婚姻满意度、婚姻冲突与主观幸福感——上海市不同生育状况“80后”家庭的比较研究
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摘要
基于复旦大学2012-2013年上海市"80后"大规模抽样入户调查数据,探讨不同子女数量"80后"家庭婚姻满意度与婚姻冲突对主观幸福感的影响。研究发现:无孩群体主观幸福感只受到婚姻满意度的正向影响,一孩群体主观幸福感同时受到婚姻满意度与婚姻冲突的显著影响,二孩群体主观幸福感则只受到婚姻冲突的负向影响,即随着子女数量的增加,婚姻满意度、婚姻冲突对主观幸福感的影响效应呈现出明显的从婚姻满意度向婚姻冲突转移的趋势。子女数量与幸福感并不是线性关系,一孩群体主观幸福感最强,二孩群体最低,无孩群体居中。由于二孩群体婚姻冲突的程度显著高于无孩与一孩群体,同时二孩群体主观幸福感只受到婚姻冲突的影响,导致婚姻冲突显著降低了二孩群体的主观幸福感水平。
From 2012 to 2013,Fudan University conducted a large-scale household sample survey of"post-80 s"in Shanghai city. Based on the survey data,this paper explores the influence of marital satisfaction and marital conflict on subjective well-being in "post-80 s"families with different number of children. According to the findings,for the groups without child,the subjective well-being is only positively influenced by marital satisfaction; for the groups with one child,the subjective well-being is significantly influenced by marital satisfaction and marital conflict simultaneously; for the groups with two children,the subjective well-being is only negatively influenced by marital conflict. With increase in number of children,the influencing effects of marital satisfaction and marital conflict on subjective wellbeing have presented the significant transfer trend from marital satisfaction to marital conflict. There is no linear relationship between number of children and subjective well-being. The groups with one child have the highest subjective well-being; the groups with two children havethe lowest subjective well-being; the groups without child are in the middle. For the groups with two children,the level of marital conflict is significantly higher than groups without child and groups with one children,meanwhile the subjective well-being is only influenced by marital conflict,hence the inhibitory effect of marital conflict should significantly reduce their level of subjective well-being.
From 2012 to 2013,Fudan University conducted a large-scale household sample survey of"post-80 s"in Shanghai city. Based on the survey data,this paper explores the influence of marital satisfaction and marital conflict on subjective well-being in "post-80 s"families with different number of children. According to the findings,for the groups without child,the subjective well-being is only positively influenced by marital satisfaction; for the groups with one child,the subjective well-being is significantly influenced by marital satisfaction and marital conflict simultaneously; for the groups with two children,the subjective well-being is only negatively influenced by marital conflict. With increase in number of children,the influencing effects of marital satisfaction and marital conflict on subjective wellbeing have presented the significant transfer trend from marital satisfaction to marital conflict. There is no linear relationship between number of children and subjective well-being. The groups with one child have the highest subjective well-being; the groups with two children havethe lowest subjective well-being; the groups without child are in the middle. For the groups with two children,the level of marital conflict is significantly higher than groups without child and groups with one children,meanwhile the subjective well-being is only influenced by marital conflict,hence the inhibitory effect of marital conflict should significantly reduce their level of subjective well-being.
引文
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杜夏、陈卫、杜娟, 2002,《中国高龄老人养老与生活状况的影响因素—对子女数量和性别作用的检验》,《中国人口科学》第6期。
方福前、吕文慧, 2009,《中国城镇居民福利水平影响因素分析——基于阿马蒂亚·森的能力方法和结构方程模型》,《管理世界》第4期。
耿德伟, 2013,《多子多福?——子女数量对父母健康的影响》,《南方人口》第3期。
刘晶, 2004,《子女数对农村高龄老人养老及生活状况的影响》,《中国人口科学》第S1期。
穆峥、谢宇, 2014,《生育对父母主观幸福感的影响》,《社会学研究》第6期。
苏萍, 2007,《幸福的社会影响因素——分析2003年中国综合社会调查》,《青年研究》第7期。
王钦池, 2015,《生育行为如何影响幸福感》,《人口学刊》第4期。
徐安琪、叶文振, 1998,《婚姻质量》,《中国社会科学》第1期。
张川川, 2011,《子女数量对已婚女性劳动供给和工资的影响》,《人口与经济》第5期。
张锦涛、方晓义, 2011,《夫妻对沟通模式感知差异与双方婚姻质量的关系》,《中国临床心理学杂志》第3期。
郑振华、陈鸿、彭希哲、杨柳, 2018,《中国“80后”群体的主观幸福感研究——相对优势群体与相对劣势群体的“幸福悖论”及其解释》,《人口与经济》第4期。
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Baranowska, A. & A. Matysiak 2011, “Does Parenthood Increase Happiness? Evidence for Poland.” Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 9(1).
Blanchflower D. G. & A. J. Oswald 2000, “Well-being over Time in Britain and the USA.” Journal of Public Economics 88(7).
Carr, D., V. A. Freedman & J. C. Cornman et al. 2014, “Happy Marriage, Happy Life? Marital Quality and Subjective Well-Being in Later Life.” Journal of Marriage and Family 76(5).
Catarina, S. & F. Lino 2008, “The Problem of Immigration and Contemporary Spanish Detective Fiction.” Aoyama Journal of Economics 6(2).
Chapman, B. & C. Guven 2016, “Revisiting the Relationship Between Marriage and Wellbeing: Does Marriage Quality Matter?” Journal of Happiness Studies 17(2).
Cohn, D. A. & A. Others 2016, “Working Models of Childhood Attachment and Marital Relationships.” Journal of Family Issues 13(4).
Diener, E. 1984, “Subjective Well-Being.” Psychological Bulletin 95(3).
Doss, B. D., G. K. Rhoades & S. M. Stanley et al. 2009, “Marital Therapy, Retreats, and Books: The Who, What, When, and Why of Relationship Help-Seeking.” Journal of Marital & Family Therapy 35(1).
Dush, C. M. K. & M. G. Taylor 2012, “Trajectories of Marital Conflict across the Life Course: Predictors and Interactions with Marital Happiness Trajectories.” Journal of Family Issues 33(3).
Easterlin, R. A. 2001, “Income and Happiness: Toward a Unified Theory.” Economic Journal 111(473).
Feldman, H. & M. Feldman 1975, “The Family Life Cycle: Some Suggestions for Recycling.” Journal of Marriage & Family 37(2).
Fincham, F. D. 2010, “Marital Conflict: Correlates, Structure, and Context.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 12(1).
Glenn, N. D. 1975, “The Contribution of Marriage to the Psychological Well-being of Males and Females.” Journal of Marriage & Family 37(3).
Ito, Y., J. Sagara & M. Ikeda 2004, “Marital Relationship, Occupational Life, and Subjective Well-being of Married People.” Shinrigaku Kenkyu 75(5).
Johnson, D. R., L. K. White & J. N. Edwards et al. 1986, “Dimensions of Marital Quality toward Methodological and Conceptual Refinement.” Journal of Family Issues 7(1).
Karney, B. R. & T. N. Bradbury 1995. “The Longitudinal Course of Marital Quality and Stability: A Review of Theory, Method, and Research.” Psychological Bulletin 118(1).
Kohler, H. P., J. R. Behrman & A. Skytthe 2005, “Partner + Children = Happiness? The Effects of Partnerships and Fertility on Well-Being.” Population & Development Review 31(3).
Mackey, R. A., M. A. Diemer & B. A. O'Brien 2000, “Conflict-management Styles of Spouses in Lasting Marriages.” Psychotherapy Theory Research Practice Training 37(37).
Marcaurelle, R., C. Bélanger & A. Marchand 2003, “Marital Relationship and the Treatment of Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia: A Critical Review.” Clinical Psychology Review 23(2).
Mclanahan, S. & J. Adams 1987, “Parenthood and Psychological Well-Being.” Annual Review of Sociology 13(13).
Patrick, H., C. R. Knee, A. Canevello & C. Lonsbary 2007, “The Role of Need Fulfillment in Relationship Functioning and Well-being: A self-determination Theory Perspective.” Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 92(3).
Pushkar, D., D. Bye & M. Conway et al. 2014, “Does Child Gender Predict Older Parents' Well-being? ” Social Indicators Research 118(1).
Rosen-Grandon, J. R., J. E. Myers & J. A. Hattie 2011, “The Relationship between Marital Characteristics, Marital Interaction Processes, and Marital Satisfaction.” Journal of Counseling & Development 82(1).
Senik, C. 2002, “When Information Dominates Comparison: A Panel Data Analysis Using Russian Subjective Data.” Social Science Electronic Publishing 88(3).
Siffert, A. & B. Schwarz 2011, “Spouses' Demand and Withdrawal During Marital Conflict in Relation to Their Subjective Well-being.” Journal of Social & Personal Relationships 28(2).
Stutzer, A. 2004. “The Role of Income Aspirations in Individual Happiness.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 854(1).
崔丽娟, 1995,《老年人夫妻关系及影响因素的研究》,《心理科学第》第4期。
杜夏、陈卫、杜娟, 2002,《中国高龄老人养老与生活状况的影响因素—对子女数量和性别作用的检验》,《中国人口科学》第6期。
方福前、吕文慧, 2009,《中国城镇居民福利水平影响因素分析——基于阿马蒂亚·森的能力方法和结构方程模型》,《管理世界》第4期。
耿德伟, 2013,《多子多福?——子女数量对父母健康的影响》,《南方人口》第3期。
刘晶, 2004,《子女数对农村高龄老人养老及生活状况的影响》,《中国人口科学》第S1期。
穆峥、谢宇, 2014,《生育对父母主观幸福感的影响》,《社会学研究》第6期。
苏萍, 2007,《幸福的社会影响因素——分析2003年中国综合社会调查》,《青年研究》第7期。
王钦池, 2015,《生育行为如何影响幸福感》,《人口学刊》第4期。
徐安琪、叶文振, 1998,《婚姻质量》,《中国社会科学》第1期。
张川川, 2011,《子女数量对已婚女性劳动供给和工资的影响》,《人口与经济》第5期。
张锦涛、方晓义, 2011,《夫妻对沟通模式感知差异与双方婚姻质量的关系》,《中国临床心理学杂志》第3期。
郑振华、陈鸿、彭希哲、杨柳, 2018,《中国“80后”群体的主观幸福感研究——相对优势群体与相对劣势群体的“幸福悖论”及其解释》,《人口与经济》第4期。
Aassve, A., A. Goisis & M. Sironi 2012, “Happiness and Childbearing Across Europe.” Social Indicators Research 108(1).
Baranowska, A. & A. Matysiak 2011, “Does Parenthood Increase Happiness? Evidence for Poland.” Vienna Yearbook of Population Research 9(1).
Blanchflower D. G. & A. J. Oswald 2000, “Well-being over Time in Britain and the USA.” Journal of Public Economics 88(7).
Carr, D., V. A. Freedman & J. C. Cornman et al. 2014, “Happy Marriage, Happy Life? Marital Quality and Subjective Well-Being in Later Life.” Journal of Marriage and Family 76(5).
Catarina, S. & F. Lino 2008, “The Problem of Immigration and Contemporary Spanish Detective Fiction.” Aoyama Journal of Economics 6(2).
Chapman, B. & C. Guven 2016, “Revisiting the Relationship Between Marriage and Wellbeing: Does Marriage Quality Matter?” Journal of Happiness Studies 17(2).
Cohn, D. A. & A. Others 2016, “Working Models of Childhood Attachment and Marital Relationships.” Journal of Family Issues 13(4).
Diener, E. 1984, “Subjective Well-Being.” Psychological Bulletin 95(3).
Doss, B. D., G. K. Rhoades & S. M. Stanley et al. 2009, “Marital Therapy, Retreats, and Books: The Who, What, When, and Why of Relationship Help-Seeking.” Journal of Marital & Family Therapy 35(1).
Dush, C. M. K. & M. G. Taylor 2012, “Trajectories of Marital Conflict across the Life Course: Predictors and Interactions with Marital Happiness Trajectories.” Journal of Family Issues 33(3).
Easterlin, R. A. 2001, “Income and Happiness: Toward a Unified Theory.” Economic Journal 111(473).
Feldman, H. & M. Feldman 1975, “The Family Life Cycle: Some Suggestions for Recycling.” Journal of Marriage & Family 37(2).
Fincham, F. D. 2010, “Marital Conflict: Correlates, Structure, and Context.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 12(1).
Glenn, N. D. 1975, “The Contribution of Marriage to the Psychological Well-being of Males and Females.” Journal of Marriage & Family 37(3).
Ito, Y., J. Sagara & M. Ikeda 2004, “Marital Relationship, Occupational Life, and Subjective Well-being of Married People.” Shinrigaku Kenkyu 75(5).
Johnson, D. R., L. K. White & J. N. Edwards et al. 1986, “Dimensions of Marital Quality toward Methodological and Conceptual Refinement.” Journal of Family Issues 7(1).
Karney, B. R. & T. N. Bradbury 1995. “The Longitudinal Course of Marital Quality and Stability: A Review of Theory, Method, and Research.” Psychological Bulletin 118(1).
Kohler, H. P., J. R. Behrman & A. Skytthe 2005, “Partner + Children = Happiness? The Effects of Partnerships and Fertility on Well-Being.” Population & Development Review 31(3).
Mackey, R. A., M. A. Diemer & B. A. O'Brien 2000, “Conflict-management Styles of Spouses in Lasting Marriages.” Psychotherapy Theory Research Practice Training 37(37).
Marcaurelle, R., C. Bélanger & A. Marchand 2003, “Marital Relationship and the Treatment of Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia: A Critical Review.” Clinical Psychology Review 23(2).
Mclanahan, S. & J. Adams 1987, “Parenthood and Psychological Well-Being.” Annual Review of Sociology 13(13).
Patrick, H., C. R. Knee, A. Canevello & C. Lonsbary 2007, “The Role of Need Fulfillment in Relationship Functioning and Well-being: A self-determination Theory Perspective.” Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 92(3).
Pushkar, D., D. Bye & M. Conway et al. 2014, “Does Child Gender Predict Older Parents' Well-being? ” Social Indicators Research 118(1).
Rosen-Grandon, J. R., J. E. Myers & J. A. Hattie 2011, “The Relationship between Marital Characteristics, Marital Interaction Processes, and Marital Satisfaction.” Journal of Counseling & Development 82(1).
Senik, C. 2002, “When Information Dominates Comparison: A Panel Data Analysis Using Russian Subjective Data.” Social Science Electronic Publishing 88(3).
Siffert, A. & B. Schwarz 2011, “Spouses' Demand and Withdrawal During Marital Conflict in Relation to Their Subjective Well-being.” Journal of Social & Personal Relationships 28(2).
Stutzer, A. 2004. “The Role of Income Aspirations in Individual Happiness.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 854(1).