养殖马口鱼肌肉营养成分分析及评价
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摘要
为了解养殖马口鱼的营养价值,采用国家标准的生化测定方法,对1冬龄人工养殖马口鱼进行了肌肉营养成分分析及评价.结果显示,养殖马口鱼肌肉中水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为77.05%、18.78%、1.79%和1.31%. 17种被检测出的氨基酸总量(TAA)为70.74%,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)、半必需氨基酸(HEAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)和鲜味氨基酸(DAA)分别为28.38%、6.63%、35.73%和26.99%. EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA和DAA/TAA分别为40.12%、79.43%和38.15%;其限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸(Met+Cys)和缬氨酸(Val),必需氨基酸指数为63.23.19种被检出的脂肪酸中,有4种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、4种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)及11种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),总SFA、总MUFA、总PUFA、总n-3PUFA、总n-6PUFA以及二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)之和分别为27.1%、36.42%、36.48%、13.55%、22.93%和11.65%.表明养殖马口鱼是一种蛋白质含量较高、氨基酸平衡效果较好、不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富、营养价值较高的经济鱼类.
In order to evaluate the nutritive quality of cultured Opsariichthys bidens, the muscle nutrient components were analyzed by the national standard(biochemical measurement) methods in one winter-old cultured O. bidens. The results showed that the contents of water moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in O. bidens muscle were 77.05%, 18.78%, 1.79%, and 1.31%, respectively. A total of 17 kinds of amino acids were detected and its content was 70.74%, including 28.38% essential amino acids(EAA), 6.63% half essential amino acids(HEAA), 35.73%non-essential amino acids(NEAA), and 26.99% delicious amino acids(DAA). The ratios of EAA/TAA, EAA/NEAA and DAA/TAA were 40.12%, 79.43% and 38.15%, respectively.The limiting amino acids were methionine, cystine and valine, and the essential amino acid index(EAAI) was63.23. A total of 19 kinds of fatty acids were detected, including 4 kinds of saturated fatty acids(SFA), 4 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), and 11 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). The ∑SFA, ∑MUFA,∑PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA and ∑n-6 PUFA were 27.1%, 36.42%, 36.48%, 13.55%, and 22.93%, respectively. In addition, the total content of eicosapentenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexoenoic acid(DHA) in fatty acids were11.65%. Our results suggest that the O. bidens has high nutritive quality with abundant crude protein and unsaturated fatty acid, and superior amino acid balance effect.
In order to evaluate the nutritive quality of cultured Opsariichthys bidens, the muscle nutrient components were analyzed by the national standard(biochemical measurement) methods in one winter-old cultured O. bidens. The results showed that the contents of water moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash in O. bidens muscle were 77.05%, 18.78%, 1.79%, and 1.31%, respectively. A total of 17 kinds of amino acids were detected and its content was 70.74%, including 28.38% essential amino acids(EAA), 6.63% half essential amino acids(HEAA), 35.73%non-essential amino acids(NEAA), and 26.99% delicious amino acids(DAA). The ratios of EAA/TAA, EAA/NEAA and DAA/TAA were 40.12%, 79.43% and 38.15%, respectively.The limiting amino acids were methionine, cystine and valine, and the essential amino acid index(EAAI) was63.23. A total of 19 kinds of fatty acids were detected, including 4 kinds of saturated fatty acids(SFA), 4 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA), and 11 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA). The ∑SFA, ∑MUFA,∑PUFA, ∑n-3 PUFA and ∑n-6 PUFA were 27.1%, 36.42%, 36.48%, 13.55%, and 22.93%, respectively. In addition, the total content of eicosapentenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexoenoic acid(DHA) in fatty acids were11.65%. Our results suggest that the O. bidens has high nutritive quality with abundant crude protein and unsaturated fatty acid, and superior amino acid balance effect.
引文
[1]肖英平,刘胜高,张俊,等.不同生长阶段翘嘴红肌肉营养成分分析[J].营养学报,2016,38(2):203-205.
[2]冀德伟,李明云,史雨红,等.光唇鱼的肌肉营养组成与评价[J].营养学报,2009,31(3):298-300.
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[7]邴旭文.中华倒刺和光倒刺肌肉营养品质的比较[J].大连水产学院学报,2005,20(3):233-237.
[8]缪凌鸿,戈贤平,刘波,等.三角鲂和长春鳊肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(1):87-94.
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[10]陈宜瑜.马口鱼类分类的重新整理[J].海洋与湖沼,1982,13(3):293-299.
[11]金柏,金克伟.铁甲水库马口鱼生物学的初步研究[J].水产科学,1985,4(4):8-12.
[12]金丹璐,张清科,王友发,等.鲤科经济鱼类马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态与生长观察研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(4):838-847.
[13]母丹利,袁思平,薛聪顺,等.马口鱼消化道的形态及组织学结构特征[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2016,29(3):39-44.
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[15]Johansson F.Body shape differentiation among mitochondrial-DNA lineages of Zacco platypus and Opsariichthys bidens(Cyprinidae)from the Changjiang and Xijiang river drainage areas in southern China[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2006,52(5):948-953.
[16]李强,蓝昭军,赵俊,等.广东北江马口鱼个体生殖力研究[J].四川动物,2010,29(3):440-445.
[17]姜景田.马口鱼人工繁殖及养殖试验[J].江西水产科技,2010(1):27-28.
[18]李树国,刘国忠,董玉春,等.察尔森水库马口鱼营养成分分析及营养评价[J].营养学报,2017,39(2):206-208.
[19]徐革锋,王裕玉,白庆利,等.江鳕肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(12):3027-3032.
[20]Pellett P L,Young V R.Nutritional Evaluation of Protein Foods[M].Tokyo:The United National University Publishing Company,1980:26-29.
[21]庄平,宋超,章龙珍,等.黄斑篮子鱼肌肉营养成分与品质的评价[J].水产学报,2008,32(1):77-83.
[22]孙中武,李超,尹洪滨,等.不同品系虹鳟的肌肉营养成分分析[J].营养学报,2008,30:298-302.
[23]林香信,颜孙安,钱爱萍,等.花鳗鲡鱼体肌肉的氨基酸分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(29):131-136.
[24]王炜,张伟敏.单不饱和脂肪酸的功能特性[J].中国食物与营养,2005(4):44-46.
[25]黄凤洪,黄庆德,刘昌盛.脂肪酸的营养与平衡[J].食品科学,2004,25(S):262-265.
[26]蒋霞敏,彭瑞冰,罗江,等.野生拟目乌贼不同组织营养成分分析及评价[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(12):2393-2401.
[27]Innis S M.The role of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the developing brain[J].Developmental Neuroscience,2000,22(5/6):474-480.
[28]徐华,张茹,刘连亮,等.辣木籽油脂微波提取工艺优化及其脂质分析[J].核农学报,2018,32(7):1393-1399.
[29]徐善良,王丹丽,徐继林,等.东海银鲳(Pampus argenteus)、灰鲳(P.cinereus)和中国鲳(P.sinensis)肌肉主要营养成分分析与评价[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(4):775-782.
[2]冀德伟,李明云,史雨红,等.光唇鱼的肌肉营养组成与评价[J].营养学报,2009,31(3):298-300.
[3]程汉良,蒋飞,彭永兴,等.野生与养殖草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析[J].食品科学,2013,38(13):266-270.
[4]周兴华,郑曙明,吴青,等.齐口裂腹鱼肌肉营养成分的分析[J].大连水产学院学报,2005,20(1):20-24.
[5]刘俊利,熊邦喜,吕光俊,等.两种不同营养类型水库鲢、鳙肌肉营养成分的比较[J].水产学报,2011,35(7):1098-1104.
[6]周兴华,向枭,陈建.重口裂腹鱼肌肉营养成分的分析[J].营养学报,2006,28(6):536-537.
[7]邴旭文.中华倒刺和光倒刺肌肉营养品质的比较[J].大连水产学院学报,2005,20(3):233-237.
[8]缪凌鸿,戈贤平,刘波,等.三角鲂和长春鳊肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].动物学杂志,2013,48(1):87-94.
[9]王苗苗,王海磊,罗庆华,等.鳡鱼肌肉营养成分测定及评价[J].食品科学,2014,35(15):238-242.
[10]陈宜瑜.马口鱼类分类的重新整理[J].海洋与湖沼,1982,13(3):293-299.
[11]金柏,金克伟.铁甲水库马口鱼生物学的初步研究[J].水产科学,1985,4(4):8-12.
[12]金丹璐,张清科,王友发,等.鲤科经济鱼类马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态与生长观察研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(4):838-847.
[13]母丹利,袁思平,薛聪顺,等.马口鱼消化道的形态及组织学结构特征[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2016,29(3):39-44.
[14]Perdices A,Sayanda D,Coelho M M.Mitochondrial diversity of Opsariichthys bidens(Teleostei,Cyprinidae)in three Chinese drainages[J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution,2005,37(3):920-927.
[15]Johansson F.Body shape differentiation among mitochondrial-DNA lineages of Zacco platypus and Opsariichthys bidens(Cyprinidae)from the Changjiang and Xijiang river drainage areas in southern China[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2006,52(5):948-953.
[16]李强,蓝昭军,赵俊,等.广东北江马口鱼个体生殖力研究[J].四川动物,2010,29(3):440-445.
[17]姜景田.马口鱼人工繁殖及养殖试验[J].江西水产科技,2010(1):27-28.
[18]李树国,刘国忠,董玉春,等.察尔森水库马口鱼营养成分分析及营养评价[J].营养学报,2017,39(2):206-208.
[19]徐革锋,王裕玉,白庆利,等.江鳕肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(12):3027-3032.
[20]Pellett P L,Young V R.Nutritional Evaluation of Protein Foods[M].Tokyo:The United National University Publishing Company,1980:26-29.
[21]庄平,宋超,章龙珍,等.黄斑篮子鱼肌肉营养成分与品质的评价[J].水产学报,2008,32(1):77-83.
[22]孙中武,李超,尹洪滨,等.不同品系虹鳟的肌肉营养成分分析[J].营养学报,2008,30:298-302.
[23]林香信,颜孙安,钱爱萍,等.花鳗鲡鱼体肌肉的氨基酸分析研究[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(29):131-136.
[24]王炜,张伟敏.单不饱和脂肪酸的功能特性[J].中国食物与营养,2005(4):44-46.
[25]黄凤洪,黄庆德,刘昌盛.脂肪酸的营养与平衡[J].食品科学,2004,25(S):262-265.
[26]蒋霞敏,彭瑞冰,罗江,等.野生拟目乌贼不同组织营养成分分析及评价[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(12):2393-2401.
[27]Innis S M.The role of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in the developing brain[J].Developmental Neuroscience,2000,22(5/6):474-480.
[28]徐华,张茹,刘连亮,等.辣木籽油脂微波提取工艺优化及其脂质分析[J].核农学报,2018,32(7):1393-1399.
[29]徐善良,王丹丽,徐继林,等.东海银鲳(Pampus argenteus)、灰鲳(P.cinereus)和中国鲳(P.sinensis)肌肉主要营养成分分析与评价[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(4):775-782.