行向和行距对玉米生长状况的影响
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摘要
以玉米为研究对象,采用大田(大区对比)试验,通过分析3种行向(南北向、东西向、南偏西20°)和2种行距(65 cm+65 cm、160 cm+40 cm)对玉米生长状况的影响,揭示其生理生态机制,筛选出最有利于玉米生长的田间配置方式。结果显示,160 cm+40 cm有效延长了中上部叶片持绿期,增强玉米抗倒伏能力,延缓玉米开花后叶面积衰减速度。南偏西20°可以维持玉米上部叶片较高的SPAD值,延长玉米叶片持绿期,有效增加叶面积、叶面积指数及玉米开花后穗位叶的比叶重。南偏西20°、160 cm+40 cm有利于延长穗位叶持绿期。综上,南偏西20°、160 cm+40 cm有利于延长穗位叶持绿期,提高玉米产量效果最为明显。
With maize as the research object,field test(regional contrast) was adopted to analyze three row orientations(south-north,east-west,southwestern 20°) and two row spacings(65 cm+65 cm,160 cm+40 cm).To find out the most suitable field configuration for maize growth,we investigated the effects of row orientation and planting pattern on growth of maize,as well as physiological and ecological mechanism.Results showed that 160 cm+ 40 cm effectively extended the growth period in the upper and middle leaves of maize,enhanced the lodging resistance of maize and delayed the decay rate of leaf area after flowering.Southwestern 20° could maintain higher SPAD values in the upper leaves and extend the green period of leaves,effectively increased the leaf area,leaf area index and specific leaf weight of ear leaf after flowering in maize.Southwestern 20° and 160 cm+40 cm was conducive to prolonging the green period and photosynthesis time of ear leaf.In summary,southwestern 20° and 160 cm+ 40 cm was favorable for prolonging the photosynthesis time of ear leaf and increasing maize yield.
With maize as the research object,field test(regional contrast) was adopted to analyze three row orientations(south-north,east-west,southwestern 20°) and two row spacings(65 cm+65 cm,160 cm+40 cm).To find out the most suitable field configuration for maize growth,we investigated the effects of row orientation and planting pattern on growth of maize,as well as physiological and ecological mechanism.Results showed that 160 cm+ 40 cm effectively extended the growth period in the upper and middle leaves of maize,enhanced the lodging resistance of maize and delayed the decay rate of leaf area after flowering.Southwestern 20° could maintain higher SPAD values in the upper leaves and extend the green period of leaves,effectively increased the leaf area,leaf area index and specific leaf weight of ear leaf after flowering in maize.Southwestern 20° and 160 cm+40 cm was conducive to prolonging the green period and photosynthesis time of ear leaf.In summary,southwestern 20° and 160 cm+ 40 cm was favorable for prolonging the photosynthesis time of ear leaf and increasing maize yield.
引文
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[3] 高亚男,崔金虎.不同行距对春玉米生育后期绿叶面积及活性的影响[J].农业工程,2011,1(1):115-117.
[4] 宋伟.种植方式对花生产量和品质的影响及其生理生态基础研究[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2011.
[5] 李维岳,田海云,尹枝瑞,等.吉林省中部黑土地区玉米早熟丰产栽培技术的研究[J].东北农业科学,1982(1):12-22.
[6] 陈文俊,田孟良,张军杰,等.玉米叶片持绿性研究进展与对策[J].生物技术进展,2011,1(6):409-412.
[7] 童淑媛.玉米茎叶发生发展及叶片光合特性变化规律的研究[D].长春:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2009.
[8] KARLEN D L,KASPERBAUER M J.Row orientation and configuration effects on canopy light spectra and corn growth[J].Applied agricultural research,1989,4:51-56.
[9] 刘魏魏.密度和种植方式对夏玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2011.
[10] 王洋,齐晓宁,刘胜群,等.宽窄行种植方式对生育后期玉米叶片衰老的影响[J].土壤与作物,2016,5(4):211-214.