快中子照相在武器质量检测中的可行性研究
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摘要
为研究快中子照相技术(FNR)在武器质量检测中的可行性,以公开的武器模型数据建立模拟模型,利用Monte Carlo(MC)方法对快中子照相在武器质量检测中的安全性进行评估,由评估数据得出在14.1 Me V快中子累计照射2×10~8n条件下,铀、钚两种裂变材料损伤极小。同时,参考国外研究模型和预设缺陷,设计加工了类比模型实验样品,通过实验和模拟相结合的方式对武器检测中可能出现的内部狭缝、圆孔和中心位移等问题进行研究。实验结果表明FNR可以识别5 mm钢包裹条件下的1 mm的狭缝缺陷。模拟结果显示FNR可以实现对特定厚度的特殊材料进行中心位移缺陷诊断,模拟评估和实验结果表明快中子照相技术在武器质量检测中具有可行性。
In order to study the feasibility of fast neutron radiography technology( FNR) in weapon quality detection,the research object was established on the basis of the open hypothetical weapon model,and the MC method was used to evaluate the safety of the fast neutron radiography in the weapon quality detection. Results showed that the fissile materials of uranium and plutonium have minimal damage under 14.1 Me V fast neutron irradiation with a total dose of 2×10~8 n. On the basis of referring to the foreign research model and the default defects,the author designed and manufactured the experimental samples,and studied the internal slit,round hole and center displacement which may appear in the weapon inspection by means of both experiments and simulations. The experiment results show that FNR can identify the defects of1-mm-thick slits inside a steel block of 5 mm thickness. The simulations further show that FNR is able to diagnose the center displacement with certain thicknesses for particular materials. Therefore,our results suggest FNR could be a feasible and potential technique in weapon quality testing.
In order to study the feasibility of fast neutron radiography technology( FNR) in weapon quality detection,the research object was established on the basis of the open hypothetical weapon model,and the MC method was used to evaluate the safety of the fast neutron radiography in the weapon quality detection. Results showed that the fissile materials of uranium and plutonium have minimal damage under 14.1 Me V fast neutron irradiation with a total dose of 2×10~8 n. On the basis of referring to the foreign research model and the default defects,the author designed and manufactured the experimental samples,and studied the internal slit,round hole and center displacement which may appear in the weapon inspection by means of both experiments and simulations. The experiment results show that FNR can identify the defects of1-mm-thick slits inside a steel block of 5 mm thickness. The simulations further show that FNR is able to diagnose the center displacement with certain thicknesses for particular materials. Therefore,our results suggest FNR could be a feasible and potential technique in weapon quality testing.
引文
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[2]郑小海.基于加速器的快中子照相技术研究[D].北京:中国原子能科学院,2014:5-30.ZHENG Xiao-hai.Fast neutron radiography based on the multiplier[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Atomic Energy,2014:5-30.
[3]Hall J,Rusnak B,Fitsos P J.High energy neutron imaging development at LLNL[R].Processing of 8th World Conference on Neutron Radiography UCRL-CONF-230835,2007.
[4]Nicholas G,Liu Y,Yjames R,et al.Development and commercialization of a fast-neutron/X-ray cargo scanner[J].Process Science and Engineering,2010,330-336.
[5]Zboray R,Mor I,Dangendorf V,et al.High-frame rate imaging of two-phase flow in a thin rectangular channel using fast neutrons[J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2014,90:122-131.
[6]唐彬,周长庚,霍合勇,等.14 Me V快中子数字照相初步实验研究[J].中国科学G辑,2009,39(8):1090-1096.TANG Bin,ZHOU Chang-gen,HUO He-yong,et al.The pilot experimental study of 14 Me V fast neutron digital radiography[J].Science in China Series G,2009,39(8):1330-1336.
[7]Zou Y B,Guo L A,Guo Z Y et al.Development of a converter made of scintillator and wavelength-shifting fibers for fast neutron radiography.Nucl.Instrum.Methods A,2011,651:62-66.
[8]Li H,Zou Y B,Wang S,et al.Preliminary study on neutron radiography with several hundred ke V fast neutrons[J].Chinese Physics Letter,2012,29(11):1-4.
[9]鲁昌兵,许鹏,鲍杰,等.快中子照相模拟分析与实验验证[J].物理学报,2015,64(19):198702.LU Chang-bing,XU Peng,BAO Jie,et al.Simulation analysis and experimental verification of fast neutron radiography[J].Acta.Phys.Sin,2015,64(19):198702.
[10]鲁昌兵,许鹏,鲍杰,等.快中子照相细节灵敏度初步实验研究[J].核技术,2015,38(8):080202.LU Chang-bing,XU Peng,Bao Jie,et al.Preliminary experimental research of detail sensitivity in fast neutron radiography[J].Nucl Tech,2015,38(8):080202.
[11]Li H,Wu Y,Cao C,et al.Design optimization,manufacture and response measurements for fast-neutron radiography converters made of scintillator and wavelength-shifting fibers[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods A,2014,762:64-69.
[12]章法强,杨建伦,李正宏,等.厚闪烁体内次级中子对快中子图像质量的影响研究[J].物理学报,2009,58(2):1316-1320.ZHANG Fa-qiang,YANG Jian-lun,LI Zheng-hong,et al.Effects of secondary neutrons on fast neutron image quality in thick scintillator[J].Acta Physics Sinica,2009,58(2):1316-1320.
[13]Tang B,Wu Y,Li H,et al.The physics analysis and experiment study of zinc sulphide scintillator for fast neutron radiography[J].Nucl.Instrum.Methods A,2013,729:327-333.
[14]Lu C B,Bao J,Huang Y,et al.Study on the contrast sensitivity of14Me V fast neutron radiography[J].Nuclear Science and Techniques,2017,28:78.
[15]杜祥琬.核军备控制科学技术基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996:117-120.DU Xiang-wan.Nuclear arms control basis of science and technology[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1996:117-120.
[16]春雷.核武器概论[M].北京:原子能出版社,2005:30-50.CHUN Lei.Introduction to nuclear weapons[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2005:30-50.
[17]伍均,刘成安,胡思得,等.以中子作外源的假想核弹头主动探测[J].计算物理,2003,20(1):71-75.WU Jun,LIU Cheng-an,HU Si-de,et al.By neutron hypothetical nuclear warheads exogenous active detection[J].Journal of computational physics,2003,20(1):71-75.
[18]Bishnoi S,Thomas R G,Sarkar P S,et al.Simulation study of fast neutron radiography using GEANT4[J].JINST,2015,10:P02002.
[19]Zou Y B,Guo L A,Guo Z Y,et al.Development of a converter made of scintillator and wavelength-shifting fibers for fast neutron radiography[J].Nucl Instrum.Methods A,2009,605:73-76.