灌水频率对紫花苜蓿耗水规律及产量的影响
|
摘要
为探究紫花苜蓿适宜的灌水频率,在温室模拟条件下进行试验,设定W_2(2天)、W_4(4天)、W_6(6天)、W_(10)(10天)和W_(15)(15天)5个灌水频率,试验结果表明:较高的灌水频率(W_4)利于0~40 cm土层有适宜的含水量,较低的灌水频率(W_6、W_(10)、W_(15))有利于40~100 cm土层含水量的提高;随着灌水频率的增加,苜蓿产量和水分利用效率先增加后降低,最高值均出现在W_4处理,显著高于W_2、W_(10)、W_(15)(P<0.05);耗水量随灌水频率的增加,呈先降低后增加的趋势,W15处理耗水量最高,显著高于W_4、W_6、W_(10)(P<0.05)。因此,W_4处理可以获得较高的苜蓿产量和适宜的土壤含水量,即4天1次的灌水频率为最佳处理。
To explore the effects of different irrigation frequencies on Medicago sativa water consumptionpattern, yield and water use efficiency, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the change ofMedicago sativa under five different irrigation frequencies, including 2, 4, 6, 10, 15 days. The results showedthat the yield and water use efficiency of Medicago sativa increased first and then decreased with the increaseof irrigation frequency, and the highest value appeared in the 4 days treatment, which was significantly higherthan that of 2, 10 and 15 days(P<0.05). Meanwhile, with the increase of irrigation frequency, waterconsumption dropped at first and rose later. The 15 days treatment had the highest water consumption,significantly higher than 4, 6 and 10 days(P<0.05). On the whole, the 4 days treatment was the optimaltreatment according to preliminary inference.
To explore the effects of different irrigation frequencies on Medicago sativa water consumptionpattern, yield and water use efficiency, a greenhouse experiment was carried out to study the change ofMedicago sativa under five different irrigation frequencies, including 2, 4, 6, 10, 15 days. The results showedthat the yield and water use efficiency of Medicago sativa increased first and then decreased with the increaseof irrigation frequency, and the highest value appeared in the 4 days treatment, which was significantly higherthan that of 2, 10 and 15 days(P<0.05). Meanwhile, with the increase of irrigation frequency, waterconsumption dropped at first and rose later. The 15 days treatment had the highest water consumption,significantly higher than 4, 6 and 10 days(P<0.05). On the whole, the 4 days treatment was the optimaltreatment according to preliminary inference.
引文
[1]曹红霞,康绍忠,何华.蒸发和灌水频率对土壤水分分布影响的研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):1-4.
[2]王小兵,李明思,何春燕.膜下高频滴灌棉花田间耗水规律的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2008,19(1):39-42.
[3]康绍忠,梁银丽,蔡焕杰.旱区水-土-作物关系及其最优调控原理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:34.
[4]Ghuman B S,Vemia S M,Prihar S S.Effect of application rate,initial soil wetness,and redistribution time on salt displacement by water[J].Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc,1975,39:7-10.
[5]郝新梅.不同灌水方式和灌溉制度下氮素运移规律的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,1999.
[6]弋鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,王一民,等.干旱区棉花膜下滴灌优化灌溉制度的试验研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):53-57.
[7]高龙,田富强,倪广恒,等.膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐分布特征及灌溉制度试验研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1483-1490.
[8]刘梅先,杨劲松,李晓明,等.膜下滴灌条件下滴水量和滴水频率对棉田土壤水分分布及水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3203-3210.
[9]张国利.不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿产量影响的对比[J].草业科学,2009,26(10):181-183.
[10]陈林,王磊,宋乃平,等.灌溉量和灌溉次数对紫花苜蓿耗水特性和生物量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):91-95.
[11]马令法,孙洪仁,魏臻武,等.坝上地区紫花苜蓿的需水量、需水强度和作物系数[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(2):116-120.
[12]张前兵,于磊,艾尼娃尔·艾合买提,等.新疆绿洲区不同灌溉方式及灌溉量下苜蓿田间土壤水分运移特征[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(2):68-74.
[13]陶雪,苏德荣,寇丹,等.西北旱区灌溉方式对苜蓿生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):114-120.
[14]陶雪,苏德荣,寇丹,等.西北旱区不同灌溉方式对苜蓿光合特性和产草量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(4):35-41.
[15]孙洪仁,刘国荣,张英俊,等.紫花苜蓿的需水量、耗水量、需水强度、耗水强度和水分利用效率研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(12):24-30.
[16]王田涛,师尚礼,张恩和,等.灌溉与施氮对紫花苜蓿土壤水分动态和耗水强度的影响[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(1):1-7.
[17]马兴祥,尹东,蒋菊芳,等.灌溉地不同人工牧草草地土壤水分及生长特征变化[J].草原与草坪,2009,02:62-67.
[18]吴争光,虎胆·吐马尔白,张金珠,等.不同灌水频率棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2009,32(4):50-54.
[19]隋娟,龚时宏,王建东,等.滴灌灌水频率对土壤水热分布和夏玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):148-152.
[20]张恩慧,马勇斌,程永安,等.灌水频率对甘蓝抗病性及品质和产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(8):138-142.
[21]万书勤,康跃虎,刘士平.华北平原滴灌灌溉频率对萝卜生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):26-30.
[22]弋鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,等.棉田膜下滴灌年限对土壤盐分累积的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):118-122.
[23]刘国利,何树斌,杨惠敏.紫花苜蓿水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应及其机理[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):207-213.
[24]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014(5):1161-1167.
[2]王小兵,李明思,何春燕.膜下高频滴灌棉花田间耗水规律的试验研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2008,19(1):39-42.
[3]康绍忠,梁银丽,蔡焕杰.旱区水-土-作物关系及其最优调控原理[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:34.
[4]Ghuman B S,Vemia S M,Prihar S S.Effect of application rate,initial soil wetness,and redistribution time on salt displacement by water[J].Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc,1975,39:7-10.
[5]郝新梅.不同灌水方式和灌溉制度下氮素运移规律的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,1999.
[6]弋鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,王一民,等.干旱区棉花膜下滴灌优化灌溉制度的试验研究[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):53-57.
[7]高龙,田富强,倪广恒,等.膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐分布特征及灌溉制度试验研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(12):1483-1490.
[8]刘梅先,杨劲松,李晓明,等.膜下滴灌条件下滴水量和滴水频率对棉田土壤水分分布及水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3203-3210.
[9]张国利.不同灌溉量对紫花苜蓿产量影响的对比[J].草业科学,2009,26(10):181-183.
[10]陈林,王磊,宋乃平,等.灌溉量和灌溉次数对紫花苜蓿耗水特性和生物量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):91-95.
[11]马令法,孙洪仁,魏臻武,等.坝上地区紫花苜蓿的需水量、需水强度和作物系数[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(2):116-120.
[12]张前兵,于磊,艾尼娃尔·艾合买提,等.新疆绿洲区不同灌溉方式及灌溉量下苜蓿田间土壤水分运移特征[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(2):68-74.
[13]陶雪,苏德荣,寇丹,等.西北旱区灌溉方式对苜蓿生长及水分利用效率的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):114-120.
[14]陶雪,苏德荣,寇丹,等.西北旱区不同灌溉方式对苜蓿光合特性和产草量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(4):35-41.
[15]孙洪仁,刘国荣,张英俊,等.紫花苜蓿的需水量、耗水量、需水强度、耗水强度和水分利用效率研究[J].草业科学,2005,22(12):24-30.
[16]王田涛,师尚礼,张恩和,等.灌溉与施氮对紫花苜蓿土壤水分动态和耗水强度的影响[J].草原与草坪,2011,31(1):1-7.
[17]马兴祥,尹东,蒋菊芳,等.灌溉地不同人工牧草草地土壤水分及生长特征变化[J].草原与草坪,2009,02:62-67.
[18]吴争光,虎胆·吐马尔白,张金珠,等.不同灌水频率棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2009,32(4):50-54.
[19]隋娟,龚时宏,王建东,等.滴灌灌水频率对土壤水热分布和夏玉米产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(4):148-152.
[20]张恩慧,马勇斌,程永安,等.灌水频率对甘蓝抗病性及品质和产量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(8):138-142.
[21]万书勤,康跃虎,刘士平.华北平原滴灌灌溉频率对萝卜生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2003,22(2):26-30.
[22]弋鹏飞,虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,等.棉田膜下滴灌年限对土壤盐分累积的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(5):118-122.
[23]刘国利,何树斌,杨惠敏.紫花苜蓿水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应及其机理[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):207-213.
[24]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014(5):1161-1167.