载人航天器组合体CO_2分压控制策略分析
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摘要
随着载人航天技术的发展,载人航天器由单舱段构型逐渐发展成为多舱段组合体构型,其中一个或若干个舱段在舱间通风的支持下对组合体密封舱内空气环境进行集中控制。利用多学科建模工具Ecosimpro建立了载人航天器组合体CO_2分压控制计算模型,对载人航天器组合体组建过程中,各舱CO_2分压水平进行了分析。当舱段数达到3个以上,将会出现非主控舱CO_2分压超标现象。针对CO_2分压超标现象,提出了3种控制策略:提高全部舱间通风量、更改CO_2控制系统位置、提高部分舱间通风量+更改CO_2控制系统位置,并对3种控制策略的效果进行了仿真分析。结果表明,更改CO_2控制系统位置并提高部分舱间通风量是最有效的载人航天器组合体CO_2分压控制策略。
As manned space technology develops,manned spacecrafts are developed from single cabin to combination of several cabins in orbit.The air environment of manned spacecraft combination is usually controlled by one or several cabins with support of inter-cabin ventilation.In this paper,a calculating model of CO_2 partial pressure control system of manned spacecraft combination has been developed with the interdisciplinary tool of Ecosimpro.Using this simulation model,CO_2 partial pressure of every cabin has been analyzed during the assembling process.According to the results,when the number of cabins is up to three,CO_2 partial pressure of cabins without CO_2 control system is beyond the upper limit.Three control strategies are proposed to optimize CO_2 partial pressure,among which the first one is increasing inter-cabin ventilation flux,the second one is varying location of CO_2 partial pressure control system,and the third one is the collection of the two forementioned ones.Simulation has been carried out for the three strategies,which testifies the third strategies is the most effective one.
As manned space technology develops,manned spacecrafts are developed from single cabin to combination of several cabins in orbit.The air environment of manned spacecraft combination is usually controlled by one or several cabins with support of inter-cabin ventilation.In this paper,a calculating model of CO_2 partial pressure control system of manned spacecraft combination has been developed with the interdisciplinary tool of Ecosimpro.Using this simulation model,CO_2 partial pressure of every cabin has been analyzed during the assembling process.According to the results,when the number of cabins is up to three,CO_2 partial pressure of cabins without CO_2 control system is beyond the upper limit.Three control strategies are proposed to optimize CO_2 partial pressure,among which the first one is increasing inter-cabin ventilation flux,the second one is varying location of CO_2 partial pressure control system,and the third one is the collection of the two forementioned ones.Simulation has been carried out for the three strategies,which testifies the third strategies is the most effective one.
引文
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[14]靳健,侯永青,杨雷.载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成分析[J].航天器环境工程,2013,30(4):380-387.JIN J,HOU Y Q,YANG L.Integrated analysis of characteristics of the air environment control system of manned spacecraft[J].Space Environment Engineering,2013,30(4):380-387.
[15]靳健,侯永青.多舱段载人航天器CO2去除系统性能仿真分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2014,40(10):1349-1354.JIN J,HOU Y Q.Analysis on characteristics of CO2removal system of multi-cabin human spacecraft[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014,40(10):1349-1354.
[16]RAMON P V,SERGIO M,OLIVIER P,et al.Overview of european applications of ecosimpro to ECLSS,CELSS,and ATCS[C]∥Proc.of the International Conference on Environmental Systems,2003.
[17]ROMERA P J A,PERSSON J,WITT J.Mode transition analyses of the attached pressurized module cabin air loop with Ecosimpro[C]∥Proc.of the International Conference on Environmental Systems,2000.
[18]OLIVIER P.Using Ecosimpro for thermal and thermo-hydraulic analysis in ESA[C]∥Proc.of the International Conference on Environmental Systems,2001.
[2]林贵平,王普秀.载人航天生命保障技术[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:84-102.LIN G P,WANG P X.Life support technology of manned spacecraft[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2006:84-102.
[3]戚发轫.载人航天器技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999:55-72.QI F R.Manned spacecraft technolty[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1999:55-72.
[4]范剑峰,黄祖蔚.载人飞船工程概论[M].国防工业出版社,2000:52-70.FAN J F,HUANG Z W.Introduction of manned spaceship industry[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2000:52-70.
[5]MASSIMO A,GIOSUE B,GIANLUIGI G,et al.The design and the verification of the ATV cargo carrier environmental control and life support system and water&gas delivery system[C]∥Proc.of the International Conference on Environmental Systems,2000.
[6]GRANT A,MARTIN C E.Evaluation and application of apollo ECLS/ATCS systems to future manned missions[C]∥Proc.of the 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit,2005.
[7]MITCHELL K L,BAGDIGIAN R M,CARRASQUILLO R L.Technical assessment of MIR-1life support hardware for the international space station[R].USA:NASA TM-108441,1994.
[8]WIELAND P O.Living together in space:the design and operation of the life support systems on the international space station[R].USA:NASA/TM-98-206956/VOL1,1998.
[9]付仕明,裴一飞,郄殿福.国际空间站集成ECLSS/TCS试验综述[J].航天器环境工程,2010,27(4):447-451.FU S M,PEI Y F,QIE D F.Review of integrated ECLSS/TCS tests for ISS[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2010,27(4):447-451.
[10]付仕明,徐小平,李劲东,等.空间站乘员睡眠区二氧化碳聚集现象[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2007,33(5):523-526.FU S M,XU X P,LI J D,et al.Carbon dioxide accumulation of space station crew quarters[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007,33(5):523-526.
[11]姬朝月,梁新刚,任建勋.空间站乘员舱内二氧化碳排放的数值研究[C]∥第五届空间热物理会议,2000:147-150.JI C Y,LIANG X G,REN J X.Simulation study on CO2exhaust of crew in space station pressurized cabin[C]∥Proc.of the 5th space Thermo-physics Conference,2000:147-150.
[12]LIN C H,CHANG H S.CFD Simulation on the airflow and CO2transport in the U.S.Lab:international space station flight 5Aconfiguration[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2001,475(1):172-184.
[13]LIN C H,SON C H,HORSTMAN R H.CFD studies on the ECLSS airflow and CO2accumulation of the international space station[C]∥Proc.of the 30th International Conference on Environmental Systems,2000.
[14]靳健,侯永青,杨雷.载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成分析[J].航天器环境工程,2013,30(4):380-387.JIN J,HOU Y Q,YANG L.Integrated analysis of characteristics of the air environment control system of manned spacecraft[J].Space Environment Engineering,2013,30(4):380-387.
[15]靳健,侯永青.多舱段载人航天器CO2去除系统性能仿真分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2014,40(10):1349-1354.JIN J,HOU Y Q.Analysis on characteristics of CO2removal system of multi-cabin human spacecraft[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2014,40(10):1349-1354.
[16]RAMON P V,SERGIO M,OLIVIER P,et al.Overview of european applications of ecosimpro to ECLSS,CELSS,and ATCS[C]∥Proc.of the International Conference on Environmental Systems,2003.
[17]ROMERA P J A,PERSSON J,WITT J.Mode transition analyses of the attached pressurized module cabin air loop with Ecosimpro[C]∥Proc.of the International Conference on Environmental Systems,2000.
[18]OLIVIER P.Using Ecosimpro for thermal and thermo-hydraulic analysis in ESA[C]∥Proc.of the International Conference on Environmental Systems,2001.