基于离散元法的沥青混合料细观特性分析
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摘要
为了从细观上模拟分析沥青混合料车辙的形成和发展机理,以双层车辙试件为研究对象,采用PFC2D,建立上层为SMA-13,下层为AC-20,包含粗集料、沥青砂浆和空隙的二维离散元模型,研究了试件内部接触力的分布与大小、集料的空间运动轨迹对车辙形成的影响;分析了不同工况下车辙试件内部接触力大小分布和空间运动轨迹,结果表明:SMA-13主要承受压应力作用,拉应力主要分布在AC-20面层,且更容易导致试件发生破坏,加载2h时,AC-20拉应力较1h时增大3~4个数量级;SMA-13级配骨架性好,在荷载作用下主要发生水平运动,AC-20级配骨架性较弱,集料、砂浆易发生垂直运动,导致车辙形成.
To analyze the formation and development mechanism of asphalt mixture rutting from the mesoscopic level,taking double-layer rutting specimens as research object,the PFC2 D was used to build a two-dimension model with the upper layer of SMA-13 and the lower layer of AC-20,including void,asphalt mortar and coarse aggregate,to study the effect of the distribution and size of the internal contact force on the rutting formation.The distribution of contact force and spatial motion trajectory in the internal rutting specimens under different working conditions were analyzed.The results shows that SMA-13 is mainly subjected to compressive stress,and the tensile stress is mainly distributed in the AC-20 surface layer,which more easily lead to the destruction of the specimen.When loading for 2 h,the tensile stress of AC-20 increases three to four orders of magnitude more than that for 1 h.The SMA-13 grade skeleton has good performance,and the main motion under the load is horizontal.While the AC-20 grade skeleton has bad performance,the aggregates and mortar tend to have vertical movement and lead to the occurrence of rutting.
To analyze the formation and development mechanism of asphalt mixture rutting from the mesoscopic level,taking double-layer rutting specimens as research object,the PFC2 D was used to build a two-dimension model with the upper layer of SMA-13 and the lower layer of AC-20,including void,asphalt mortar and coarse aggregate,to study the effect of the distribution and size of the internal contact force on the rutting formation.The distribution of contact force and spatial motion trajectory in the internal rutting specimens under different working conditions were analyzed.The results shows that SMA-13 is mainly subjected to compressive stress,and the tensile stress is mainly distributed in the AC-20 surface layer,which more easily lead to the destruction of the specimen.When loading for 2 h,the tensile stress of AC-20 increases three to four orders of magnitude more than that for 1 h.The SMA-13 grade skeleton has good performance,and the main motion under the load is horizontal.While the AC-20 grade skeleton has bad performance,the aggregates and mortar tend to have vertical movement and lead to the occurrence of rutting.
引文
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[17]BUTTLAR W G,YOU Z P.Discrete element modeling of asphalt concrete:Microfabric approach[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2001,1757(1):111-118.
[18]YOU Z P,BUTTLAR W G.Discrete element modeling to predict the modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2004,16(2):140-146.
[19]张德育,黄晓明,高英.沥青混合料三维离散元虚拟单轴蠕变试验[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(7):15-20.ZHANG Deyu,HUANG Xiaoming,GAO Ying.Three-dimension virtual uniaxial creep test of asphalt mixture by using discrete element method[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2012,42(7):15-20.
[2]YOU Z,BUTTLAR W G.Discrete element modeling to modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2004,16(2):140-146.
[3]周国庆,周杰,陆勇,等.颗粒流程序(PFC2D)中阻尼参数的适用性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(5):667-672.ZHOU Guoqing,ZHOU Jie,LU Yong,et al.Selection of damping parameters used in a particle flow code(PFC2D)[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2011,40(5):667-672.
[4]CHONG Z,LI X,HOU P,et al.Moment tensor analysis of transversely isotropic shale based on the discrete element method[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,27(3):507-516.
[5]ABBAS A,MASAD E,PAPAGIANNAKIS T,et al.Micro-mechanical modeling of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures using the discrete-element method[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2007,7(2):131-139.
[6]LIU Y,DAI Q,YOU Z.Viscoelastic model for discrete element simulation of asphalt mixtures[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2009,135(4):324-333.
[7]侯曙光.基于动态蠕变试验的沥青混合料黏弹性分析[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(1):33-36.HOU Shuguang.Viscoelastic analysis of asphalt mixture based on dynamic creep test[J].Journal of Nanjing Tech University(Natural Science Edition),2010,32(1):33-36.
[8]李立寒,苏洲,陈建军.沥青混合料室内车辙试验隆起系数的研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(12):42-45.LI Lihan,SU Zhou,CHEN Jianjun.Research on uplift coefficient of asphalt mix by loaded wheel tracker[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(12):42-45.
[9]何立,凌天清.高模量结构层对沥青路面疲劳性能的影响[J].西部交通科技,2016(3):6-11.HE Li,LING Tianqing.Impact of high-modulus structure layer on fatigue performance of asphalt pavement[J].Western China Communications Science&Technology,2016(3):6-11.
[10]乔英娟,王哲人,陈静云,等.沥青结构层芯样分层变形的数字图像测量方法[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(10):11-15.QIAO Yingjuan,WANG Zheren,CHEN Jingyun,et al.Digital image processing technique for measurement of coursed deformation of asphalt pavement core samples[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(10):11-15.
[11]交通运输部公路科学研究院.公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程:JTG E40—2010[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2011:265-268.Highway Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications.Standard test methods of bitumen and bituminous mixtures for highway engineering:JTG E40—2010[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2011:265-268.
[12]交通部公路科学研究院.公路沥青路面施工技术规范:JTG F40—2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004:25-31.Highway Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications.Technical specification for construction of highway asphalt pavements:JTG F40—2004[S].Beijing:China Communication Press,2004:25-31.
[13]窦晖.基于表面能理论的温拌沥青混合料水稳定性研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2012:25-35.DOU Hui.Research on water stability of warm mix asphalt based on the theory of surface energy[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2012:25-35.
[14]范亮平.集料均匀性对沥青混合料力学性能影响的离散元模拟[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014:30-45.FAN Liangping.Simulation of influence of aggregate homogeneity on mechanical properties in asphalt mixtures based on discrete element method[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014:30-45.
[15]杨圣奇,倪红梅.泥岩黏弹性剪切蠕变模型及参数辨识[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(4):551-557.YANG Shengqi,NI Hongmei.A viscoelastic shear creep model of mudstone:Parameter identification[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2012,41(4):551-557.
[16]包健西.基于三维离散元方法的沥青混合料抗剪强度研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017:28-39.BAO Jianxi.Study on shear resistance of asphalt mixtures based on three-dimensional discrete element method[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017:28-39.
[17]BUTTLAR W G,YOU Z P.Discrete element modeling of asphalt concrete:Microfabric approach[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,2001,1757(1):111-118.
[18]YOU Z P,BUTTLAR W G.Discrete element modeling to predict the modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2004,16(2):140-146.
[19]张德育,黄晓明,高英.沥青混合料三维离散元虚拟单轴蠕变试验[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,42(7):15-20.ZHANG Deyu,HUANG Xiaoming,GAO Ying.Three-dimension virtual uniaxial creep test of asphalt mixture by using discrete element method[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2012,42(7):15-20.