条带式Wongawilli煤柱特征及作用机理分析
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摘要
条带式Wongawilli采煤法是一种新型高效减沉采煤法,对减轻采场覆岩破坏、控制地表沉陷、减少采动对地表建(构)筑物的损害具有重要意义,而煤柱是条带式Wongawilli采煤法减沉降损效果的关键。为研究条带式Wongawilli开采煤柱特征及其对覆岩作用,阐明了条带式Wongawilli采煤法煤柱系统与顶板的相互作用机理,本文结合王台铺煤矿地质采矿条件,采用理论分析、相似模拟及现场验证相结合的方法,研究了条带式Wongawilli开采煤柱形式及特征,建立了条带式Wongawilli煤柱的结构力学模型,分析了直接顶离层情况及不规则煤柱、条带煤柱的受力与支护强度。研究表明:条带式Wongawilli采煤法由刀间煤柱、不规则煤柱、条带煤柱形成了特殊的煤柱系统,刀间煤柱起临时支护作用,随着工作面的推进,刀间煤柱随采随垮或者短时间内就失去支撑能力;不规则煤柱能对顶板的维护起到一定作用;条带煤柱是整个煤柱系统的关键。条带式Wongawilli开采直接顶与基本顶发生离层,直接顶弯曲下沉形成"固支梁"或垮落形成"悬臂梁" 2种结构,并作用于条带式Wongawilli煤柱;条带煤柱与传统条带开采煤柱类似,支撑直接顶及基本顶。不规则煤柱类似于支撑单体的形式(类单体)被动支撑直接顶,且不规则煤柱如果发生失稳破坏,条带煤柱的压缩突变量也会突增,影响其稳定性,进而影响整个条带式Wongawilli开采煤柱系统的稳定。
The strip Wongawilli Mining method is a new type of high-efficiency subsidence reduction mining method in China,which is of great significance for reducing the damage of overburden rock,controlling surface subsidence and reducing the damage of mining to surface structures. The coal pillar is the key to control subsidence by Strip Wongawilli mining. In order to study the coal pillar characteristics and the interaction mechanism between coal pillar system and roof in strip Wongawilli mining,the Wangtaipu mine was taken as geological model. Theoretical analysis,similar simulation and site measurement were combined to build a systematic model in strip Wongawilli mining. The failure characteristics of coal pillars in Strip Wongawilli mining were observed,and the mechanical structure model of strip coal pillar and iregular coal pillar were set up. Then the roof abscission layer and coal pillar stress and support strength were analyzed. The results show that the strip Wongawilli mining method is a special pillar system formed by narrow pillars,irregular pillars and strip pillars. The narrow pillars play a temporary supporting role. With the advance of coal mining face,the narrow pillars lose their supporting capacity after mining or in a short time,irregular pillars can play a certain role in the support of roof,and strip pillars are the key of the whole pillar system. In strip Wongawilli mining, direct roof separates from main roof, and direct roof bends and subsides to form two kinds of structures, one is to bend down to form a clamped beam,and the other is to form a cantilever structure,which applying force to strip Wongawilli coal pillars. The strip coal pillars are similar to the traditional strip coal pillars, supporting the direct roof and the old roof.The irregular coal pillars are similar to the form of supporting monomers(similar to monomers) passively supporting direct roof. If irregular coal pillars fail,the abrupt change of compression of strip coal pillars will increase sharply,which will affect the stability of the whole strip Wongawilli mining pillar system.
The strip Wongawilli Mining method is a new type of high-efficiency subsidence reduction mining method in China,which is of great significance for reducing the damage of overburden rock,controlling surface subsidence and reducing the damage of mining to surface structures. The coal pillar is the key to control subsidence by Strip Wongawilli mining. In order to study the coal pillar characteristics and the interaction mechanism between coal pillar system and roof in strip Wongawilli mining,the Wangtaipu mine was taken as geological model. Theoretical analysis,similar simulation and site measurement were combined to build a systematic model in strip Wongawilli mining. The failure characteristics of coal pillars in Strip Wongawilli mining were observed,and the mechanical structure model of strip coal pillar and iregular coal pillar were set up. Then the roof abscission layer and coal pillar stress and support strength were analyzed. The results show that the strip Wongawilli mining method is a special pillar system formed by narrow pillars,irregular pillars and strip pillars. The narrow pillars play a temporary supporting role. With the advance of coal mining face,the narrow pillars lose their supporting capacity after mining or in a short time,irregular pillars can play a certain role in the support of roof,and strip pillars are the key of the whole pillar system. In strip Wongawilli mining, direct roof separates from main roof, and direct roof bends and subsides to form two kinds of structures, one is to bend down to form a clamped beam,and the other is to form a cantilever structure,which applying force to strip Wongawilli coal pillars. The strip coal pillars are similar to the traditional strip coal pillars, supporting the direct roof and the old roof.The irregular coal pillars are similar to the form of supporting monomers(similar to monomers) passively supporting direct roof. If irregular coal pillars fail,the abrupt change of compression of strip coal pillars will increase sharply,which will affect the stability of the whole strip Wongawilli mining pillar system.
引文
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[12]郭力群,彭兴黔,蔡奇鹏.基于统一强度理论的条带煤柱设计[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1563-1567.GUO Liqun,PENG Xingqian,CAI Qipeng. Design of strip coal pillar based on the unified strength theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1563-1567.
[13]王春秋,高立群,陈绍杰,等.条带煤柱长期承载能力实测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(6):779-804.WANG Chunqiu,GAO Liqun,CHEN Shaojie,et al. Field research on long-term bearing capacity of strip pillar[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(6):799-804.
[14] GUO Wenbing,XU Feiya. Numerical simulation of overburden and surface movements for Wongawilli strip pillar mining[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(1):71-76.
[15]白二虎.条带式Wongawilli采煤法覆岩与地表沉陷特征研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2015.BAI Erhu. Study on overburden strata and surface subsidence characteristic of strip Wongawilli coal mining technology[D]. Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2015.
[16]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[17]王方田.浅埋房式采空区下近距离煤层长壁开采覆岩运动规律及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.WANG Fangtian. Overlying strata movement laws and ground control of the longwall face mining in a shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[18]尹志明,唐建新,刘兴明.单体液压支柱构建适用于薄煤层的连体支架的设计[J].煤炭工程,2011,(3):141-150.YIN Zhiming,TANG Jianxin,LIU Xingming. Design on hydraulic single props suitable to build connected support applied to thin seam[J]. Coal Engineering,2011,(3):141-150.
[19]曹协,张军,贾永辉.单体支柱工作面特种支柱支护密度探讨[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,21(6):699-701.CAO Xie, ZHANG Jun,JIA Yonghui. Discussion about timbering density of special strut on individual strut's working face[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2002,21(6):699-701.
[20]王方田,屠世浩,李召鑫,等.浅埋煤层房式开采遗留煤柱突变失稳机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):770-775.WANG Fangtian,TU Shihao,LI Zhaoxin,et al. Mutation instability mechanism of the room mining residual pillars in the shallow depth seam[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(6):770-775.
[2]谭毅,郭文兵,赵雁海.条带式Wongawilli开釆煤柱系统突变失稳机理及工程稳定性研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1667-1674.TAN Yi,GUO Wenbing,ZHAO Yanhai. Engineering stability and instability mechanism of strip Wongawilli coal pillar system based on catastrophic theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2016,41(7):1667-1674.
[3]谭毅,郭文兵,白二虎,等.条带式Wongawilli开采煤柱失稳覆岩破坏分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(7):1656-1662.TAN Yi,GUO Wenbing,BAI Erhu,et al. Overburden failure induced by instability of coal pillar in strip Wongawilli mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(7):1656-1662.
[4]王连国,缪协兴,王学知,等.条带开采煤柱破坏宽度计算分析[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(6):767-769.WANG Lianguo, MIAO Xiexing, WANG Xuezhi, et al. Analysis on damaged width of coal pillar in strip extraction[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(6):767-769.
[5]王瑞,闫帅,柏建彪,等.端帮开釆下煤柱破坏宽度计算及失稳机理研究[J].岩土力学:1-13.https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2018.1560, 2019-04-16.WANG Rui,YAN Shuai,BAI Jianbiao,et al. Theoretical analysis&study of the destabilization on damaged width of rib pillar in openpit highwall mining[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 1-13. https://doi. org/10. 16285/j. rsm. 2018. 1560,2019-04-16.
[6]邹友峰,柴华彬.我国条带煤柱稳定性研究现状及存在问题[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):141-150.ZOU Youfeng,CHAI Huabin. Research status of strip coal pillar stability and its main problems in China[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):141-150.
[7]郭文兵,邓喀中,邹友峰.条带煤柱的突变破坏失稳理论研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,34(1):77-81.GUO Wenbing,DENG Kazhong,ZOU Youfeng. Study on failure and instability of strip coal pillar by catastrophic theory[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2005,34(1):77-81.
[8]吴立新,王金庄,郭增长.煤柱设计与监测基础[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.
[9]崔希民,缪协兴.条带煤柱中的应力分析与沉陷曲线形态研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(4):392-394.CUI Ximin, MIAO Xiexing. Analysis of stresses acting on strip pillar and form of subsidence curve[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(4):392-394.
[10]刘贵,张华兴,徐乃忠.深部厚煤层条带开采煤柱的稳定性[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(10):1086-1091.LIU Gui, ZHANG Huaxing, XU Naizhong. Coal pillar stability of deep and high seam strip-partial mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(10):1086-1091.
[11]柴华彬.条带开采中含弱面的煤柱尺寸设计[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2007,26(1):8-10.CHAI Huabin. Dimension design of coal pillar with weak plane in strip mining[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science,2007,26(1):8-10.
[12]郭力群,彭兴黔,蔡奇鹏.基于统一强度理论的条带煤柱设计[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(9):1563-1567.GUO Liqun,PENG Xingqian,CAI Qipeng. Design of strip coal pillar based on the unified strength theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(9):1563-1567.
[13]王春秋,高立群,陈绍杰,等.条带煤柱长期承载能力实测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(6):779-804.WANG Chunqiu,GAO Liqun,CHEN Shaojie,et al. Field research on long-term bearing capacity of strip pillar[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(6):799-804.
[14] GUO Wenbing,XU Feiya. Numerical simulation of overburden and surface movements for Wongawilli strip pillar mining[J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2016,26(1):71-76.
[15]白二虎.条带式Wongawilli采煤法覆岩与地表沉陷特征研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2015.BAI Erhu. Study on overburden strata and surface subsidence characteristic of strip Wongawilli coal mining technology[D]. Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2015.
[16]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[17]王方田.浅埋房式采空区下近距离煤层长壁开采覆岩运动规律及控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.WANG Fangtian. Overlying strata movement laws and ground control of the longwall face mining in a shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[18]尹志明,唐建新,刘兴明.单体液压支柱构建适用于薄煤层的连体支架的设计[J].煤炭工程,2011,(3):141-150.YIN Zhiming,TANG Jianxin,LIU Xingming. Design on hydraulic single props suitable to build connected support applied to thin seam[J]. Coal Engineering,2011,(3):141-150.
[19]曹协,张军,贾永辉.单体支柱工作面特种支柱支护密度探讨[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,21(6):699-701.CAO Xie, ZHANG Jun,JIA Yonghui. Discussion about timbering density of special strut on individual strut's working face[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2002,21(6):699-701.
[20]王方田,屠世浩,李召鑫,等.浅埋煤层房式开采遗留煤柱突变失稳机理研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(6):770-775.WANG Fangtian,TU Shihao,LI Zhaoxin,et al. Mutation instability mechanism of the room mining residual pillars in the shallow depth seam[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(6):770-775.