载人航天器地面试验验证体系研究
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摘要
在载人航天器的研制过程中,地面试验验证是保证产品在实际应用环境中正常运行、满足任务要求的主要手段之一。文章在对载人航天器试验技术与方法调研的基础上,系统总结了载人航天器试验覆盖性分析和验证的成功经验,提出了载人航天器系统级试验规划设计方法,找出了系统试验验证技术的薄弱环节。结合载人航天后续任务的特点,从试验管理、试验覆盖性分析、仿真与试验的协调、新型试验技术、试验基础设施等5个方面提出了载人航天器试验技术发展方向和需重点解决的问题,可为后续载人航天器的研制和试验技术发展提供支持。
The ground system test for the manned spacecraft is one of the most efficient ways to guarantee the normal operation of the product and to satisfy the mission requirements. In this paper, based on the review of the successful experiences of the ground system test of the manned spacecraft, a system test program methodology is outlined, pinpointing on some aspects to be updated in the test program and technology. Several suggestions are made on the manned spacecraft test including the test management, the test coverage analysis, the combination of the simulation and the test, as well as the advanced test technologies and test facilities, to promote the further development and test of China's manned spacecraft under the context of future human spaceflight missions.
The ground system test for the manned spacecraft is one of the most efficient ways to guarantee the normal operation of the product and to satisfy the mission requirements. In this paper, based on the review of the successful experiences of the ground system test of the manned spacecraft, a system test program methodology is outlined, pinpointing on some aspects to be updated in the test program and technology. Several suggestions are made on the manned spacecraft test including the test management, the test coverage analysis, the combination of the simulation and the test, as well as the advanced test technologies and test facilities, to promote the further development and test of China's manned spacecraft under the context of future human spaceflight missions.
引文
[1]黄本诚,马有礼.航天器空间环境试验技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002:60-98
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[5]刘志全,夏祥东,宫颖.航天器开关类机构可靠性验证试验方法[J].航天器工程,2011,20(6):126-129LIU Z Q,XIA X D,GONG Y.Reliability verification test methods of switch mechanisms for spacecrafts[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2011,20(6):126-129
[6]魏传锋,姚峰.载人航天器系统级热试验技术现状与展望[J].航天器环境工程,2013,30(6):591-595WEI C F,YAO F.Progresses and prospect of manned spacecraft system-level thermal test technique[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2013,30(6):591-595
[7]卢威,黄家荣,范宇峰,等.载人航天器密封舱流动和传热数值模型及其地面验证[J].宇航学报,2011,32(5):959-965LU W,HUANG J R,FAN Y F,et al.Numerical model of flow and heat transfer for manned spacecraft pressurized cabin and its ground verification[J].Journal of Astronautics,2011,32(5):959-965
[8]雷剑宇,霍佳婧,楚丽妍.载人航天器关键电子产品综合环境应力试验[J].装备环境工程,2012,9(5):6-8LEI J Y,HUO J J,CHU L Y.Combined environmental test of key electronic equipments of manned spacecraft[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2012,9(5):6-8
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[10]KAPPUS K O,DRISKILL T C,PARKS R A.Modal testing of seven shuttle cargo elements for space station:NASA-20020049427[R].2002
[11]苏新明,王晶,李西园,等.载人航天器乘员舱空气龄分布数值仿真及试验研究[J].航天器工程,2014,23(2):80-86SU X M,WANG J,LI X Y,et al.Numerical simulation and test study on air age distribution for manned spacecraft crew cabin[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2014,23(2):80-86
[12]苏新明,王晶,郄殿福,等.密封舱常压热试验环境模拟技术[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(4):388-393SU X M,WANG J,QIE D F,et al.Environmental simulation technology for ambient pressure thermal test of sealed cabin[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(4):388-393
[13]伊佳,魏传锋,张兰涛,等.载人航天器密封舱微生物防控技术体系框架研究概述[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(3):293-297YI J,WEI C F,ZHANG L T,et al.Layout of the technical system for on-orbit microbe control and protection in manned spacecraft sealed cabin[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(3):293-297
[14]武耀,冯咬齐,冯国松,等.空间站吸声降噪设计的仿真评估与验证[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(4):330-335WU Y,FENG Y Q,FENG G S,et al.Simulations for evaluation and verification of acoustic design of space station module[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(4):330-335
[15]冯国松,杨江,武耀,等.空间站舱内噪声仿真、验证与声源布局优化[J].航天器环境工程,2017,34(5):471-477FENG G S,YANG J,WU Y,et al.Simulation and validation of interior noise and optimization of sound source layout for space station module[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2017,34(5):471-477
[16]李喆,柏林厚,李兴乾,等.一种基于非线性回归的载人航天器密封舱内在轨噪声分析方法[J].航天器环境工程,2017,34(1):63-69LI Z,BAI L H,LI X Q,et al.An analysis method of onorbit noise in manned spacecraft pressurized cabin based on non-linear regression[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2017,34(1):63-69
[17]KIMBLE R A,DAVILA P S,DIAZ C E,et al.The integration and test program of the James Webb Space Telescope[J].Proc of SPIE,2012,8442:84422K-1
[18]BIER P Y,LUPIET O L,HERSHEY J H.The line-ofsight jitter of the Hubble Space Telescope[J].Proc of SPIE,1993,1945:55-61
[19]杨金禄,孙永进,赵振昊,等.航天器在轨微振动测量单元设计及地面标定技术[J].航天器环境工程,2016,33(6):680-685YANG J L,SUN Y J,ZHAO Z H,et al.Design of on-orbit micro-vibration measurement unit and ground calibration method[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2016,33(6):680-685
[2]李兴乾,白明生,魏传锋,等.载人航天器初样试验总体规划[J].航天器环境工程,2011,28(6):578-582LI X Q,BAI M S,WEI C F,et al.General layout for manned spacecraft prototype test[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2011,28(6):578-582
[3]靳健,侯永青,杨雷.载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成分析[J].航天器环境工程,2013,30(4):380-387JIN J,HOU Y Q,YANG L.Integrated analysis of characteristics of the air environment control system of manned spacecraft[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2013,30(4):380-387
[4]魏传锋,张伟,曹剑峰,等.载人航天器密封舱噪声控制与试验[J].航天器环境工程,2013,30(1):91-93WEI C F,ZHANG W,CAO J F,et al.Noise control and verification for manned spacecraft pressurized cabin[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2013,30(1):91-93
[5]刘志全,夏祥东,宫颖.航天器开关类机构可靠性验证试验方法[J].航天器工程,2011,20(6):126-129LIU Z Q,XIA X D,GONG Y.Reliability verification test methods of switch mechanisms for spacecrafts[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2011,20(6):126-129
[6]魏传锋,姚峰.载人航天器系统级热试验技术现状与展望[J].航天器环境工程,2013,30(6):591-595WEI C F,YAO F.Progresses and prospect of manned spacecraft system-level thermal test technique[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2013,30(6):591-595
[7]卢威,黄家荣,范宇峰,等.载人航天器密封舱流动和传热数值模型及其地面验证[J].宇航学报,2011,32(5):959-965LU W,HUANG J R,FAN Y F,et al.Numerical model of flow and heat transfer for manned spacecraft pressurized cabin and its ground verification[J].Journal of Astronautics,2011,32(5):959-965
[8]雷剑宇,霍佳婧,楚丽妍.载人航天器关键电子产品综合环境应力试验[J].装备环境工程,2012,9(5):6-8LEI J Y,HUO J J,CHU L Y.Combined environmental test of key electronic equipments of manned spacecraft[J].Equipment Environmental Engineering,2012,9(5):6-8
[9]BOOKOUT P S,RODRIGUEZ P I,TINSON I,et al.MPLM on-orbit interface dynamic flexibility modal test:NASA-20010020953[R].Washington DC:NASA,2001
[10]KAPPUS K O,DRISKILL T C,PARKS R A.Modal testing of seven shuttle cargo elements for space station:NASA-20020049427[R].2002
[11]苏新明,王晶,李西园,等.载人航天器乘员舱空气龄分布数值仿真及试验研究[J].航天器工程,2014,23(2):80-86SU X M,WANG J,LI X Y,et al.Numerical simulation and test study on air age distribution for manned spacecraft crew cabin[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2014,23(2):80-86
[12]苏新明,王晶,郄殿福,等.密封舱常压热试验环境模拟技术[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(4):388-393SU X M,WANG J,QIE D F,et al.Environmental simulation technology for ambient pressure thermal test of sealed cabin[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(4):388-393
[13]伊佳,魏传锋,张兰涛,等.载人航天器密封舱微生物防控技术体系框架研究概述[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(3):293-297YI J,WEI C F,ZHANG L T,et al.Layout of the technical system for on-orbit microbe control and protection in manned spacecraft sealed cabin[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(3):293-297
[14]武耀,冯咬齐,冯国松,等.空间站吸声降噪设计的仿真评估与验证[J].航天器环境工程,2018,35(4):330-335WU Y,FENG Y Q,FENG G S,et al.Simulations for evaluation and verification of acoustic design of space station module[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2018,35(4):330-335
[15]冯国松,杨江,武耀,等.空间站舱内噪声仿真、验证与声源布局优化[J].航天器环境工程,2017,34(5):471-477FENG G S,YANG J,WU Y,et al.Simulation and validation of interior noise and optimization of sound source layout for space station module[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2017,34(5):471-477
[16]李喆,柏林厚,李兴乾,等.一种基于非线性回归的载人航天器密封舱内在轨噪声分析方法[J].航天器环境工程,2017,34(1):63-69LI Z,BAI L H,LI X Q,et al.An analysis method of onorbit noise in manned spacecraft pressurized cabin based on non-linear regression[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2017,34(1):63-69
[17]KIMBLE R A,DAVILA P S,DIAZ C E,et al.The integration and test program of the James Webb Space Telescope[J].Proc of SPIE,2012,8442:84422K-1
[18]BIER P Y,LUPIET O L,HERSHEY J H.The line-ofsight jitter of the Hubble Space Telescope[J].Proc of SPIE,1993,1945:55-61
[19]杨金禄,孙永进,赵振昊,等.航天器在轨微振动测量单元设计及地面标定技术[J].航天器环境工程,2016,33(6):680-685YANG J L,SUN Y J,ZHAO Z H,et al.Design of on-orbit micro-vibration measurement unit and ground calibration method[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2016,33(6):680-685