植物源营养液及叶幕整形方式对梅鹿辄叶幕环境和果实品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究叶面施用植物源营养液配合叶幕形整形方式,对梅鹿辄葡萄叶幕微气候和果实品质的影响,为天山北麓产区优质酿酒葡萄的生产管理供理论依据。【方法】以7a生梅鹿辄葡萄为研究对象,分别设置篱壁式叶幕、V形叶幕配合使用植物源发酵叶面肥及不使用4个试验处理;于果实膨大期、转色期、成熟期测定果际温度、湿度等环境指标的变化情况,果实转色期测定叶幕不同部位光合有效辐(PAR)日变化规律及叶片质量和光合指标进行测定,果实成熟期测定粒重、籽粒数、皮果比、籽粒/果重、果穗松散度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸等指标。【结果】【结论】V形叶幕型提高了梅鹿辄葡萄叶幕群体受光指数,提高浆果不同发育阶段的果际日温差;改善了叶片质量和光合能力;果穗更为松散,浆果可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量提高。喷施植物源营养液能提高梅鹿辄葡萄叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量,提高叶片的光合能力,改善了叶片的生理活性。
【Objective】 In this article, effects of canopy types and plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth and the berry quality of Merlot of canopy type were studied in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the production and management of high quality wine grape in the northern piedmont producing area of Tianshan Mountains. 【Method】 7 a old Merlot was taken as the research object and 4 treatments were set up: fence canopy type, fence canopy type with plant-derived nutrient solution, V canopy type and V canopy type with plant-derived nutrient solution. Changes of interfruit temperature, humidity and other environmental indexes at fruit expansion period, color-changed period and mature period were mensurated; and the index of PAR daily variation regularity, leaf quality and photosynthetic capacity of different places of canopy were determined at colour-changed period; the fruit quality index as weight of cluster and berry, pericarp weight/berry weight, number of seed, loose degree of cluster, soluble solid, titratable acid were measured during mature period. 【Result】 V-shaped leaf curtain type increased the light exposure index of Merlot grape leaf curtain population and enhanced the interfruit diurnal temperature difference at different stages of berry development, which led to the improvement of leaf quality and photosynthetic capacity, the loose of the grape cluster and the increase of the fruit soluble solid and titratable acid content; The leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein content and photosynthetic capacity were increased and physiological activity of leaf was improved with plant-derived nutrient solution treatment.
【Objective】 In this article, effects of canopy types and plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth and the berry quality of Merlot of canopy type were studied in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the production and management of high quality wine grape in the northern piedmont producing area of Tianshan Mountains. 【Method】 7 a old Merlot was taken as the research object and 4 treatments were set up: fence canopy type, fence canopy type with plant-derived nutrient solution, V canopy type and V canopy type with plant-derived nutrient solution. Changes of interfruit temperature, humidity and other environmental indexes at fruit expansion period, color-changed period and mature period were mensurated; and the index of PAR daily variation regularity, leaf quality and photosynthetic capacity of different places of canopy were determined at colour-changed period; the fruit quality index as weight of cluster and berry, pericarp weight/berry weight, number of seed, loose degree of cluster, soluble solid, titratable acid were measured during mature period. 【Result】 V-shaped leaf curtain type increased the light exposure index of Merlot grape leaf curtain population and enhanced the interfruit diurnal temperature difference at different stages of berry development, which led to the improvement of leaf quality and photosynthetic capacity, the loose of the grape cluster and the increase of the fruit soluble solid and titratable acid content; The leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein content and photosynthetic capacity were increased and physiological activity of leaf was improved with plant-derived nutrient solution treatment.
引文
[1]潘明启,董新平,张付春,等.新疆酿酒葡萄生产现状、主要问题及技术对策[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2014,(4):71-72.PAN Ming-qi,DONG Xin-ping,ZHANG Fu-chun,et al.(2014).The production status,main problems and technical countermeasures of Xinjiang wine grape [J].Sino-Overseas Grapevine &Wine,(4):71-72.(in Chinese)
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[7]张大鹏,姜红英,陈星黎,等.叶幕微气候与葡萄生理、产量和品质形成之间基本关系的研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(2):110-116.ZHANG Da-peng,JIANG Hong-ying,CHEN Xing-li,et al.(1995).Studies on the Essential Relationship between Canopy Microclimate,Vine Growth,Grape Yield and Berry Quality [J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,22(2):110-116.(in Chinese)
[8]孙晔,张军翔.叶幕微气候对酿酒葡萄品质影响研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2014,(10):30-33.SUN Ye,ZHANG Jun-xiang.(2014).Research progress in impacts of canopy microclimate on quality of wine-grape [J].Guangdong Agricultural sciences,(10):30-33.(in Chinese)
[9]方晟,毛建卫,单之初,等.植物源作物酵素营养液研究进展及发展建议[J].农业工程,2017,7(4):181-186.FANG Sheng,MAO Jian-wei,SHAN Zhi-chu,et al.(2017).Research Progress and Development Suggestions on Plant-derived Enzyme Nutrient Solution [J].Agricultural Engineering,7(4):181-186.(in Chinese)
[10]冷翔鹏,慕茜,房经贵.葡萄浆果中的糖成分以及相关代谢研究的进展[J].江苏林业科技,2011,38(2):40-43.LENG Xiang-peng,MU Qian,FANG Jing-gui.(2011).Advances of studies on sugar composition and related metabolisms in grape berries [J].Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology,38(2):40-43.(in Chinese)
[11] Eric Duchêne,& Schneider,C.(2005).Grapevine and climatic changes:a glance at the situation in Alsace.Agronomie,25(1):93-99.
[12]汤兆星.新疆酿酒葡萄基地生态条件分析[J].安徽农业科学,2009,(36):8 136-8 137.TANG Zhao-xing.(2009).Wine grape base in xinjiang ecological condition analysis [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,37(37):8,136-8,137.(in Chinese)
[13]雷玉娟,王平,娄文浩,等.不同留芽量对赤霞珠葡萄产量及果实品质的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2014,(1):22-25.LEI Yu-juan,WANG Ping,LOU Wen-hao,et al.(2014).Effects of shoot density on yield and berry quality of Cabernet Sauvignon [J].Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine,(1):22-25.(in Chinese)
[14]杨文静,田估,张杰.芳香植物营养液对苹果生长及果实品质的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2015,30(1):19-21.YANG Wen-jing,TIAN Gu,ZHANG Jie.(2015).Effect of aromatic plant-de-rived nutrient solution on the growth and fruit quality of apple trees [J].Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture,30(1):19-21.(in Chinese)
[15]罗蕊,张杰,柳明娟,等.梨果实源营养液的制备及其对梨树叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3 337-3 345.LUO Rui,ZHANG Jie,LIU Ming-juan,et al.(2012).Method of making pearfruit-derived nutrient solution and its effect on photosyntlietic cliarac-teristics and fruit quality [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,45(16):3,337-3,345.(in Chinese)
[16]耿健,崔楠楠,张杰,等.喷施芳香植物源营养液对梨树生长、果实品质及病害的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1 285-1 294.GENG Jian,CUI Nan-nan,ZHANG Jie,et al.(2011).Effect of aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth,fruit quality and disease prevention of pear tree [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(5):1,285-1,294.(in Chinese)
[2]边凤霞,文旭,王富霞,等.不同树形对北疆酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,(36):40-41.BIAN Feng-xia,WEN Xu,WANG Fu-xia,et al.(2015).Effect of Different Tree Types on Growth and Quality of Wine Grape in North of Xinjiang [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,(36):40-41.(in Chinese)
[3] Leila D Falco,Chaves,E.S.,Burin,V.M.,Ana Paula Falc?o,& Bordignon-Luiz,M.T.(2008).Maturity of cabernet sauvignon berries from grapevines grown with two different training systems in a new grape growing region in Brazil.Ciencia E Investigación Agraria,35(9):321-332.
[4]项殿芳,朱京涛,吴学仁,等.不同叶幕结构对赤霞珠葡萄生长发育的影响[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2004,18(2):45-50.XIANG Dian-fang,ZHU Jing-tao,WU Xue-ren,et al.(2004).Effects of Different Structure of Canopy on the Growth of Cabernet Sauvignon [J].Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology,18(2):45-50.(in Chinese)
[5]满丽婷,赵文东,郭修武,等.不同架式和负载量对`晚红'葡萄果实品质的研究[J].北方果树,2011,(5):11-12.MAN Li-ting,ZHAO Wen-dong,GUO Xiu-wu,et al.(2011).Different posture and load on ' late red' research of grape fruit quality [J].Northern Fruits,(5):11-12.(in Chinese)
[6] Liu,M.Y.,Chi,M.,Tang,Y.H.,Song,C.Z.,Xi,Z.M.,& Zhang,Z.W.(2015).Effect of three training systems on grapes in a wet region of china:yield,incidence of disease and anthocyanin compositions of vitis vinifera cv.cabernet sauvignon.Molecules,20(10):18,967-18,987.
[7]张大鹏,姜红英,陈星黎,等.叶幕微气候与葡萄生理、产量和品质形成之间基本关系的研究[J].园艺学报,1995,22(2):110-116.ZHANG Da-peng,JIANG Hong-ying,CHEN Xing-li,et al.(1995).Studies on the Essential Relationship between Canopy Microclimate,Vine Growth,Grape Yield and Berry Quality [J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,22(2):110-116.(in Chinese)
[8]孙晔,张军翔.叶幕微气候对酿酒葡萄品质影响研究进展[J].广东农业科学,2014,(10):30-33.SUN Ye,ZHANG Jun-xiang.(2014).Research progress in impacts of canopy microclimate on quality of wine-grape [J].Guangdong Agricultural sciences,(10):30-33.(in Chinese)
[9]方晟,毛建卫,单之初,等.植物源作物酵素营养液研究进展及发展建议[J].农业工程,2017,7(4):181-186.FANG Sheng,MAO Jian-wei,SHAN Zhi-chu,et al.(2017).Research Progress and Development Suggestions on Plant-derived Enzyme Nutrient Solution [J].Agricultural Engineering,7(4):181-186.(in Chinese)
[10]冷翔鹏,慕茜,房经贵.葡萄浆果中的糖成分以及相关代谢研究的进展[J].江苏林业科技,2011,38(2):40-43.LENG Xiang-peng,MU Qian,FANG Jing-gui.(2011).Advances of studies on sugar composition and related metabolisms in grape berries [J].Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology,38(2):40-43.(in Chinese)
[11] Eric Duchêne,& Schneider,C.(2005).Grapevine and climatic changes:a glance at the situation in Alsace.Agronomie,25(1):93-99.
[12]汤兆星.新疆酿酒葡萄基地生态条件分析[J].安徽农业科学,2009,(36):8 136-8 137.TANG Zhao-xing.(2009).Wine grape base in xinjiang ecological condition analysis [J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,37(37):8,136-8,137.(in Chinese)
[13]雷玉娟,王平,娄文浩,等.不同留芽量对赤霞珠葡萄产量及果实品质的影响[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2014,(1):22-25.LEI Yu-juan,WANG Ping,LOU Wen-hao,et al.(2014).Effects of shoot density on yield and berry quality of Cabernet Sauvignon [J].Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine,(1):22-25.(in Chinese)
[14]杨文静,田估,张杰.芳香植物营养液对苹果生长及果实品质的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2015,30(1):19-21.YANG Wen-jing,TIAN Gu,ZHANG Jie.(2015).Effect of aromatic plant-de-rived nutrient solution on the growth and fruit quality of apple trees [J].Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture,30(1):19-21.(in Chinese)
[15]罗蕊,张杰,柳明娟,等.梨果实源营养液的制备及其对梨树叶片光合特性和果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3 337-3 345.LUO Rui,ZHANG Jie,LIU Ming-juan,et al.(2012).Method of making pearfruit-derived nutrient solution and its effect on photosyntlietic cliarac-teristics and fruit quality [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,45(16):3,337-3,345.(in Chinese)
[16]耿健,崔楠楠,张杰,等.喷施芳香植物源营养液对梨树生长、果实品质及病害的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1 285-1 294.GENG Jian,CUI Nan-nan,ZHANG Jie,et al.(2011).Effect of aromatic plant-derived nutrient solution on the growth,fruit quality and disease prevention of pear tree [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(5):1,285-1,294.(in Chinese)