井工煤矿生态恢复治理工作中存在的问题探讨
|
摘要
井工煤矿对生态系统的影响和破坏主要为采空区导致地表变形、地面塌陷、地裂缝等地质灾害,地下水系统破坏和"三废"排放等。该文认为人们对矿区生产及闭坑后地下水污染对农业的危害未能引起足够的重视,急需强行关闭用作灌溉的污染水井,然后需要进行监测、封堵、治污等工作,逐渐提高矿区地下水质量;认为煤矿高岩温岩体作为地热能的主要赋存体,具有较好的热导率,通过水源热泵系统提取循环水中的热量,可以将采空区周边的地温能加以提取利用,让煤矿在生产及闭坑后均能产生地热能源;认为制约煤矿采空塌陷积水区治理的关键问题是解决充填积水区和井下采空区填充物问题,提出改造鲁南运河,将黄河泥沙输送到济宁及周边矿区;认为治理历史遗留矸石山的关键问题是爆破削坡过程中发生崩塌、滑坡、扬尘等灾害,可以利用高压水枪,配合破岩机和挖掘机联合作业来解决。
Main impacts and damages of underground coal mine on ecological system are ground deformation, ground subsidence, ground fissures and other geological hazards caused by goaf, groundwater system damage and "three wastes" discharge. It is regarded that people have not paid enough attention to the harmfulness of groundwater pollution to agriculture in mining area production and after pit closure. It is urgent to shut down polluted water wells forcibly for irrigation. Then monitoring, sealing and pollution control are needed to gradually improve the quality of groundwater in mining area. It is believed that high-temperature rock mass in coal mine is main geothermal energy. The occurrence body has good thermal conductivity. By extracting heat from circulating water through water source heat pump system, the geothermal energy around the goaf can be extracted and utilized, so that the coal mine can generate geothermal energy after production and pit closure. It is considered that key problems restricting the treatment of goaf subsidence water accumulation area is to solve the filler of filling water accumulation area and underground goaf. It is prosposed that Lunan Canal should be reformed, and the sediment of the Yellow River should be transferred to Jining and surrounding mining areas. It is believed that the key problems in the management of historical gangue mountain is the collapse, landslide, dust and other disasters in the blasting slope cutting process. It can be solved by using high-pressure water guns and the joint operation of rock breaking machines and excavators.
Main impacts and damages of underground coal mine on ecological system are ground deformation, ground subsidence, ground fissures and other geological hazards caused by goaf, groundwater system damage and "three wastes" discharge. It is regarded that people have not paid enough attention to the harmfulness of groundwater pollution to agriculture in mining area production and after pit closure. It is urgent to shut down polluted water wells forcibly for irrigation. Then monitoring, sealing and pollution control are needed to gradually improve the quality of groundwater in mining area. It is believed that high-temperature rock mass in coal mine is main geothermal energy. The occurrence body has good thermal conductivity. By extracting heat from circulating water through water source heat pump system, the geothermal energy around the goaf can be extracted and utilized, so that the coal mine can generate geothermal energy after production and pit closure. It is considered that key problems restricting the treatment of goaf subsidence water accumulation area is to solve the filler of filling water accumulation area and underground goaf. It is prosposed that Lunan Canal should be reformed, and the sediment of the Yellow River should be transferred to Jining and surrounding mining areas. It is believed that the key problems in the management of historical gangue mountain is the collapse, landslide, dust and other disasters in the blasting slope cutting process. It can be solved by using high-pressure water guns and the joint operation of rock breaking machines and excavators.
引文
[1]李梅婷,王世虎.我国矿山环境保护政策法规的展望[J].山东国土资源,2011,27(6):61-63.
[2]张东强,蓝俊康,刘宝剑.煤的开采与加工对地下水的污染及防治措施[J].地下水,2008,30(6):88-90.
[3]南亚林,杨惠,甄平福.陕北神府矿区地下水污染评价[J].地下水,2018,40(5):5-8.
[4]于新,马志抒,金速,等.抚顺矿区地下水污染研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(2):93-95.
[5]常允新,冯在敏,韩德刚.淄博市洪山寨里煤矿地下水污染形成原因及防治[J].山东地质,1999,15(1):41-45.
[6]王元波,赵菲,王晓玮,等.山东省地质环境监测规划探讨[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(11):38-44.
[7]孔凡杜.滕县煤田矿区矿山地质环境综合评价研究[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(1):59-64.
[8]徐军祥,许品.淄博煤矿闭坑对地下水的污染及控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(10):28-30.
[9]孙艳玲,桂祥友.煤矿热害及其治理[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报.中国煤炭地质,2003,22(增刊):35-37.
[10]胡波,黎逢良,谭秀全.泗河冲积扇松散岩土体地温自恢复能力研究[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(7):55-60.
[11]赵克钊,马宁,魏巍,等.矿井系统中水源热泵应用技术探析---以山东省济宁梁宝寺煤矿为例[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(6):62-66.
[12]史启朋,吴晓华,姜福红,等.鲁西地区不同岩性热响应试验结果浅析[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(2):35-40.
[13]秦耀军,张平平.山东省砂岩热储地热资源开发利用模式探讨[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(10):95-98.
[14]李寨东,耿雪振.河南省煤矿塌陷区特征及治理措施研究[J].能源技术与管理,2012,(3):159-161.
[15]姬宗皓,韩梅,孙高众.煤炭充填技术在济宁煤矿的应用[J].山东国土资源,2012,28(4):40-42.
[16]薄怀志.高潜水位平原区采煤沉陷防治技术研究进展[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(11):59-66.
[17]孙玮涓,钟雨良,马晓燕,等.同忻煤矿矸石山生态修复规划[J].现代园林,2013,10(7):3-8.
[18]蒙永辉,颜堂,罗梅,等.论山东省矿山地质环境现状及存在的问题[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(9):36-41.
[19]张阳,孙四清,张俭,等.水射流割缝增透技术研究进展[J].煤矿机械,2014,35(5):7-9.
(1)山东省煤田地质局第三勘探队,山东省巨野煤田郓城煤矿建井地质报告,2014年。
(2)山东省煤田地质局第三勘探队,山东省济宁煤田许厂煤矿生产地质报告,2015年。
[2]张东强,蓝俊康,刘宝剑.煤的开采与加工对地下水的污染及防治措施[J].地下水,2008,30(6):88-90.
[3]南亚林,杨惠,甄平福.陕北神府矿区地下水污染评价[J].地下水,2018,40(5):5-8.
[4]于新,马志抒,金速,等.抚顺矿区地下水污染研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(2):93-95.
[5]常允新,冯在敏,韩德刚.淄博市洪山寨里煤矿地下水污染形成原因及防治[J].山东地质,1999,15(1):41-45.
[6]王元波,赵菲,王晓玮,等.山东省地质环境监测规划探讨[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(11):38-44.
[7]孔凡杜.滕县煤田矿区矿山地质环境综合评价研究[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(1):59-64.
[8]徐军祥,许品.淄博煤矿闭坑对地下水的污染及控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(10):28-30.
[9]孙艳玲,桂祥友.煤矿热害及其治理[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报.中国煤炭地质,2003,22(增刊):35-37.
[10]胡波,黎逢良,谭秀全.泗河冲积扇松散岩土体地温自恢复能力研究[J].山东国土资源,2017,33(7):55-60.
[11]赵克钊,马宁,魏巍,等.矿井系统中水源热泵应用技术探析---以山东省济宁梁宝寺煤矿为例[J].山东国土资源,2013,29(6):62-66.
[12]史启朋,吴晓华,姜福红,等.鲁西地区不同岩性热响应试验结果浅析[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(2):35-40.
[13]秦耀军,张平平.山东省砂岩热储地热资源开发利用模式探讨[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(10):95-98.
[14]李寨东,耿雪振.河南省煤矿塌陷区特征及治理措施研究[J].能源技术与管理,2012,(3):159-161.
[15]姬宗皓,韩梅,孙高众.煤炭充填技术在济宁煤矿的应用[J].山东国土资源,2012,28(4):40-42.
[16]薄怀志.高潜水位平原区采煤沉陷防治技术研究进展[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(11):59-66.
[17]孙玮涓,钟雨良,马晓燕,等.同忻煤矿矸石山生态修复规划[J].现代园林,2013,10(7):3-8.
[18]蒙永辉,颜堂,罗梅,等.论山东省矿山地质环境现状及存在的问题[J].山东国土资源,2018,34(9):36-41.
[19]张阳,孙四清,张俭,等.水射流割缝增透技术研究进展[J].煤矿机械,2014,35(5):7-9.
(1)山东省煤田地质局第三勘探队,山东省巨野煤田郓城煤矿建井地质报告,2014年。
(2)山东省煤田地质局第三勘探队,山东省济宁煤田许厂煤矿生产地质报告,2015年。