基于局部相似属性的初至自动拾取
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摘要
本文提出了一种基于局部相似属性的初至自动拾取方法。首先是由炮记录中的地震道计算其局部互相关相似属性,形成局部相似属性道;然后根据粗略估计的近地表速度和炮检距对炮集中的每一道计算一个初至搜索中心,并以此中心确定每一道的搜索范围;最后将这些局部属性道作为能量比法的输入,计算局部相似属性道的能量比曲线,取搜索范围内能量比曲线的最大值所在位置为初至时刻。模型数据和实际资料试验结果表明,该方法具有一定的抗噪性能,且易于使用。
We propose in this paper a new approach for automatic first break picking.First,local similarity attributes such as local cross-correlation are calculated on traces of shot records.At the same time,a central point of first-break search is calculated based on near-surface velocity and offset for every trace of shot gathers.And a first-break search scope is determined for every trace of the shot gather.Then local cross-correlation trace is used as the input of the modified energy ratio method to detect first-breaks.The location of the maximum energy ratio in the search range can be considered as first break of the trace.Model and real data tests show that the proposed approach is robust under noisy conditions and easy to use.
We propose in this paper a new approach for automatic first break picking.First,local similarity attributes such as local cross-correlation are calculated on traces of shot records.At the same time,a central point of first-break search is calculated based on near-surface velocity and offset for every trace of shot gathers.And a first-break search scope is determined for every trace of the shot gather.Then local cross-correlation trace is used as the input of the modified energy ratio method to detect first-breaks.The location of the maximum energy ratio in the search range can be considered as first break of the trace.Model and real data tests show that the proposed approach is robust under noisy conditions and easy to use.
引文
[1]Allen R V.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from single trace.Bulltin of Seismic Society American,1978,68(5):1521-1532.
[2]徐钰,曾维辉,宋建国等.浅层折射波勘探中初至自动拾取新算法.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):218-224.Xu Yu,Zeng Weihui,Song Jianguo et al.A new method for first-break picking in refraction exploration.OGP,2012,47(2):218-224.
[3]许银波,杨海申,杨剑等.初至波能量比迭代拾取方法.地球物理学进展,2016,31(2):845-850.Xu Yinbo,Yang Haishen,Yang Jian et al.Iteration pickup mehod of first break using energy ratio.Progress in Geophysics,31(2):845-850.
[4]Coppens F.First arrival picking on common-offset trace collections for automatic estimation of static corrections.Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(8):1212-1231.
[5]Lee M,Byun J,Kim D et al.Improved modified energy ratio method using a multi-window approach for accurate arrival picking.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2017,139:117-130.
[6]张唤兰,朱光明,王云宏.基于时窗能量比和AIC的两步法微震初至自动拾取.物探与化探,2013,37(2):269-273.Zhang Huanlan,Zhu Guangming,Wang Yunhong.Automatic microseismic event detection and picking method.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(2):269-273.
[7]Sabbione J I,and Velis D.Automatic first-breaks picking:New strategies and algorithms.Geophysics,2010,75(4):V67-V76.
[8]Boschetti F,Dentith M and List R.A fractal-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic traces.Geophysics,1996,61(4):1095-1102.
[9]陈金焕,曹永生,孙成龙等.基于二分法的地震波初至自动拾取算法.地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):688-694.Chen Jinhuan,Cao Yongsheng,Sun Chenglong et al.The algorithm for automatic first-breaks picking on seismic traces based on dichotomy.Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):688-694.
[10]曾富英,李敏锋,申维.地震波初至拾取的分形研究.现代地质,2002,16(2):209-213.Zeng Fuying,Li Minfeng,Shen Wei.The fractal study on detecting arrival time of the first break.Geoscience,2002,16(2):209-213.
[11]陈爱萍,邹文,何光明等.基于分维和相关性的自动初至拾取技术及应用.物探化探计算技术,2009,31(2):100-107.Chen Aiping,Zou Wen,He Guangming et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method and its application based on fractal and correlation.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,31(2):100-107.
[12]韩小俊,施泽进,李亚林.利用分形维拾取地震初至的一种改进算法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):60-63.Han Xiaojun,Shi Zejin,Li Yalin.An improved algorithm for picking up seismic first arrivals by using fractal dimension.OGP,2002,37(1):60-63.
[13]王金峰,罗省贤,李录明.改进神经网络并行算法及其在地震初至拾取中的应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(3):348-352.Wang Jinfeng,Luo Shengxian,Li Luming.An improved neural network parallel arithmetic and its application in picking seismic first break.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2007,34(3):348-352.
[14]庄东海,肖春燕,颜永宁.利用人工神经网络自动拾取地震记录初至.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):659-664.Zhuang Donghai,Xiao Chunyan and Yan Yongning.Seismic first arrival pickup using artificial neural network.OGP,29(5):659-664.
[15]张军华,赵勇,赵爱国等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波.物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):209-212.Zhang Junhua,Zhao Yong,Zhao Aiguo et al.Seismic first break pickup using wavelet transform and power ratio method.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2002,24(4):209-212.
[16]岳龙,刘怀山,刘凯等.基于时频分析地初至拾取方法研究.石油物探,2015,54(5):508-520.Yue Long,Liu Huaishan,Liu Kai et al.First-break picking based on time-frequency analysis.GPP,2015,54(5):508-520.
[17]陈常乐,刘财,胡婷等.基于S变换和瞬时旅行时属性的自动初至拾取方法研究.世界地质,2015,34(1):219-225.Chen Changle,Liu Cai,Hu Ting et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on S transform and instantaneous traveltime attributes.Global Geology,2015,34(1):219-225.
[18]李辉峰,邹强,金文.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155.Li Huifeng,Zou Qiang,Jin Wen.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on edge detecting.OGP,2006,41(2):150-155.
[19]曹俊海,顾汉明,尚新民.基于局部相关谱约束的多道匹配追踪算法识别微地震信号.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):704-714.Cao Junhai,Gu Hanming,Shang Xinmin.Microseismic signal identification with multichannel matching pursuit based on local coherence spectrum constraint.OGP,2017,52(4):704-714.
[20]曾庆才,曾同生,欧阳永林等.复杂山地层析反演静校正新方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):418-425,441.Zeng Qingcai,Zeng Tongsheng,Ouyang Yonglin et al.A new tomographic inversion for static corrections in complex mountain areas.OGP,2017,52(3):418-425,441.
[21]林凡生,邹志辉.基于波形相似性的远震初至拾取方法进展与对比研究.地球物理学进展,2017,32(4):1597-1606.Lin Fansheng,Zou Zhihui.Review and comparative study of waveform-similarity based teleseismic firstarrival picking methods.Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(4):1597-1606.
[22]谭玉阳,于静,冯刚等.微地震事件初至拾取SLPEA算法.地球物理学报,2016,59(1):185-196.Tan Yuyang,Yu Jing,Feng Gang et al.Arrival picking of microseismic events using the SLPEA algorithm.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(1):185-196.
[23]秦晅,宋维琪.基于时窗能量比与互信息量的微地震初至拾取方法.物探与化探,2016,40(2):374-379.Qin Xuan,Song Weiqi.Automatic first arrival pickup method of microseismic event based on energy ratio and mutual information.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(2):374-379.
[24]刘劲松,王赟,姚振兴.微地震信号到时自动拾取方法.地球物理学报,2013,56(5):1660-1666.Liu Jinsong,Wang Yun,Yao Zhenxing.On microseismic first arrival identification:A case study.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(5):1660-1666.
[25]何先龙,佘天莉,高峰.一种地震P波和S波初至时间自动拾取的新方法.地球物理学报,2016,59(7):2519-2527.He Xianlong,She Tianli,Gao Feng.A new method for picking up arrival times of seismic P and S waves automatically.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(7):2519-2527.
[2]徐钰,曾维辉,宋建国等.浅层折射波勘探中初至自动拾取新算法.石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):218-224.Xu Yu,Zeng Weihui,Song Jianguo et al.A new method for first-break picking in refraction exploration.OGP,2012,47(2):218-224.
[3]许银波,杨海申,杨剑等.初至波能量比迭代拾取方法.地球物理学进展,2016,31(2):845-850.Xu Yinbo,Yang Haishen,Yang Jian et al.Iteration pickup mehod of first break using energy ratio.Progress in Geophysics,31(2):845-850.
[4]Coppens F.First arrival picking on common-offset trace collections for automatic estimation of static corrections.Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(8):1212-1231.
[5]Lee M,Byun J,Kim D et al.Improved modified energy ratio method using a multi-window approach for accurate arrival picking.Journal of Applied Geophysics,2017,139:117-130.
[6]张唤兰,朱光明,王云宏.基于时窗能量比和AIC的两步法微震初至自动拾取.物探与化探,2013,37(2):269-273.Zhang Huanlan,Zhu Guangming,Wang Yunhong.Automatic microseismic event detection and picking method.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2013,37(2):269-273.
[7]Sabbione J I,and Velis D.Automatic first-breaks picking:New strategies and algorithms.Geophysics,2010,75(4):V67-V76.
[8]Boschetti F,Dentith M and List R.A fractal-based algorithm for detecting first arrivals on seismic traces.Geophysics,1996,61(4):1095-1102.
[9]陈金焕,曹永生,孙成龙等.基于二分法的地震波初至自动拾取算法.地球物理学进展,2015,30(2):688-694.Chen Jinhuan,Cao Yongsheng,Sun Chenglong et al.The algorithm for automatic first-breaks picking on seismic traces based on dichotomy.Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(2):688-694.
[10]曾富英,李敏锋,申维.地震波初至拾取的分形研究.现代地质,2002,16(2):209-213.Zeng Fuying,Li Minfeng,Shen Wei.The fractal study on detecting arrival time of the first break.Geoscience,2002,16(2):209-213.
[11]陈爱萍,邹文,何光明等.基于分维和相关性的自动初至拾取技术及应用.物探化探计算技术,2009,31(2):100-107.Chen Aiping,Zou Wen,He Guangming et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method and its application based on fractal and correlation.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2009,31(2):100-107.
[12]韩小俊,施泽进,李亚林.利用分形维拾取地震初至的一种改进算法.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(1):60-63.Han Xiaojun,Shi Zejin,Li Yalin.An improved algorithm for picking up seismic first arrivals by using fractal dimension.OGP,2002,37(1):60-63.
[13]王金峰,罗省贤,李录明.改进神经网络并行算法及其在地震初至拾取中的应用.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,34(3):348-352.Wang Jinfeng,Luo Shengxian,Li Luming.An improved neural network parallel arithmetic and its application in picking seismic first break.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2007,34(3):348-352.
[14]庄东海,肖春燕,颜永宁.利用人工神经网络自动拾取地震记录初至.石油地球物理勘探,1994,29(5):659-664.Zhuang Donghai,Xiao Chunyan and Yan Yongning.Seismic first arrival pickup using artificial neural network.OGP,29(5):659-664.
[15]张军华,赵勇,赵爱国等.用小波变换与能量比方法联合拾取初至波.物探化探计算技术,2002,24(4):209-212.Zhang Junhua,Zhao Yong,Zhao Aiguo et al.Seismic first break pickup using wavelet transform and power ratio method.Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2002,24(4):209-212.
[16]岳龙,刘怀山,刘凯等.基于时频分析地初至拾取方法研究.石油物探,2015,54(5):508-520.Yue Long,Liu Huaishan,Liu Kai et al.First-break picking based on time-frequency analysis.GPP,2015,54(5):508-520.
[17]陈常乐,刘财,胡婷等.基于S变换和瞬时旅行时属性的自动初至拾取方法研究.世界地质,2015,34(1):219-225.Chen Changle,Liu Cai,Hu Ting et al.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on S transform and instantaneous traveltime attributes.Global Geology,2015,34(1):219-225.
[18]李辉峰,邹强,金文.基于边缘检测的初至波自动拾取方法.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(2):150-155.Li Huifeng,Zou Qiang,Jin Wen.Automatic firstbreak picking method based on edge detecting.OGP,2006,41(2):150-155.
[19]曹俊海,顾汉明,尚新民.基于局部相关谱约束的多道匹配追踪算法识别微地震信号.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(4):704-714.Cao Junhai,Gu Hanming,Shang Xinmin.Microseismic signal identification with multichannel matching pursuit based on local coherence spectrum constraint.OGP,2017,52(4):704-714.
[20]曾庆才,曾同生,欧阳永林等.复杂山地层析反演静校正新方法及应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):418-425,441.Zeng Qingcai,Zeng Tongsheng,Ouyang Yonglin et al.A new tomographic inversion for static corrections in complex mountain areas.OGP,2017,52(3):418-425,441.
[21]林凡生,邹志辉.基于波形相似性的远震初至拾取方法进展与对比研究.地球物理学进展,2017,32(4):1597-1606.Lin Fansheng,Zou Zhihui.Review and comparative study of waveform-similarity based teleseismic firstarrival picking methods.Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(4):1597-1606.
[22]谭玉阳,于静,冯刚等.微地震事件初至拾取SLPEA算法.地球物理学报,2016,59(1):185-196.Tan Yuyang,Yu Jing,Feng Gang et al.Arrival picking of microseismic events using the SLPEA algorithm.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(1):185-196.
[23]秦晅,宋维琪.基于时窗能量比与互信息量的微地震初至拾取方法.物探与化探,2016,40(2):374-379.Qin Xuan,Song Weiqi.Automatic first arrival pickup method of microseismic event based on energy ratio and mutual information.Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2016,40(2):374-379.
[24]刘劲松,王赟,姚振兴.微地震信号到时自动拾取方法.地球物理学报,2013,56(5):1660-1666.Liu Jinsong,Wang Yun,Yao Zhenxing.On microseismic first arrival identification:A case study.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(5):1660-1666.
[25]何先龙,佘天莉,高峰.一种地震P波和S波初至时间自动拾取的新方法.地球物理学报,2016,59(7):2519-2527.He Xianlong,She Tianli,Gao Feng.A new method for picking up arrival times of seismic P and S waves automatically.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(7):2519-2527.