米秸秆颗粒还田量对黑土生物学特性及细菌群落的影响,在内蒙古兴安盟扎赉特旗农业科技示范园试验地设置秸秆0%还田,还田量0 kg/hm~2(CK)、秸秆60%还田,还田量4500 kg/hm~2(JG1)、秸秆70%还田,5250 kg/hm~2(JG2)、秸秆80%还田,6000 kg/hm~2(JG3)、秸秆90%还田,6750 kg/hm~2(JG4)和秸秆100%还田,7500 kg/hm~2(JG5)6个处理,通过连续2年大田试验,研究土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性、微生物生物量碳氮以及细菌群落的变化。结果表明:秸秆还田能够增加土壤蔗糖酶(3.29%—32.12%),脲酶(5.32%—52.66%),过氧化氢酶(0.60%—27.11%),碱性磷酸酶的活性(10.89%—64.20%),土壤微生物生物量碳(1.32%—7.07%)、氮(16.35%—80.46%)含量;秸秆施入土壤也提高了黑土变形菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度,提高了土壤固氮、分解养分及抵御病害能力,并降低了放线菌门相对丰度,降低了土壤病害发生概率,还出现了具有固氮、吸磷、改良土壤特性的新细菌,可见玉米秸秆还田具有重要的生态学意义,可在一定程度上增加细菌数量和种类多样性,进而使土壤系统向稳定健康的方向发展。综合研究结果在本试验条件下,以6750 kg/hm~2为较适宜的玉米秸秆颗粒还田量。
To investigate the effects of returning granulated corn stover on biological properties and bacterial communities of black soils, a 2-year field experiment was conducted in Jalaid Banner, Inner Mongolia in 2016 and 2017. Amount of corn stover incorporated in soil were 0 kg/hm~2(CK, 0%), 4500 kg/hm~(2 )(JG1), 5250 kg/hm~(2 )(JG2), 6000 kg/hm~2(JG3), 6750 kg/hm~2(JG4), and 7500 kg/hm~2(JG5, 100%). The changes in soil sucrase, urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase enzyme, microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen, as well as the bacterial community were studied. Results showed that, returning corn stover to the field increased the activity of soil sucrase(by 3.29%—32.12%), urease(by 5.32%—52.66%), catalase(by 0.60%—27.11%), alkaline phosphatase enzyme(by 10.89%—64.20%), microbial biomass carbon(by 1.32%—7.07%), and nitrogen(by 16.35%—80.46%). The returning of corn stover increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in black soil, which can enhance the ability of soil nitrogen fixation and disease resistance and reduce the probability of soil disease through decreased relative abundance of Actinomycetes. New bacteria with the capability for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus uptake, and soil improvements also increased. In conclusion, returning of corn stover to soil has important ecological impacts on the agroecosystem, which can enhance the abundance and generic diversity of soil nematodes, creating a stable and healthy soil ecosystem. According to our study, 6750 kg/hm~2 or 90% returning rate is suitable for granulated stover returning.
To investigate the effects of returning granulated corn stover on biological properties and bacterial communities of black soils, a 2-year field experiment was conducted in Jalaid Banner, Inner Mongolia in 2016 and 2017. Amount of corn stover incorporated in soil were 0 kg/hm~2(CK, 0%), 4500 kg/hm~(2 )(JG1), 5250 kg/hm~(2 )(JG2), 6000 kg/hm~2(JG3), 6750 kg/hm~2(JG4), and 7500 kg/hm~2(JG5, 100%). The changes in soil sucrase, urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase enzyme, microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen, as well as the bacterial community were studied. Results showed that, returning corn stover to the field increased the activity of soil sucrase(by 3.29%—32.12%), urease(by 5.32%—52.66%), catalase(by 0.60%—27.11%), alkaline phosphatase enzyme(by 10.89%—64.20%), microbial biomass carbon(by 1.32%—7.07%), and nitrogen(by 16.35%—80.46%). The returning of corn stover increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in black soil, which can enhance the ability of soil nitrogen fixation and disease resistance and reduce the probability of soil disease through decreased relative abundance of Actinomycetes. New bacteria with the capability for nitrogen fixation, phosphorus uptake, and soil improvements also increased. In conclusion, returning of corn stover to soil has important ecological impacts on the agroecosystem, which can enhance the abundance and generic diversity of soil nematodes, creating a stable and healthy soil ecosystem. According to our study, 6750 kg/hm~2 or 90% returning rate is suitable for granulated stover returning.
引文
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[12] 单鹤翔.长期秸秆与化肥配施条件下土壤微生物群落多样性研究.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
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[16] 李少昆,王克如,冯聚凯,谢瑞芝,高世菊.玉米秸秆还田与不同耕作方式下影响小麦出苗的因素.作物学报,2006,32(3):463- 465.
[17] 韩宾,李增嘉,王芸,宁堂原,郑延海,史忠强.土壤耕作及秸秆还田对冬小麦生长状况及产量的影响.农业工程学报,2007,23(2):48- 53.
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[19] 林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[20] 吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,肖和艾.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京:气象出版社,2006.
[21] 方伟.屎肠球菌SF68对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道形态和微生物区系的影响.扬州:扬州大学,2017.
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[24] 马永良,师宏奎,张书奎,吕润海.玉米秸秆整株全量还田土壤理化性状的变化及其对后茬小麦生长的影响.中国农业大学学报,2003,8(S1):42- 46.
[25] 徐蒋来,胡乃娟,张政文,朱利群.连续秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田土壤养分及碳库的影响.土壤,2016,48(1):71- 75.
[26] 杨敏芳.不同耕作措施与秸秆还田对稻麦两熟制农田土壤养分、微生物及碳库的影响.南京:南京农业大学,2013.
[27] 高圣超,关大伟,马鸣超,张伟,李俊,沈德龙.大豆连作条件下施肥对东北黑土细菌群落的影响.中国农业科学,2017,50(7):1271- 1281.
[28] Teixeira H,Rodríguez-Echeverría S.Identification of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from three African leguminous trees in Gorongosa National Park.Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2016,39(5):350- 358.
[29] 余坤,冯浩,王增丽,丁奠元.氨化秸秆还田改善土壤结构增加冬小麦产量.农业工程学报,2014,30(15):165- 173.
[30] 窦森.玉米秸秆“富集深还”与土壤亚表层培肥.植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1670- 1675.
[31] 孙瑞波,郭熙盛,王道中,褚海燕.长期施用化肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响.微生物学通报,2015,42(10):2049- 2057.
[32] 王伏伟,王晓波,李金才,叶爱华,王妍,车威,朱林.施肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1302- 1311.
[33] Ai C,Liang G Q,Sun J W,Wang X B,Zhou W.Responses of extracellular enzyme activities and microbial community in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil to long-term fertilization practices in a fluvo-aquic soil.Geoderma,2012,173- 174:330- 338.
[34] Kamika I,Coetzee M,Mamba B B,Msagati T,Momba M N B.The impact of microbial ecology and chemical profile on the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process:a case study of northern wastewater treatment works,Johannesburg.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2014,11(3):2876- 2898.
[35] McMahon K D,Jenkins D,Keasling J D.Polyphosphate kinase genes from activated sludge carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal.Water Environment Federation,2001:20- 33.
[36] 马小珍,费保进,金楠,赵锐,兰贵红,陈涛,乔代蓉.脱硫弧菌SRB7对重金属铬Cr(VI)的还原特性.微生物学通报,2009,36(9):1324- 1328.
[37] 唐霁旭,王志伟,马金星,杨洋,吴志超.454高通量焦磷酸测序法鉴定膜生物反应器膜污染优势菌种.微生物学通报,2014,41(2):391- 398.
[2] Li Y Y,Pang H C,Han X F,Yan S W,Zhao Y G,Wang J,Zhai Z,Zhang J L.Buried straw layer and plastic mulching increase microflora diversity in salinized soil.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(7):1602- 1611.
[3] 荣勤雷,梁国庆,周卫,刘东海,王秀斌,孙静文,李双来,胡诚.不同有机肥对黄泥田土壤培肥效果及土壤酶活性的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1168- 1177.
[4] 纳小凡,郑国旗,邢正操,马金平,李占辉,卢俊辉,马飞.连作对再植枸杞根际细菌群落多样性和群落结构的影响.土壤学报,2017,54(5):1280- 1292.
[5] 韩新忠,朱利群,杨敏芳,俞琦,卞新民.不同小麦秸秆还田量对水稻生长、土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响.农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2192- 2199.
[6] 刘骁蒨,涂仕华,孙锡发,辜运富,张先琴,张小平.秸秆还田与施肥对稻田土壤微生物生物量及固氮菌群落结构的影响.生态学报,2013,33(17):5210- 5218.
[7] 路文涛,贾志宽,张鹏,王维,侯贤清,杨保平,李永平.秸秆还田对宁南旱作农田土壤活性有机碳及酶活性的影响.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):522- 528.
[8] Tejada M,Hernandez M T,Garcia C.Soil restoration using composted plant residues:Effects on soil properties.Soil and Tillage Research,2009,102(1):109- 117.
[9] Li C F,Yue L X,Kou Z K,Zhang Z S,Wang J P,Cao C G.Short-term effects of conservation management practices on soil labile organic carbon fractions under a rape-rice rotation in central China.Soil and Tillage Research,2012,119:31- 37.
[10] 吕艳杰,于海燕,姚凡云,曹玉军,魏雯雯,王立春,王永军.秸秆还田与施氮对黑土区春玉米田产量、温室气体排放及土壤酶活性的影响.中国生态农业学报,2016,24(11):1456- 1463.
[11] 王晓波,车威,纪荣婷,何传龙,朱安宁,王伏伟,朱林.秸秆还田和保护性耕作对砂姜黑土有机质和氮素养分的影响.土壤,2015,47(3):483- 489.
[12] 单鹤翔.长期秸秆与化肥配施条件下土壤微生物群落多样性研究.北京:中国农业科学院,2012.
[13] 范富,张庆国,邰继承,侯迷红,孙德智,王闪闪,张佳楠.玉米秸秆夹层改善盐碱地土壤生物性状.农业工程学报,2015,31(8):133- 139.
[14] 李成芳,寇志奎,张枝盛,曹凑贵,吴海亚,梅金安,翟中兵,张丛德,魏坦雄,刘诗晴,夏起昕.秸秆还田对免耕稻田温室气体排放及土壤有机碳固定的影响.农业环境科学学报,2011,30(11):2362- 2367.
[15] Jacinthe P A,Lal R,Kimble J M.Carbon budget and seasonal carbon dioxide emission from a central Ohio Luvisol as influenced by wheat residue amendment.Soil and Tillage Research,2002,67(2):147- 157.
[16] 李少昆,王克如,冯聚凯,谢瑞芝,高世菊.玉米秸秆还田与不同耕作方式下影响小麦出苗的因素.作物学报,2006,32(3):463- 465.
[17] 韩宾,李增嘉,王芸,宁堂原,郑延海,史忠强.土壤耕作及秸秆还田对冬小麦生长状况及产量的影响.农业工程学报,2007,23(2):48- 53.
[18] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法.北京:农业出版社,1986.
[19] 林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法.北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[20] 吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,肖和艾.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用.北京:气象出版社,2006.
[21] 方伟.屎肠球菌SF68对断奶仔猪生产性能、肠道形态和微生物区系的影响.扬州:扬州大学,2017.
[22] Ter Braak C J F.Canonical correspondence analysis:A new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis.Ecology,1986,67(5):1167- 1179.
[23] 刘兰清,杨晨璐,王维钰,孔德杰,Akhtar K,任广鑫,冯永忠,杨改河.免耕条件下秸秆还田与施肥对小麦-玉米轮作系统土壤养分和酶活性的影响.华北农学报,2017,32(6):213- 221.
[24] 马永良,师宏奎,张书奎,吕润海.玉米秸秆整株全量还田土壤理化性状的变化及其对后茬小麦生长的影响.中国农业大学学报,2003,8(S1):42- 46.
[25] 徐蒋来,胡乃娟,张政文,朱利群.连续秸秆还田对稻麦轮作农田土壤养分及碳库的影响.土壤,2016,48(1):71- 75.
[26] 杨敏芳.不同耕作措施与秸秆还田对稻麦两熟制农田土壤养分、微生物及碳库的影响.南京:南京农业大学,2013.
[27] 高圣超,关大伟,马鸣超,张伟,李俊,沈德龙.大豆连作条件下施肥对东北黑土细菌群落的影响.中国农业科学,2017,50(7):1271- 1281.
[28] Teixeira H,Rodríguez-Echeverría S.Identification of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria from three African leguminous trees in Gorongosa National Park.Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2016,39(5):350- 358.
[29] 余坤,冯浩,王增丽,丁奠元.氨化秸秆还田改善土壤结构增加冬小麦产量.农业工程学报,2014,30(15):165- 173.
[30] 窦森.玉米秸秆“富集深还”与土壤亚表层培肥.植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1670- 1675.
[31] 孙瑞波,郭熙盛,王道中,褚海燕.长期施用化肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响.微生物学通报,2015,42(10):2049- 2057.
[32] 王伏伟,王晓波,李金才,叶爱华,王妍,车威,朱林.施肥及秸秆还田对砂姜黑土细菌群落的影响.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1302- 1311.
[33] Ai C,Liang G Q,Sun J W,Wang X B,Zhou W.Responses of extracellular enzyme activities and microbial community in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil to long-term fertilization practices in a fluvo-aquic soil.Geoderma,2012,173- 174:330- 338.
[34] Kamika I,Coetzee M,Mamba B B,Msagati T,Momba M N B.The impact of microbial ecology and chemical profile on the enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process:a case study of northern wastewater treatment works,Johannesburg.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2014,11(3):2876- 2898.
[35] McMahon K D,Jenkins D,Keasling J D.Polyphosphate kinase genes from activated sludge carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal.Water Environment Federation,2001:20- 33.
[36] 马小珍,费保进,金楠,赵锐,兰贵红,陈涛,乔代蓉.脱硫弧菌SRB7对重金属铬Cr(VI)的还原特性.微生物学通报,2009,36(9):1324- 1328.
[37] 唐霁旭,王志伟,马金星,杨洋,吴志超.454高通量焦磷酸测序法鉴定膜生物反应器膜污染优势菌种.微生物学通报,2014,41(2):391- 398.