苦参碱对杀菌剂抗山核桃干腐病的增效作用
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摘要
为了减少化学杀菌剂在田间的使用,提高对山核桃干腐病(Botryosphaeria dothidea)的防治效果,选用植物源农药苦参碱与8种化学杀菌剂进行复配。采用生长速率法测定杀菌剂对山核桃干腐病的抑菌效果。通过共毒因子法定性分析筛选发现,苦参碱与甲基托布津和嘧菌酯复配效果最好。结合各杀菌剂EC50值,最终选取抑菌效果较好的甲基托布津与苦参碱进行复配。利用共毒系数法定量分析发现,当苦参碱与甲基托布津复配比例为5∶5和6∶4时,其共毒系数值分别为197.605和186.257,增效作用显著,对山核桃干腐病抑菌效果明显优于单剂使用。
The antifungal and synergistic effects of matrine compound with eight different chemical fungicides against Botryosphaeria dothidea were determined by the growth rate method to reduce the use of pesticides and increase the control effect. The matrine and thiophanate-methyl/azoxystrobin mixtures were screened as the better combinations by co-toxicity factor method,nevertheless,azoxystrobin was eliminated due to the lower antifungal activity than thiophanate-methyl against B. dothidea. Matrine and thiophanate-methyl with ratio of 5 ∶ 5 and 6 ∶ 4 showed higher co-toxicity coefficient of 197. 605 and 186.257,respectively. Therefore,the synergistic effects of matrine combined with thiophanate-methyl was obviously higher than the single-dose use.
The antifungal and synergistic effects of matrine compound with eight different chemical fungicides against Botryosphaeria dothidea were determined by the growth rate method to reduce the use of pesticides and increase the control effect. The matrine and thiophanate-methyl/azoxystrobin mixtures were screened as the better combinations by co-toxicity factor method,nevertheless,azoxystrobin was eliminated due to the lower antifungal activity than thiophanate-methyl against B. dothidea. Matrine and thiophanate-methyl with ratio of 5 ∶ 5 and 6 ∶ 4 showed higher co-toxicity coefficient of 197. 605 and 186.257,respectively. Therefore,the synergistic effects of matrine combined with thiophanate-methyl was obviously higher than the single-dose use.
引文
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[2]HUANG J,ZHANG T,ZHANG Q,et al.The mechanism of high contents of oil and oleic acid revealed by transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis during embryogenesis in Carya cathayensis Sarg.[J].BMC Genomics,2016,17(1):113.
[3]WANG Z,HUANG R,SUN Z,et al.Identification and profiling of conserved and novel microRNAs involved in oil and oleic acid production during embryogenesis in Carya cathayensis Sarg.[J].Functional&Integrative Genomics,2017,17(2/3):365-373.
[4]郑宏兵,束庆龙,丁之恩.山核桃溃疡病与营养元素的关系[J].经济林研究,2007,25(3):19-23.
[5]郑宏兵.山核桃抗溃疡病机理及其相关因素的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2004.
[6]戴德江,马海芹,沈瑶,等.几种杀菌剂对山核桃干腐病的室内活性筛选与应用[J].农药,2015,54(3):217-219,230.
[7]张传清,章祖平,孙品雷,等.山核桃干腐病菌对7种杀菌剂的敏感性比较及其对苯醚甲环唑敏感基线的建立[J].农药学学报,2011,13(1):84-86.
[8]祁彦,汪宝琪.苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的研究概况[J].西北药学杂志,1996,11(1):62-64.
[9]苗抗立,张建中,董颖,等.苦参的化学成分及药理的研究进展[J].天然产物研究与开发,2001,13(2):69-73.
[10]郑永权,姚建仁,邵向东.苦参化学成分及农业应用研究概况[J].农药科学与管理,2000,21(1):24-26,30.
[11]汪长中,程惠娟,官妍,等.苦参碱对体外白念珠菌生物膜抑制作用[J].中国公共卫生,2008,24(12):1491-1492.
[12]吴岚,周永梅,施琳俊,等.苦参碱对白色念珠菌黏附人口腔黏膜上皮细胞的影响[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2009,25(1):3-5.
[13]韦平英,梁英,侯美珍.苦参生物碱对几种植物病原菌的抑制作用研究初报[J].广西植保,2003,16(2):1-2.
[14]严清平,袁善奎,姜辉,等.苦参生物碱对植物病原菌的离休抗菌活性研究[J].农药科学与管理,2007,28(12):46-49.
[15]Yang X Y,ZHAO B G.Antifungal activities of matrine and oxymatrine and their synergetic effects with chlorthalonil[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2006,17(4):323-325.
[16]MANSOUR N A,ELDEFRAWI M E,TOPPOZADA A,et al.Toxicological studies on the Egyptian cotton leafeorm,Prodenia litura.VI.Potentiation and antagonism of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides[J].J Econ Entomol,1966,59(2):307-311.
[17]SUN Y P,JOHNSON E R.Analysis of joint action of insecticides against house flies[J].J Econ Entomol,1960,53(5):887-892.
[18]吴志辉,明文平.山核桃溃疡病的化学防治研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(14):3409-3409.
[19]杨淑贞,丁立忠,楼君芳,等.山核桃干腐病发生发展规律及防治技术[J].浙江林学院学报,2009,26(2):228-232.
[20]DIXON R A.Natural products and plant disease resistance[J].Nature,2001,411:843-847.