基于土地利用和DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据的河南省人口空间化研究
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摘要
人口空间化研究是地理研究的关键问题,随着3S技术的发展及数据可视化需求的不断提高,如何获取高精度的人口空间分布数据成为研究热点。本文以人口基数大及人口增长迅速的河南省为研究对象,以2010年的土地利用数据、DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光数据、人口普查数据等为数据源,基于统计人口密度数据,将研究区划分为3部分。结合逐步回归分析理论,建立人口空间化模型,并在县级、乡镇级下对人口空间化结果进行精度评价,生成1 km×1 km人口密度格网图。结果表明:(1)对河南省第六次全国人口普查数据进行分区空间化,由精度验证结果可知模型效果较好;(2)在平均人口密度较高的县市,误差相对较小,说明该模型在人口稠密区空间化精度较高;(3)河南省人口空间化分布总体上呈从四周到城市中心递增的特点,人口分布圈层结构明显,主要向城市中心聚集,呈现由"圈"到"点"的聚集特征。
Population spatialization research is a key issue in geography research. With the development of 3 S technology and the increasing demand for data visualization,how to obtain high-precision population spatial distribution data has become a research hotspot. Taking Henan province as the research object,which has a large population base and rapid population growth,we took land use data of 2010,DMSP/OLS stable nighttime lighting data of 2010,and the sixth national census data as data sources. Based on the statistical population density,the whole study area was divided into three parts. Combined with the theory of stepwise regression analysis,we established the population spatialization model,and evaluated the population spatialization results at the county and township levels,and thus generated a 1 km×1 km population density grid map. The results are as follows.(1) The spatialization of Henan province based on the sixth national census data was carried out,and the results of the accuracy verification showed that the model was effective.(2) In counties and cities with high average population density,the error was relatively small,indicating that the model had high spatial precision in densely population areas.(3) The spatial distribution of population in Henan province was generally characterized by an increasing population from the surrounding areas to the urban centers. The population distribution circle structure was obvious,and it mainly gathered to the urban centers,showing the aggregation characteristics from "circle"to "point".
Population spatialization research is a key issue in geography research. With the development of 3 S technology and the increasing demand for data visualization,how to obtain high-precision population spatial distribution data has become a research hotspot. Taking Henan province as the research object,which has a large population base and rapid population growth,we took land use data of 2010,DMSP/OLS stable nighttime lighting data of 2010,and the sixth national census data as data sources. Based on the statistical population density,the whole study area was divided into three parts. Combined with the theory of stepwise regression analysis,we established the population spatialization model,and evaluated the population spatialization results at the county and township levels,and thus generated a 1 km×1 km population density grid map. The results are as follows.(1) The spatialization of Henan province based on the sixth national census data was carried out,and the results of the accuracy verification showed that the model was effective.(2) In counties and cities with high average population density,the error was relatively small,indicating that the model had high spatial precision in densely population areas.(3) The spatial distribution of population in Henan province was generally characterized by an increasing population from the surrounding areas to the urban centers. The population distribution circle structure was obvious,and it mainly gathered to the urban centers,showing the aggregation characteristics from "circle"to "point".
引文
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[18]王珂靖,蔡红艳,杨小唤,等.基于城镇居民用地再分类的人口数据空间化方法研究———以长江中游4省为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(5):987-995.
[19]崔彩辉,韩志刚,苗长虹,等.河南省人口分布与乡镇可达性空间耦合特征[J].人文地理,2017(5):98-104.
[20]张海霞,牛叔文,齐敬辉,等.基于乡镇尺度的河南省人口分布的地统计学分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):325-336.
[21]黄向球,苗长虹,麻永建,等.河南省流动人口的空间格局及其对人口分布的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(4):142-147.
[22]胡云锋,赵冠华,张千力.基于夜间灯光与LUCC数据的川渝地区人口空间化研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(1):68-78.
[2]闫庆武,卞正富.基于GIS的社会统计数据空间化处理方法[J].云南地理环境研究,2007,19(2):92-97.
[3]冯健,周一星.近20年来北京都市区人口增长与分布[J].地理学报,2003,58(6):903-916.
[4]闫庆武,卞正富,张萍,等.基于居民点密度的人口密度空间化[J].地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(5):95-98.
[5]梁亚婷.基于遥感和GIS的城市人口时空分布研究———以上海市静安区为例[D].上海:上海师范大学,2015.
[6]裴惠娟,周中红,孙艳萍,等.甘肃省人口空间分布特征分析[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,52(5):95-100.
[7]曹伟超,陶和平,谭理,等.基于多源空间数据的山区人口分布模拟[J].国土资源遥感,2012,24(2):61-67.
[8]柏中强,王卷乐,姜浩,等.基于多源信息的人口分布格网化方法研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2015,17(6):653-660.
[9]卓莉,黄信锐,陶海燕,等.基于多智能体模型与建筑物信息的高空间分辨率人口分布模拟[J].地理研究,2014,33(3):520-531.
[10]董南,杨小唤,蔡红艳.人口数据空间化研究进展[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(10):1295-1304.
[11] ELVIDGE C,CINZANO P,PETTIT D,et al. The nightsat mission concept[J]. Int J Rem Sen,2007,28(12):2645-2670.
[12]黄杰,闫庆武,刘永伟.基于DMSP/OLS与土地利用的江苏省人口数据空间化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(5):735-741
[13]李翔,陈振杰,吴洁璇,等.基于夜间灯光数据和空间回归模型的城市常住人口格网化方法研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(10):1298-1305.
[14]肖国峰,朱秀芳,蔡毅,等.基于多源数据的河南省GDP空间化[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(2):232-238.
[15]梁友嘉,徐中民.基于夜间灯光辐射数据的张掖市甘州区GDP空间分布建模[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):249-254.
[16]王利伟,冯长春.转型期京津冀城市群空间扩展格局及其动力机制———基于夜间灯光数据方法[J].地理学报,2016,71(12):2155-2169.
[17]苏泳娴,陈修治,叶玉瑶,等.基于夜间灯光数据的中国能源消费碳排放特征及机理[J].地理学报,2013,68(11):1513-1526.
[18]王珂靖,蔡红艳,杨小唤,等.基于城镇居民用地再分类的人口数据空间化方法研究———以长江中游4省为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(5):987-995.
[19]崔彩辉,韩志刚,苗长虹,等.河南省人口分布与乡镇可达性空间耦合特征[J].人文地理,2017(5):98-104.
[20]张海霞,牛叔文,齐敬辉,等.基于乡镇尺度的河南省人口分布的地统计学分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(2):325-336.
[21]黄向球,苗长虹,麻永建,等.河南省流动人口的空间格局及其对人口分布的影响[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(4):142-147.
[22]胡云锋,赵冠华,张千力.基于夜间灯光与LUCC数据的川渝地区人口空间化研究[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(1):68-78.