我国云杉扦插繁殖技术研究进展
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摘要
云杉属树种早期生长缓慢,实生种子园和无性系种子园良种进程缓慢,严重影响经济效益和遗传改良进程。随着无性繁殖技术的快速发展,推行无性系选择和利用成为云杉新的遗传改良方向。传统的育种方法获得了很多云杉优良无性系,因此需要用高效扦插繁殖育苗技术来扩繁这些优良无性系。云杉属树种属于愈伤组织难生根型树种,受多种内外因素的影响,本文综述了我国不同云杉遗传材料、采穗母株生理年龄、采穗时间、采穗部位和外界环境条件等多种因素对云杉扦插生根效率的影响,这对构建云杉规模化扦插繁殖技术体系和促进云杉优良无性系良种化和规模化示范应用具有重要意义。
The slow seedlings growth,seed orchard and clonal seed orchard process of Picea are the primary problemsin seedling production,which seriously affect economic benefit and genetic improvement process of Picea. With the rapiddevelopment of cloning technology,the genetic improvement direction of Picea clonal selection and using were introduced. Conventional breeding programs have generated a considerable number of excellent clones,but more efficient cuttingtechniques are required for mass propagation. Nevertheless,spruces belongs to the callus rooting species as its roots initiatefrom a callus;thus,rooting is relatively more difficult than species that root from bark,which is affected by a variety ofinternal and external factors. This paper summarized the effects of different spruce genetic material,physiological conditionsof the stock plants,time and place of cutting collection,and environmental conditions on the efficiency of the sprucecuttings rooting,which is benefit for establishing an optimum cutting propagation scheme for spruces to produce more eliteclone plants for clonal forestry.
The slow seedlings growth,seed orchard and clonal seed orchard process of Picea are the primary problemsin seedling production,which seriously affect economic benefit and genetic improvement process of Picea. With the rapiddevelopment of cloning technology,the genetic improvement direction of Picea clonal selection and using were introduced. Conventional breeding programs have generated a considerable number of excellent clones,but more efficient cuttingtechniques are required for mass propagation. Nevertheless,spruces belongs to the callus rooting species as its roots initiatefrom a callus;thus,rooting is relatively more difficult than species that root from bark,which is affected by a variety ofinternal and external factors. This paper summarized the effects of different spruce genetic material,physiological conditionsof the stock plants,time and place of cutting collection,and environmental conditions on the efficiency of the sprucecuttings rooting,which is benefit for establishing an optimum cutting propagation scheme for spruces to produce more eliteclone plants for clonal forestry.
引文
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[2]Bentzer B G.Rooting and early shoot characteristics of Picea abies(L.)Karst.cuttings originating from shoots with enforced vertical growth[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,1988,3(1-4):481-491.
[3]Kleinschmit J,Schmidt J.Experiences with Picea abies cutting propagation in Germany and problems connected with large scale application[J].Silvae Genetica,1997,26:5-6.
[4]Meier-Dinkel A,Kleinschmit J.Aging in tree species:present knowledge[M]//Plant Aging.Springer,Boston,MA,1990:51-63.
[5]Hannerz M,Almqvist C,Ekberg I.Rooting success of cuttings from young Picea abies in transition to flowering competent phase[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,1999,14(6):498-504.
[6]Dekker-Robertson D L,Kleinschmit J.Serial propagation in Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.):results from later propagation cycles[J].Silvae genetica,1991,40(5-6):202-214.
[7]Dietrichson J.Ortet selection of Norway spruce at age seven,and ramet performance after six propagation cycles[J].Rapporter och uppsatser.Research notes-Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Institutionen for skogsgenetik,1981,32:57-64.
[8]Dormling I,Kellerstam H.Rooting and rejuvenation in propagating old Norway spruce by cuttings[J].Rapporter och uppsatser.Research notes-Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet Institutionen for skogsgenetik,1981,32:65-72.
[9]Eranclet.Rajieunisscment et Micropropergation des Ligneux.In Colloque International Sur La Culture.In Vitro des Essences Forestiere.Pro.of and IUFRO Meeting.Fontainebleau,1982:55-64.
[10]Skroppa T,Dietrichson J.Genetic variation and ortet/ramet relationships in a clonal test with Picea abies.[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2008,1(1-4):323-332.
[11]王军辉,张守攻,马常耕,等.云杉强化育苗技术的研究现状和展望[J].浙江农林大学学报,2005,22(3):350-354.
[12]金明洙,崔永林,朴光日.无性系林业的实用化现状[J].延边大学农学学报,2004,26(1):20-26.
[13]王清华.4种云杉扦插育苗试验初报[J].林业科技,2008,33(5):6-7.
[14]董健.4个国外引进树种扦插试验初报[J].辽宁林业科技,1999(4):6-8.
[15]段昌盛,张守攻,王军辉,等.3种云杉嫩枝扦插生根特性的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(6):59-61.
[16]安三平,王丽芳,石红,等.蓝云杉不同品种扦插生根能力和生根特性研究[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(4):512-516.
[17]王军辉,张建国,张守攻,等.丽江云杉硬枝扦插繁殖技术与生根特性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006 a,34(11):97-101.
[18]王军辉,张建国,张守攻,等.几种因素对川西云杉扦插繁殖生根的影响[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2007,31(1):51-54.
[19]胡勐鸿,欧阳芳群,贾子瑞,等.欧洲云杉扦插生根影响因子研究与生根力优良单株选择[J].林业科学,2014,50(2):42-49.
[20]Kang J,Zhao W,Zhao M,et al.The type,position and age effect on the cutting reproduction of Picea crassifolia and its rooting mechanism in the Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2015,26(4):993-1002.
[21]王军辉,张建国,张守攻,等.青海云杉硬枝扦插的激素、年龄和位置效应[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006 b,34(7):65-71.
[22]崔文山,尤文忠,黄国学,等.黑云杉嫩枝扦插育苗技术的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(5):348-351.
[23]董健,黄国学,吴月亮,等.欧洲云杉嫩枝扦插育苗技术.东北林业大学学报[J].2001,29(4):57-59.
[24]胡勐鸿,张宋智,马建伟,等.欧洲云杉扦插繁殖技术研究[J].陕西林业科技,2008,(4):20-24.
[25]靳景春,胡勐鸿,张宋智,等.欧洲云杉扦插生根特性的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(5):70-73.
[26]王美琴,石红,杨炜,等.插条效应对3个云杉树种的扦插育苗对比试验[J].甘肃林业科技,2011,36(1):28-31.
[27]任建中,赵健康,郑智礼.云杉扦插试验研究[J].东北林业大学学报,1997,25(3):68-70.
[28]俞顺丽.欧洲云杉扦插育苗的关键技术[J].安徽林业科技,2010(Z1):91-91.
[29]周英,安兴林,海米提.雪岭云杉扦插成活影响因素分析[J].中国林业,2009,9:57.
[30]陈国欣,师敏.天山云杉扦插育苗试验研究[J].西北林学院学报,1999,14(2):19-23.
[31]马建伟,安三平,杨炜,等.欧洲云杉的扦插基质选择和穗条效应研究[J].广西植物,2011 a,31(4):479-484.
[32]胡勐鸿,欧阳芳群,贾子瑞,等.不同穗条类型、长度的欧洲云杉扦插苗质量评价[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(6):919-925.
[33]Ou Yang F Q,Wang J,Li Y.Effects of cutting size and exogenous hormone treatment on rooting of shoot cuttings in Norway spruce[Picea abies(L.)Karst.][J].New forests,2015,46(1):91-105.
[34]赵丽惠,张兴祥,彭冬梅,等.红皮云杉扦插繁殖技术[J].东北林业大学学报,1997,25(1):15-18.
[35]徐云岭,阎金轮.GGR对红皮云杉插穗的影响[J].中国林副特产,2007,86(1):28-29.
[36]陈国欣,陈静梅,陶永海,等.天山云杉大龄母株穗条扦插试验[J].林业实用技术,1996(1):22-23.
[37]师晨娟,刘勇,胡长寿.青海云杉硬枝扦插繁殖研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2002,24(2):259-263.
[38]师晨娟,刘勇,王春城,等.青海云杉扦插的年龄效应及其生根机理研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2006,34(12):101-104.
[39]师晨娟.青海云杉扦插繁殖技术与生根机理研究[D].北京林业大学,2002.
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