扰动声线声压敏感核用于浅水前向散射小目标定位
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摘要
针对收发合置声呐在浅水信道中对小目标的定位能力受强混响制约的问题,开展了利用目标前向散射的声屏障实验研究,通过计算扰动声线的声压敏感核实现了在自然环境中、非等声速条件下的小目标定位。扰动声线的声压敏感核反映的是因目标进入探测区域而扰动到的声线所包含的目标位置信息.首先,从众多本征声线中确定可以用于目标定位的扰动声线;然后,利用扰动声线的声压敏感核的空间特性实现定位。将该定位算法用于湖试数据,实现了利用20～28 kHz的线性调频信号对直径0.4 m目标球的定位。并且通过比较不同参数假设下的计算结果,发现该定位算法对于目标材质和尺寸的失配均具有较好的鲁棒性.
Because of the strong reverberation in shallow water waveguide,the localization performance of small targets degrades when using the monostatic sonar.To solve the above problem,an acoustic barrier experiment using forward scattering has been made on the lake.This work localizes small targets under non-isovelocity condition in natural environment,by utilizing the location information contained in the sensitivity kernel for the perturbed eigenrays in two steps,choosing effective perturbed eigenrays from numerous candidates and then localizing the targets according to the spatial distribution of sensitivity kernels.The results suggest that this method is able to locate a 0.4-m-diameter sphere by using the LFM signal in the 20-28 kHz frequency band.Moreover,this method demonstrates good robustness to target material and size mismatch.
Because of the strong reverberation in shallow water waveguide,the localization performance of small targets degrades when using the monostatic sonar.To solve the above problem,an acoustic barrier experiment using forward scattering has been made on the lake.This work localizes small targets under non-isovelocity condition in natural environment,by utilizing the location information contained in the sensitivity kernel for the perturbed eigenrays in two steps,choosing effective perturbed eigenrays from numerous candidates and then localizing the targets according to the spatial distribution of sensitivity kernels.The results suggest that this method is able to locate a 0.4-m-diameter sphere by using the LFM signal in the 20-28 kHz frequency band.Moreover,this method demonstrates good robustness to target material and size mismatch.
引文
1马黎黎,王仁乾,项海格.收发分置目标强度的计箅及前向散射信号的分离.声学学报,2009; 34(6):481-489
2 Song H,Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S et al. Demonstration of a high-frequency acoustic barrier with a timereversal mirror.IEEE J.Oceanic Eng.,2003; 28:246—249
3 Jackson D R,Dowling D R.Phase conjugation in underwater acoustics.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1991;89:171—181
4 ZHANG Bixing,WANG Chenghao,LU Minghui.Study of self-focusing in underwater waveguide by time reversal method.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2003; 22(1):22—32
5 Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S,Song H C et al.Phase conjugation in the ocean:Experimental demonstration of an acoustic time-reversal mirror.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1998; 103:25-40
6 Prada C,de Rosny J,Clorennec D et al.Experimental detection and focusing in shallow water by decomposition of the time reversal operator.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2007;122:761-768
7 GUO Guoqiang,YANG Yixin,SUN Chao.Echo-toreverberation enhancement based on decomposition of time reversal operator with forward and backward reverberation nulling constrains.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2009;28(1):38—50
8 Roux P,Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S et al. A nonreciprocal implementation of time reversal in the ocean.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2004; 116:1009—1015
9 Sabra K G,Conti S,Roux P et al. Experimental demonstration of a high-frequency forward scattering acoustic barrier in a dynamic coastal environment.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2010; 127:3430—3439
10 Lei B,Yang K,Ma Y.Forward scattering detection of a submerged object by a vertical hydrophone array.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014; 136:2998—3007
11 He C,Yang K,Lei B et al. Forward scattering detection of a submerged moving target based on adaptive filtering technique.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2015; 138:EL293—EL298
12 Folegot T,Martinelli G,Guerrini P et al.An active acoustic tripwire for simultaneous detection and localization of multiple underwater intruders.J.Acust.Soc.Am.,2008;124:2852—2860
13 Marandet C,Roux P,Nicolas B et al. Target detection and localization in shallow water:an experimental demonstration of the acoustic barrier problem at the laboratory scale.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2011; 129:85—97
14温凤丹,林巨.浅海环境下的声学灵敏度核函数研究.南京大学学报(自然科学),2017; 53(1):135—143
15 Skarsoulis E K,Cornuelle B D.Travel-time sensitivity kernels in ocean acoustic tomography.J.Aco-ust.Soc.Am.,2004; 116:227-238
16 Roux P,Iturbe I,Nicolas B et al.Travel-time tomography in shallow water:Experimental demonstration at an ultrasonic scale.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2011; 130:1232—1241
17 Aulanier F,Nicolas B,Mars J I et al.Shallow-water acoustic tomography from angle measurements instead of traveltime measurements.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2013; 134:EL373-EL379
18 Huang Y,Zhao H,Wang F.Ocean acoustic tomography using travel-time sensitivity kernel.IEEE Oceans,2016:1-7
19 Roux P,Marandet C,Nicolas B et al.Experimental measurement of the acoustic sensitivity kernel.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2013; 134:EL38-EL44
20 Yildiz S,Roux P,Rakotonarivo S T et al.Target localization through a data-based sensitivity kernel:A perturbation approach applied to a multistatic configuration.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014; 135:1800-1807
21 Sarkar J,Marandet C,Roux P et al.Sensitivity kernel for surface scattering in a waveguide.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2012; 131:111-118
22 Roux P,Nicolas B.Inverting for a deterministic surface gravity wave using the sensitivity-kernel approach.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014; 135:1789—1799
23朱广平,殷敬伟,陈文剑等.北极典型冰下声信道建模及特性.声学学报,2017;42(2):152-158
24 SUN Zhenge,MA Yuanliang,TU Qingping et al.Theory of passive localization for underwater sources based on acoustic ray modeling.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,1997;16(3):250-259
25 Faran J J.Sound scattering by solid cylinders and spheres.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1951; 23:405—418
26张培珍,王朔中,王润田,陈云飞,王露贤.修正一阶Born近似改进水中弱散射目标的散射声场预报.声学学报,2014; 39(3):331-338
2 Song H,Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S et al. Demonstration of a high-frequency acoustic barrier with a timereversal mirror.IEEE J.Oceanic Eng.,2003; 28:246—249
3 Jackson D R,Dowling D R.Phase conjugation in underwater acoustics.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1991;89:171—181
4 ZHANG Bixing,WANG Chenghao,LU Minghui.Study of self-focusing in underwater waveguide by time reversal method.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2003; 22(1):22—32
5 Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S,Song H C et al.Phase conjugation in the ocean:Experimental demonstration of an acoustic time-reversal mirror.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1998; 103:25-40
6 Prada C,de Rosny J,Clorennec D et al.Experimental detection and focusing in shallow water by decomposition of the time reversal operator.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2007;122:761-768
7 GUO Guoqiang,YANG Yixin,SUN Chao.Echo-toreverberation enhancement based on decomposition of time reversal operator with forward and backward reverberation nulling constrains.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,2009;28(1):38—50
8 Roux P,Kuperman W A,Hodgkiss W S et al. A nonreciprocal implementation of time reversal in the ocean.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2004; 116:1009—1015
9 Sabra K G,Conti S,Roux P et al. Experimental demonstration of a high-frequency forward scattering acoustic barrier in a dynamic coastal environment.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2010; 127:3430—3439
10 Lei B,Yang K,Ma Y.Forward scattering detection of a submerged object by a vertical hydrophone array.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014; 136:2998—3007
11 He C,Yang K,Lei B et al. Forward scattering detection of a submerged moving target based on adaptive filtering technique.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2015; 138:EL293—EL298
12 Folegot T,Martinelli G,Guerrini P et al.An active acoustic tripwire for simultaneous detection and localization of multiple underwater intruders.J.Acust.Soc.Am.,2008;124:2852—2860
13 Marandet C,Roux P,Nicolas B et al. Target detection and localization in shallow water:an experimental demonstration of the acoustic barrier problem at the laboratory scale.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2011; 129:85—97
14温凤丹,林巨.浅海环境下的声学灵敏度核函数研究.南京大学学报(自然科学),2017; 53(1):135—143
15 Skarsoulis E K,Cornuelle B D.Travel-time sensitivity kernels in ocean acoustic tomography.J.Aco-ust.Soc.Am.,2004; 116:227-238
16 Roux P,Iturbe I,Nicolas B et al.Travel-time tomography in shallow water:Experimental demonstration at an ultrasonic scale.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2011; 130:1232—1241
17 Aulanier F,Nicolas B,Mars J I et al.Shallow-water acoustic tomography from angle measurements instead of traveltime measurements.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2013; 134:EL373-EL379
18 Huang Y,Zhao H,Wang F.Ocean acoustic tomography using travel-time sensitivity kernel.IEEE Oceans,2016:1-7
19 Roux P,Marandet C,Nicolas B et al.Experimental measurement of the acoustic sensitivity kernel.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2013; 134:EL38-EL44
20 Yildiz S,Roux P,Rakotonarivo S T et al.Target localization through a data-based sensitivity kernel:A perturbation approach applied to a multistatic configuration.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014; 135:1800-1807
21 Sarkar J,Marandet C,Roux P et al.Sensitivity kernel for surface scattering in a waveguide.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2012; 131:111-118
22 Roux P,Nicolas B.Inverting for a deterministic surface gravity wave using the sensitivity-kernel approach.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,2014; 135:1789—1799
23朱广平,殷敬伟,陈文剑等.北极典型冰下声信道建模及特性.声学学报,2017;42(2):152-158
24 SUN Zhenge,MA Yuanliang,TU Qingping et al.Theory of passive localization for underwater sources based on acoustic ray modeling.Chinese Journal of Acoustics,1997;16(3):250-259
25 Faran J J.Sound scattering by solid cylinders and spheres.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1951; 23:405—418
26张培珍,王朔中,王润田,陈云飞,王露贤.修正一阶Born近似改进水中弱散射目标的散射声场预报.声学学报,2014; 39(3):331-338