漏斗状覆膜对不同密度新疆杨生长及光合特性的影响
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摘要
以晋北半干旱风沙区为研究区域,采用漏斗状覆膜技术造林,探讨覆膜对不同密度(株行距分别为2m×2m、3m×3m、4m×4m、4m×6m)新疆杨生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明,漏斗状覆膜技术对不同密度新疆杨生长和光合特性有显著影响(P<0.05),2m×2m密度的新疆杨生长性状和光合特性表现最优,不同密度的树高、胸径、当年生长量、成活率、叶绿素含量、净光合速率表现出随密度减小而递减的规律,相关分析显示树高、胸径与净光合速率的相关系数分别为0.991、0.863,与叶绿素含量的相关系数分别为0.858、0.584。综合分析结果,在晋北半干旱风沙区,覆膜面积所占比例显著影响树木的成活与生长,新疆杨初植密度为2m×2m且漏斗状覆膜效果最佳。
Taking the semi-arid sandy region of northern Shanxi Province as research area,the effects of funnel-shaped film mulching on the growth and photosynthesis of Populus bolleana seedlings with different planting densities(2×2,3×3,4×4,and 4 m×6 m)were examined.Significant influences(P<0.05)were observed.The growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics were the best in the density of 2 m×2 m.The tree height(H),diameters at breast height(DBH),annual growth,survival rate,chlorophyll content(ChlC)and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased with the decrease of planting density.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients were 0.991(between H and Pn),0.863(DBH and Pn),0.858(H and ChlC),0.584(DBH and ChlC),respectively.Over all,the proportion of film mulching significantly affected the survival and growth of P.bolleana,and the initial density of 2 m×2 mwith funnel-shaped film mulching was suggested in semi-arid sandy area of Northern Shanxi Province.
Taking the semi-arid sandy region of northern Shanxi Province as research area,the effects of funnel-shaped film mulching on the growth and photosynthesis of Populus bolleana seedlings with different planting densities(2×2,3×3,4×4,and 4 m×6 m)were examined.Significant influences(P<0.05)were observed.The growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics were the best in the density of 2 m×2 m.The tree height(H),diameters at breast height(DBH),annual growth,survival rate,chlorophyll content(ChlC)and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)decreased with the decrease of planting density.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients were 0.991(between H and Pn),0.863(DBH and Pn),0.858(H and ChlC),0.584(DBH and ChlC),respectively.Over all,the proportion of film mulching significantly affected the survival and growth of P.bolleana,and the initial density of 2 m×2 mwith funnel-shaped film mulching was suggested in semi-arid sandy area of Northern Shanxi Province.
引文
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[22]叶桂梅,马海林,杜振宇,等.不同覆膜方式对杨树光合特性及生长的影响[J].山东林业科技,2014,4(2):29-32.
[2]王涛,温俊宝,许志春,等.新疆杨不同混交模式对天牛危害和林木生长的影响[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(4):504-508.
[3]蔡进军,李宝生,蒋齐,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区典型抗旱造林整地技术集流效果研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(5):127-130.
[4]KADER M A,SENGE M,MOJID M A,et al.Effects of plastic-hole mulching on effective rainfall and readily available soil moisture under soybean(Glycine max)cultivation[J].Paddy Water Environ,2017,15:659-668.
[5]王力刚,李峰,王炜烨,等.黑龙江西部地表覆盖保墒的抗旱造林技术[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(2):147-154.
[6]张德奇,廖永成,贾志宽,等.旱区地膜覆盖技术的研究进展及发展前景[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):208-213.ZHANG D Q,LIAO Y C,JIA Z K,et al.Research advances and prospects of film mulching in arid and semi-arid areas[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(1):208-213.(in Chinese)
[7] KWABIAH A.Growth and yield of sweet corn(Zea mays L.)cultivars in response to planting date and plastic mulch in a short-season environment[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2004,102(2):147-166.
[8]韩艳英,叶彦辉,张昆林,等.不同造林技术措施对藏川杨生理生化特性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(6):101-104.HAN Y Y,YE Y H,ZHANG K L,et al.Effects of different afforestation technique on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Populus szechuanica var.tibetica[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(6):101-104.(in Chinese)
[9]马成才.辽宁沙质海岸不同覆膜处理对油松造林地土壤物理性质及幼树生长状况的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[10]吴佳,孙丙寅,王敏.地面覆盖对花椒林生理生态效应的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2005,20(4):27-30.WU J,SUN B Y,WANG M,et al.The ecological and physiological effect of different ground covering in Zanthoxylum bungeanumforest[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2005,20(4):27-30.(in Chinese)
[11]李银芳,潘伯荣,刘力,等.覆膜增温对沙枣树产胶的增产作用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(10):112-116.LI Y F,PAN B R,LIU L,et al.Effect of temperature increase caused by plastic film mulching on the gum yield for Elaeagnus angustifolia[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(10):112-116.(in Chinese)
[12] MUOZ K,SCHMIDT-HEYDT M,STOLL D,et al.Effect of plastic mulching on mycotoxin occurrence and mycobiome abundance in soil samples from asparagus crops[J].Mycotoxin Research,2015,31:191-201.
[13] LIU X H,HE B L,LIU X,et al.The soil water dynamics and hydraulic processes of crops with plastic film mulching in terraced dryland fields on the Loess Plateau[J].Environ Earth Sciences,2016,75:809.
[14] HOU F Y,ZHANG L M,XIE B T,et al.Effect of plastic mulching on the photosynthetic capacity,endogenous hormones and root yield of summer-sown sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L).Lam.)in Northern China[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2015,37(8):1-10.
[15]井大炜.不同栽培措施对欧美I-107杨的增长效应及作用机理研究[D].济南:山东农业大学,2013.
[16]张敬敏.调控措施对高产杨树的生长代谢及土壤条件的影响[D].济南:山东农业大学,2011.
[17] LIU J L,CHEN X P,ZHAN A,et al.Methane uptake in semiarid farmland subjected to different mulching and nitrogen fertilization regimes[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2016,11:29-41.
[18]江锡兵,宋跃朋,马开峰,等.杨树杂种无性系生长与光合生理遗传变异研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(9):1779-1785.JIANG X B,SONG Y P,MA K F,et al.Genetic variation of growth traits and photosynthetic physiology of Populus hybrid clones[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(9):1779-1785.(in Chinese)
[19]党亚玲,韩炜,张娅,等.西北干旱区五叶地锦在交通环境下的光合特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(1):78-83.DANG Y L,HAN W,ZHANG Y,et al.Effects of traffic on photosynthetic of Parthenocissus quinque foliain arid region of Northwestern China[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(1):78-83.(in Chinese)
[20] FANG S Z,XIE B D,LIU D,et al.Effects of mulching materials on nitrogen mineralization,nitrogen availability and Poplar growth on degraded agricultural soil[J].New Forests,2011,41:147-162.
[21]井大炜.不同覆膜方式对杨树林下土壤物理性状及呼吸速率的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(2):38-42.JING D W.Effects of different plastic film mulching on soil physical properties and respiration rate of Poplar forest[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,34(2):38-42.(in Chinese)
[22]叶桂梅,马海林,杜振宇,等.不同覆膜方式对杨树光合特性及生长的影响[J].山东林业科技,2014,4(2):29-32.