室内自然通风环境热舒适性研究
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摘要
通过建立室内自然通风模型,研究了系统在不同温度、不同进风口风速及不同外窗开度情况耦合工况下,人体热舒适感受能够承受的温度上限和空气流速与外窗开度的适用范围。结果表明,室内热舒适性会随室外温度升高而明显恶化,温度达28.5℃时超过热舒适性指标国家标准推荐值;各因子中,风速及温度对室内热舒适性影响比重相对较轻,外窗开度的影响最大;20%为外窗开度下限,随开度的增大室内热舒适性增强;风速增加带来的不适"吹风感"也需考虑,该个体差异性感受会使得室内热舒适性迅速下降。
The indoor natural ventilation model is set up to computationally simulate the upper temperature limit,which human body thermal comfort can withstand,the scope of application of air velocity and window opening situations as well at different temperatures,different inlet air velocities and different opening situations.The results show that indoor thermal comfort will significantly deteriorate as the outdoor temperature increasing.When the temperature reaches 28.5℃,the thermal comfort index exceeds the national standard recommended value.Among all the factors,the influences of wind speed and temperature on indoor thermal comfort are similar and lighter,and the opening of external window is the most influential factor.The opening of window should not be less than 20%,and with the increasing of opening level the indoor thermal comfort increases.The uncomfortable"feeling of air blowing"due to the increasing of wind speed should be considered,and this individually different feeling will cause the indoor thermal comfort to drop rapidly.
The indoor natural ventilation model is set up to computationally simulate the upper temperature limit,which human body thermal comfort can withstand,the scope of application of air velocity and window opening situations as well at different temperatures,different inlet air velocities and different opening situations.The results show that indoor thermal comfort will significantly deteriorate as the outdoor temperature increasing.When the temperature reaches 28.5℃,the thermal comfort index exceeds the national standard recommended value.Among all the factors,the influences of wind speed and temperature on indoor thermal comfort are similar and lighter,and the opening of external window is the most influential factor.The opening of window should not be less than 20%,and with the increasing of opening level the indoor thermal comfort increases.The uncomfortable"feeling of air blowing"due to the increasing of wind speed should be considered,and this individually different feeling will cause the indoor thermal comfort to drop rapidly.
引文
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[2]BARLOW S.Occupant comfort in UK offices—How adaptive comfort theories might influence future low energy office refurbishment strategies[J].Energy&Buildings,2007,39(7):837-846.
[3]VISAGAVEL K,SRINIVASAN P S S.Analysis of single side ventilated and cross ventilated rooms by varying the width of the window opening using CFD[J].Solar Energy,2009,83(1):2-5.
[4]BASTIDE A,LAYRET P,GARDE F,et al.Building energy and thermal comfort in tropicalclimates:Presentation of a numerical approach for predicting the percentage of well-ventilated living spaces in building using natural ventilation[J].Energy and Buildings,2006(38):1093-1103.
[5]史小兵,王怡.西安夏季居住建筑自然通风热舒适研究[J].西安航空技术高等专科学校学报,2007,25(1):26-29,51.SHI Xiao-bing, WANG Yi. Natural ventilation comfort research on Xi′an′s summer inhabitance building[J].Journal of Xi′an Aerotechnical College,2007,25(1):26-29,51.(in Chinese)
[6]李光英.湿热地区自然通风建筑过渡季热舒适研究——以海口学生宿舍为例[J].四川建筑科学研究,2017,43(4):140-145.LI Guang-ying.Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings in hot and humid area in transitional season—Take the student dormitory of Haikou for example[J].Sichuan Building Science,2017,43(4):140-145.(in Chinese)
[7]朱颖心.建筑环境学[M].第4版.北京:中国工业建筑出版社,2016.ZHU Ying-xin.Building Environment[M].4th ed.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016.(in Chinese)
[8]彭小云.自然通风与建筑节能[J].工业建筑,2007,37(3):5-9.PENG Xiao-yun.Natural ventilation and energy efficiency in building[J].Industrial Construction,2007,37(3):5-9.(in Chinese)
[9]International Organization for Standardization.Moderate Thermal Environments Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort:ISO7730-1994[S].Geneva:ISO,1984.
[10]全国人类工效学标准技术委员.中等热环境PMV和PPD指数的测定及热舒适条件的规定:GB/T18049-2000[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.NationalStandardTechnicalCommitteefor Ergonomics.Moderate Thermal Environments—Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort:GB/T 18049-2000[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2000.(in Chinese)
[11]郑慧凡,梁耀华,范晓伟,等.室内动态热舒适的影响因素分析[J].热科学与技术,2015,14(4):259-266.ZHENG Hui-fan,LIANG Yao-hua,FAN Xiaowei,et al.Analysis of affecting factors of dynamic indoor thermal comfort[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2015,14(4):259-266.(in Chinese)檶檶檶檶檶