高炉炉缸侵蚀特征及侵蚀原因探析
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摘要
为了探析高炉炉缸侵蚀特征及其共性原因,基于京唐1号高炉和通才3号高炉的现场数据,分别计算了炉缸侧壁炭砖残余厚度和死料柱漂浮高度,明确了炉缸炭砖的侵蚀原因,证实了炉缸炭砖的侵蚀部位。结果表明,当死料柱透气性变差时,炉底温度逐渐降低,铁水环流加重,造成了耐火材料的异常侵蚀;由京唐1号高炉死料柱根部位置和炭砖侵蚀位置的关系,证实了死料柱根部对应炭砖易受到异常侵蚀,即铁口中心线下方1~3 m。由于死料柱物理状态和漂浮状态随生产参数和高炉状态的变化而变化,因此侵蚀部位也随之变化,故应稳定原燃料条件及生产参数,并建立死料柱漂浮高度和炭砖残余厚度的实时监测机制,从而保证高炉安全生产,实现高炉长寿。
To further study erosion characteristics of carbon brick and common causes of lining erosion of blast furnace hearth,two domestic blast furnaces were investigated and the situations were analyzed. Based on the field data,the thickness of the hearth and the floating height of dead man were calculated,respectively. The root cause of erosion of hearth was identified,and the location of the erosion has been determined. The results showed that when the permeability of the dead man becomes worse,the circulation of molten iron is aggravated,resulting in erosion of brick in the root of dead man. However,the floating height of dead man varies correspondingly with the practical production parameters. An example was given,which verified the location of the erosion of the blast furnace hearth within the 1-3 m range below the tap hole. The key to prolong the service lies in the stable raw materials supply,operation and establish of mechanism,a system to check monitoring the floating height of dead man and residual thickness of carbon brick.
To further study erosion characteristics of carbon brick and common causes of lining erosion of blast furnace hearth,two domestic blast furnaces were investigated and the situations were analyzed. Based on the field data,the thickness of the hearth and the floating height of dead man were calculated,respectively. The root cause of erosion of hearth was identified,and the location of the erosion has been determined. The results showed that when the permeability of the dead man becomes worse,the circulation of molten iron is aggravated,resulting in erosion of brick in the root of dead man. However,the floating height of dead man varies correspondingly with the practical production parameters. An example was given,which verified the location of the erosion of the blast furnace hearth within the 1-3 m range below the tap hole. The key to prolong the service lies in the stable raw materials supply,operation and establish of mechanism,a system to check monitoring the floating height of dead man and residual thickness of carbon brick.
引文
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[15]王刚,李爱锋,刘风军,等.高炉炉缸长寿智能管理系统的开发与应用[J].中国冶金,2016,26(4):43.(WANG Gang,LI Aifeng,LIU Feng-jun,et al.Development and application of intelligent management system for blast furnace hearth longevity[J].China Metallurgy,2016,26(4):43.)
[16]姜华,蔡九菊.在役高炉炉缸状态的辨析、诊断与维护[J].中国冶金,2015,25(11):33.(JIANG Hua,CAI Jiu-ju.Discrimination,diagnosis and maintenance for blast furnace hearth in service state[J].China Metallurgy,2015,25(11):33.)
[17]常治宇,张建良,宁晓钧,等.柳钢4号高炉侧壁温度升高与侵蚀状态分析[J].中国冶金,2018,28(6):13.(CHANG Zhiyu,ZHANG Jian-liang,NING Xiao-jun,et al.Analysis of temperature rise and erosion state on sidewall of No.4 BF in Liusteel[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(6):13.)
[18]张发辉.武钢4号高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀在线监测系统开发与应用[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2015.(ZHANG Fa-hui.The Development and Application of Online Monitoring System for Hearth and Bottom Erosion in No.4 Blast Furnace in WISCO[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2015.)
[19]陈良玉,王长森.高炉炉缸侵蚀多维诊断与结构安全评估[C]//2014钢铁冶金设备及工业炉窑节能长寿技术交流会论文集,山东:河北省冶金学会,2014:34.(CHEN Liang-yu,WANG Chang-sen.Multi-dimensional diagnosis and structural safety assessment of blast furnace hearth erosion[C]//2014 Proceedings of Energy Saving and Longevity Technical Conference of Iron and Steel Metallurgical Equipment and Industrial Furnaces.Shandong:Hebei Metallurgical Society,2014:34.)
[2]Jang D,Shin M,Oh J S,et al.Static holdup of liquid slag in carbonaceous beds[J].Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,2014,54(6):1251.
[3]Oh J S,Lee J.Composition-dependent reactive wetting of molten slag on coke substrates[J].Journal of Materials Science,2016,51(4):1.
[4]张建良,焦克新,刘征建,等.长寿高炉炉缸保护层综合调控技术[J].钢铁,2017,52(12):1.(ZHANG Jian-liang,JIAO Kexin,LIU Zheng-jian,et al.Comprehensive regulation technology for hearth protective layer of blast furnace longevity[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(12):1.)
[5]Lei S,Henrik S.Model of blast furnace hearth drainage[J].Steel Research International,2012,83(2):197.
[6]Brannbacka J,Saxen H.Model analysis of the operation of the blast furnace hearth with a sitting and floating dead man[J].Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,2003,43(10):1519.
[7]邓勇,张建良,焦克新.温度和铁水成分对炭砖溶解行为的影[J].钢铁,2018,53(5):25.(DENG Yong,ZHANG Jian-liang,JIAO Ke-xin.Effects of temperature and composition of molten iron on dissolution behavior of carbon brick[J].Iron and Steel,2018,53(5):25.
[8]JIAO Ke-xin,ZHANG Jian-liang,HOU Qin-fu,et al.Analysis of the relationship between productivity and hearth wall temperature of a commercial blast furnace and model prediction[J].Steel Research International,2017,88(9):160.
[9]LI Y L,CHENG S S,ZHANG P,et al.Sensitive influence of floating state of blast furnace deadman on molten iron flow and hearth erosion[J].ISIJ International,2015,55(11):2332.
[10]朱进锋,程树森,赵宏博,等.高炉炉缸死焦堆对渣滞留率的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,31(2):224.(ZHU Jinfeng,CHENG Shu-sen,ZHAO Hong-bo,et al.Effect of deadman state on the residual rate of slag in a blast furnace hearth[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009,31(2):224.
[11]朱进锋,赵宏博,程树森,等.高炉炉缸死焦堆受力分析与计算[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,31(7):906.(ZHU Jin-feng,ZHAO Hong-bo,CHENG Shu-sen,et al.Force analysis and calculation of deadman in a blast furnace hearth[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2009,31(7):906.)
[12]张卫东,任立军,沈海波,等.首钢京唐5 500 m3高炉长寿技术的应用[J].炼铁,2010,29(5):11.(ZHANG Wei-dong,REN Li-jun,SHEN Hai-bo.Application of long campaign technology in Shougang Jingtang 5 500 m3BF[J].Ironmaking,2010,29(5):11.)
[13]代兵,梁科,王学军,等.高炉合理鼓风动能与炉缸活性的关系[J].钢铁,2016,51(2):22.(DAI Bing,LIANG Ke,WANG Xue-jun,et al.Relationship between reasonable blast kinetic energy and hearth activity in blast furnace[J].Iron and Steel,2016,51(2):22.)
[14]DENG Y,ZHANG J L,JIAO K X.Residual thickness of carbon brick calculation model and systematic analysis of heat transfer[J].Metallurgical Research and Technology,2017,114(2):210.
[15]王刚,李爱锋,刘风军,等.高炉炉缸长寿智能管理系统的开发与应用[J].中国冶金,2016,26(4):43.(WANG Gang,LI Aifeng,LIU Feng-jun,et al.Development and application of intelligent management system for blast furnace hearth longevity[J].China Metallurgy,2016,26(4):43.)
[16]姜华,蔡九菊.在役高炉炉缸状态的辨析、诊断与维护[J].中国冶金,2015,25(11):33.(JIANG Hua,CAI Jiu-ju.Discrimination,diagnosis and maintenance for blast furnace hearth in service state[J].China Metallurgy,2015,25(11):33.)
[17]常治宇,张建良,宁晓钧,等.柳钢4号高炉侧壁温度升高与侵蚀状态分析[J].中国冶金,2018,28(6):13.(CHANG Zhiyu,ZHANG Jian-liang,NING Xiao-jun,et al.Analysis of temperature rise and erosion state on sidewall of No.4 BF in Liusteel[J].China Metallurgy,2018,28(6):13.)
[18]张发辉.武钢4号高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀在线监测系统开发与应用[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2015.(ZHANG Fa-hui.The Development and Application of Online Monitoring System for Hearth and Bottom Erosion in No.4 Blast Furnace in WISCO[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Science and Technology,2015.)
[19]陈良玉,王长森.高炉炉缸侵蚀多维诊断与结构安全评估[C]//2014钢铁冶金设备及工业炉窑节能长寿技术交流会论文集,山东:河北省冶金学会,2014:34.(CHEN Liang-yu,WANG Chang-sen.Multi-dimensional diagnosis and structural safety assessment of blast furnace hearth erosion[C]//2014 Proceedings of Energy Saving and Longevity Technical Conference of Iron and Steel Metallurgical Equipment and Industrial Furnaces.Shandong:Hebei Metallurgical Society,2014:34.)