长江中下游菜子湖湿地不同生境昆虫群落多样性
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摘要
为研究菜子湖湿地不同生境中的昆虫群落多样性,并探讨昆虫对湿地过度围垦的响应,于2013年5—8月对菜子湖湿地的农田区、滩涂-草丛、草丛-灌木区的3种不同生境条件下的昆虫群落多样性进行了调查。共采集到昆虫7251只,隶属于8目89科207属235种。其中,双翅目、半翅目、直翅目为菜子湖湿地的优势类群,其个体数量分别占总个体数的27.61%、25.54%和15.96%。在3种生境中,昆虫种类丰富度在农田区生境中最高,其次是滩涂-草丛生境,在草丛-灌木区生境中最低;Shannon多样性指数和ACE估计值在3种生境之间的比较结果表明,滩涂-草丛与农田区差异显著,与草丛-灌木区无显著差异,农田区与草丛-灌木区差异显著。3种不同生境中昆虫群落的相似性指数平均值为0.25±0.02,表明植被类型和围垦显著影响昆虫群落多样性。
To understand the response of insects to excessive reclamation of natural wetlands,species richness and distribution of insect fauna were investigated in the Caizihu Wetland Nature Reserve,a changing subtropical wetland landscape in southern Anhui,east China by light trap and hand collection periodically from May to August of 2013. Species were recorded from the two traditional land-use types( cropland and intertidal-grass area),and from the recently established grass-shrub zone. A total of 7251 insect individuals belonging to 235 species,207 genera,89families and 8 orders were recorded. The dominant orders were Diptera,Hemiptera,and Orthoptera,accounting for 27. 61%,25. 54% and 15. 96% of total individuals,respectively. Species richness was the highest in the cropland,the lowest in the grass-shrub,and the intertidal-grass area showed an intermediate value. The diversity comparison among the three habitats based on Shannon index and ACE estimate value showed that there were no significant differences between grass-shrub and intertidal-grass area,and both of their richness indices were significantly lower than that of the cropland habitat( P < 0. 05). The mean value of similarity indexes of the three habitats was 0. 25 ± 0. 02,showing both vegetation type and excessive reclamation had great impacts on the insect community diversity.
To understand the response of insects to excessive reclamation of natural wetlands,species richness and distribution of insect fauna were investigated in the Caizihu Wetland Nature Reserve,a changing subtropical wetland landscape in southern Anhui,east China by light trap and hand collection periodically from May to August of 2013. Species were recorded from the two traditional land-use types( cropland and intertidal-grass area),and from the recently established grass-shrub zone. A total of 7251 insect individuals belonging to 235 species,207 genera,89families and 8 orders were recorded. The dominant orders were Diptera,Hemiptera,and Orthoptera,accounting for 27. 61%,25. 54% and 15. 96% of total individuals,respectively. Species richness was the highest in the cropland,the lowest in the grass-shrub,and the intertidal-grass area showed an intermediate value. The diversity comparison among the three habitats based on Shannon index and ACE estimate value showed that there were no significant differences between grass-shrub and intertidal-grass area,and both of their richness indices were significantly lower than that of the cropland habitat( P < 0. 05). The mean value of similarity indexes of the three habitats was 0. 25 ± 0. 02,showing both vegetation type and excessive reclamation had great impacts on the insect community diversity.
引文
暴晓,吕宪国,张帆.2009.三江平原环形湿地昆虫种类多样性与季节动态.东北林业大学学报,37(5):100-105.
陈宜瑜.1995.中国湿地研究.长春:吉林科学技术出版社.
程晓,刘汉成,杜海峰,等.2009.甘肃黄河首曲湿地省级自然保护区肉鞭虫物种多样性研究.西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,45(6):92-98.
高慧,彭筱葳,李博.2006.互花米草入侵九段沙河口湿地对当地昆虫多样性的影响.生物多样性,14(5):400-409.
高宝嘉,张执中,李镇宇.1992.封山育林对昆虫群落结构及多样性稳定性影响的研究.生态学报,12(1):1-7.
顾伟,马玲,丁新华,等.2011.扎龙湿地不同生境的昆虫多样性.应用生态学报,22(9):2405-2412.
郝树广,张孝羲,程遐年,等.1998.稻田节肢动物群落营养层及优势功能集团的组成与及多样性动态.昆虫学报,41(4):343-353.
何俊华,陈学新,马云.1996.中国经济昆虫志(第51册):膜翅目姬蜂科.北京:科学出版社.
蒋际宝,赵梅君,胡佳耀,等.2010.盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区不同生境的昆虫群落研究.上海师范大学学报:自然科学版,39(2):181-188.
李巧,陈又清,徐正会.2009.蚂蚁群落研究方法.生态学杂志,28(9):1862-1870.
刘萍,仲雨霞,付必谦,等.2008.北京野鸭湖湿地膜翅目群落多样性及生态分布.首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,29(2):38-44.
马玲,顾伟,王利东,等.2012.扎龙湿地的昆虫群落生态位.林业科学,48(5):82-87.
马克平,刘玉明.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法.Ⅰ.α多样性的测度方法(下).生物多样性,2(4):231-239.
彭筱葳,高慧,董慧琴,等.2006.九段沙湿地国家自然保护区不同生境中昼行性昆虫群落研究.复旦学报:自然科学版,6(45):784-790.
宋文军,马玲,王慧,等.2007.扎龙自然保护区湖泊边昆虫群落多样性.东北林业大学学报,35(7):80-81.
谭炳林,李伟强.1997.松林节肢动物群落结构相似性分析.应用生态学报,8(4):387-390.
王建芳,王新谱.2010.宁夏水洞沟湿地昆虫群落多样性分析与评价.昆虫知识,47(5):962-967.
王新谱,杨锋,杨贵军.2008.黄河湿地银川段昆虫群落组成及其多样性研究.四川动物,27(5):827-828.
王遵明.1994.中国经济昆虫志(第45册):双翅目虻科(二).北京:科学出版社.
吴燕如,周勤.1996.中国经济昆虫志(第52册:膜翅目泥蜂科).北京:科学出版社.
萧采瑜,等.1977.中国蝽类昆虫鉴定手册(第1册:半翅目异翅亚目).北京:科学出版社.
萧采瑜,任树芝,郑乐怡,等.1981.中国蝽类昆虫鉴定手册(第2册:半翅目异翅亚目).北京:科学出版社.
徐正会.2002.西双版纳自然保护区蚁科昆虫生物多样性研究.昆明:云南科技出版社.
杨惟义.1962.中国经济昆虫志(第2册):半翅目蝽科.北京:科学出版社.
尤平,李后魂,王淑霞,等.2003.天津七里海湿地蛾类多样性.昆虫学报,46(5):617-621.
张荣祖.1999.中国动物地理区划.北京:科学出版社.
章士美,等.1985.中国经济昆虫志(第31册):半翅目(一).北京:科学出版社.
章士美.1984.昆虫的分布区系.江西农业大学学报,18(1):11-20.
赵健铭,梁恩义,史永善,等.2001.中国动物志(昆虫纲第23卷):双翅目寄蝇科(一).北京:科学出版社.
郑乐怡,归鸿.1999.昆虫分类.南京:南京师范大学出版社.
郑哲民,夏凯龄.1998.中国动物志(昆虫纲第10卷):直翅目蝗总科(斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科).北京:科学出版社.
朱弘复,方承莱,王林瑶.1963.中国经济昆虫志(第7册):鳞翅目夜蛾科(三).北京:科学出版社,
朱弘复,王林瑶.1980.中国经济昆虫志(第22册):鳞翅目天蛾科.北京:科学出版社,
朱弘复,王林瑶.1996.中国动物志(昆虫纲第5卷):鳞翅目(蚕蛾科、大蚕蛾科、网蛾科).北京:科学出版社.
朱文中,周立志.2010.安庆沿江湖泊湿地生物多样性及其保护与管理.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社.
皮洛(卢泽愚译).1978.数学生态学引论.北京:科学出版社.
Anthomy MR,Donald S.2001.Seasonal distribution of thedeafhopper Carneocephala floridana(Homoptera:Cicadellidae)in north Florida salt marshes.Annals of the Entomological Society of America,6:871-876.
Batzer DP,Wissinger SA.1996.Ecology of insect communitiesin nontidal wetlands.Annual Review of Entomology,41:75-100.
Brazner JC,Danz NP,Trebitz AS,et al.2007.Responsivenessof Great Lakes Wetland indicators to human disturbances atmultiple spatial scales:A multi-assemblage assessment.Journal of Great Lakes Research,33:42-66.
Brose U.2003.Bottom-up control of carabid beetle communitiesin early successional wetlands:Mediated by vegetationstructure or plant diversity?Oecologia,135:407-413.
Chen Y,Li Q,Wang S,et al.2011.A comparison of pitfalltraps with different liquids for studying ground-dwelling ants(Hymenoptera:Formicidae).Myrmecological News,14:13-19.
Davis LV,Gray IE.1966.Zonal and seasonal distribution of Insects in North Carolina salt marshes.Ecological Monographs,36:275-295.
Giberson DJ,Bilyj B,Burgess N.2001.Species diversity andemergence patterns of Nematocerous flies(Insecta:Diptera)from three coastal salt marshes in Prince Edward Island,Canada.Estuaries,24:862-874.
Hynes HBN.1970.The ecology of stream insects.Annual Review of Entomology,15:25-42.
Kati V,Mani P,Von Helversen O,et al.2006.Human land usethreatens endemic wetland species:The case of Chorthippuslacustris(La Greca and Messina 1975)(Orthoptera:Acrididae)in Epirus,Greece.Journal of Insect Conservation,10:65-74.
Lasalle MW,Bishop TD.1987.Seasonal abundance of aquaticDiptera in two oligohaline tidal marshes in Mississippi.Estuaries,10:303-315.
Lathrop RG,Cole MB,Showalter RD.2000.Quantifying thehabitat structure and spatial pattern of New Jersey(U.S.A.)salt marshes under different management regimes.Wetlands Ecology and Management,8:163-172.
Longino JT.2000.What to do with the data//Agosti D,MajerJD,Alonso LE,eds.Ants:Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity.Washington DC:Smithsonian Institution Press:186-203.
Mensing DM,Galatowitsch SM,Tester JR.1998.Anthropogenic effects on the biodiversity of riparian wetlands of a northern temperate landscape.Journal of Environmental Management,53:349-377.
Mitsch WJ,Gosselink JM.1986.Wetlands.New York:VanNostrand Reinhold Company.
Montagna M,Lozzia CG,Giorgi A,et al.2012.Insect community structure and insect biodiversity conservation in an alpine wetland subjected to an intermediate diversified management regime.Ecological Engineering,47:242-246.
Talley TS,Levin LA.1999.Macrofaunal succession and community structure in Salicornia marshes of Southern California.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,49:713-731.
Ugland KI,Gray JS,Elingsen KE.2003.The species accumulation curve and estimation of species richness.Journal ofAnimal Ecology,72:888-897.
Zapparoli M.1997.Urban development and insect biodiversityof the Rome area,Italy.Landscape and Urban Planning,38:77-86.
陈宜瑜.1995.中国湿地研究.长春:吉林科学技术出版社.
程晓,刘汉成,杜海峰,等.2009.甘肃黄河首曲湿地省级自然保护区肉鞭虫物种多样性研究.西北师范大学学报:自然科学版,45(6):92-98.
高慧,彭筱葳,李博.2006.互花米草入侵九段沙河口湿地对当地昆虫多样性的影响.生物多样性,14(5):400-409.
高宝嘉,张执中,李镇宇.1992.封山育林对昆虫群落结构及多样性稳定性影响的研究.生态学报,12(1):1-7.
顾伟,马玲,丁新华,等.2011.扎龙湿地不同生境的昆虫多样性.应用生态学报,22(9):2405-2412.
郝树广,张孝羲,程遐年,等.1998.稻田节肢动物群落营养层及优势功能集团的组成与及多样性动态.昆虫学报,41(4):343-353.
何俊华,陈学新,马云.1996.中国经济昆虫志(第51册):膜翅目姬蜂科.北京:科学出版社.
蒋际宝,赵梅君,胡佳耀,等.2010.盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区不同生境的昆虫群落研究.上海师范大学学报:自然科学版,39(2):181-188.
李巧,陈又清,徐正会.2009.蚂蚁群落研究方法.生态学杂志,28(9):1862-1870.
刘萍,仲雨霞,付必谦,等.2008.北京野鸭湖湿地膜翅目群落多样性及生态分布.首都师范大学学报:自然科学版,29(2):38-44.
马玲,顾伟,王利东,等.2012.扎龙湿地的昆虫群落生态位.林业科学,48(5):82-87.
马克平,刘玉明.1994.生物群落多样性的测度方法.Ⅰ.α多样性的测度方法(下).生物多样性,2(4):231-239.
彭筱葳,高慧,董慧琴,等.2006.九段沙湿地国家自然保护区不同生境中昼行性昆虫群落研究.复旦学报:自然科学版,6(45):784-790.
宋文军,马玲,王慧,等.2007.扎龙自然保护区湖泊边昆虫群落多样性.东北林业大学学报,35(7):80-81.
谭炳林,李伟强.1997.松林节肢动物群落结构相似性分析.应用生态学报,8(4):387-390.
王建芳,王新谱.2010.宁夏水洞沟湿地昆虫群落多样性分析与评价.昆虫知识,47(5):962-967.
王新谱,杨锋,杨贵军.2008.黄河湿地银川段昆虫群落组成及其多样性研究.四川动物,27(5):827-828.
王遵明.1994.中国经济昆虫志(第45册):双翅目虻科(二).北京:科学出版社.
吴燕如,周勤.1996.中国经济昆虫志(第52册:膜翅目泥蜂科).北京:科学出版社.
萧采瑜,等.1977.中国蝽类昆虫鉴定手册(第1册:半翅目异翅亚目).北京:科学出版社.
萧采瑜,任树芝,郑乐怡,等.1981.中国蝽类昆虫鉴定手册(第2册:半翅目异翅亚目).北京:科学出版社.
徐正会.2002.西双版纳自然保护区蚁科昆虫生物多样性研究.昆明:云南科技出版社.
杨惟义.1962.中国经济昆虫志(第2册):半翅目蝽科.北京:科学出版社.
尤平,李后魂,王淑霞,等.2003.天津七里海湿地蛾类多样性.昆虫学报,46(5):617-621.
张荣祖.1999.中国动物地理区划.北京:科学出版社.
章士美,等.1985.中国经济昆虫志(第31册):半翅目(一).北京:科学出版社.
章士美.1984.昆虫的分布区系.江西农业大学学报,18(1):11-20.
赵健铭,梁恩义,史永善,等.2001.中国动物志(昆虫纲第23卷):双翅目寄蝇科(一).北京:科学出版社.
郑乐怡,归鸿.1999.昆虫分类.南京:南京师范大学出版社.
郑哲民,夏凯龄.1998.中国动物志(昆虫纲第10卷):直翅目蝗总科(斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科).北京:科学出版社.
朱弘复,方承莱,王林瑶.1963.中国经济昆虫志(第7册):鳞翅目夜蛾科(三).北京:科学出版社,
朱弘复,王林瑶.1980.中国经济昆虫志(第22册):鳞翅目天蛾科.北京:科学出版社,
朱弘复,王林瑶.1996.中国动物志(昆虫纲第5卷):鳞翅目(蚕蛾科、大蚕蛾科、网蛾科).北京:科学出版社.
朱文中,周立志.2010.安庆沿江湖泊湿地生物多样性及其保护与管理.合肥:合肥工业大学出版社.
皮洛(卢泽愚译).1978.数学生态学引论.北京:科学出版社.
Anthomy MR,Donald S.2001.Seasonal distribution of thedeafhopper Carneocephala floridana(Homoptera:Cicadellidae)in north Florida salt marshes.Annals of the Entomological Society of America,6:871-876.
Batzer DP,Wissinger SA.1996.Ecology of insect communitiesin nontidal wetlands.Annual Review of Entomology,41:75-100.
Brazner JC,Danz NP,Trebitz AS,et al.2007.Responsivenessof Great Lakes Wetland indicators to human disturbances atmultiple spatial scales:A multi-assemblage assessment.Journal of Great Lakes Research,33:42-66.
Brose U.2003.Bottom-up control of carabid beetle communitiesin early successional wetlands:Mediated by vegetationstructure or plant diversity?Oecologia,135:407-413.
Chen Y,Li Q,Wang S,et al.2011.A comparison of pitfalltraps with different liquids for studying ground-dwelling ants(Hymenoptera:Formicidae).Myrmecological News,14:13-19.
Davis LV,Gray IE.1966.Zonal and seasonal distribution of Insects in North Carolina salt marshes.Ecological Monographs,36:275-295.
Giberson DJ,Bilyj B,Burgess N.2001.Species diversity andemergence patterns of Nematocerous flies(Insecta:Diptera)from three coastal salt marshes in Prince Edward Island,Canada.Estuaries,24:862-874.
Hynes HBN.1970.The ecology of stream insects.Annual Review of Entomology,15:25-42.
Kati V,Mani P,Von Helversen O,et al.2006.Human land usethreatens endemic wetland species:The case of Chorthippuslacustris(La Greca and Messina 1975)(Orthoptera:Acrididae)in Epirus,Greece.Journal of Insect Conservation,10:65-74.
Lasalle MW,Bishop TD.1987.Seasonal abundance of aquaticDiptera in two oligohaline tidal marshes in Mississippi.Estuaries,10:303-315.
Lathrop RG,Cole MB,Showalter RD.2000.Quantifying thehabitat structure and spatial pattern of New Jersey(U.S.A.)salt marshes under different management regimes.Wetlands Ecology and Management,8:163-172.
Longino JT.2000.What to do with the data//Agosti D,MajerJD,Alonso LE,eds.Ants:Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity.Washington DC:Smithsonian Institution Press:186-203.
Mensing DM,Galatowitsch SM,Tester JR.1998.Anthropogenic effects on the biodiversity of riparian wetlands of a northern temperate landscape.Journal of Environmental Management,53:349-377.
Mitsch WJ,Gosselink JM.1986.Wetlands.New York:VanNostrand Reinhold Company.
Montagna M,Lozzia CG,Giorgi A,et al.2012.Insect community structure and insect biodiversity conservation in an alpine wetland subjected to an intermediate diversified management regime.Ecological Engineering,47:242-246.
Talley TS,Levin LA.1999.Macrofaunal succession and community structure in Salicornia marshes of Southern California.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,49:713-731.
Ugland KI,Gray JS,Elingsen KE.2003.The species accumulation curve and estimation of species richness.Journal ofAnimal Ecology,72:888-897.
Zapparoli M.1997.Urban development and insect biodiversityof the Rome area,Italy.Landscape and Urban Planning,38:77-86.