控制灌溉对南疆水稻品种生长及产量的影响
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摘要
水稻在新疆农业生产发展中具有不可替代的重要地位。但水资源短缺已经严重影响了当地的水稻生产。以新稻11号和新粳2号为材料,比较分析了控制灌溉和常规灌溉条件下水稻的生长需水量、生理生化指标、农艺性状、产量及产量构成。结果表明,常规灌溉处理比控制灌溉处理的分蘖数高,但是最终有效分蘖数及成穗率要小于控制灌溉处理;控制灌溉比常规灌溉每667 m~2少灌水134.4 m~3,节水23.5%;新稻11号和新粳2号的产量控制灌溉处理比常规灌溉处理分别增产4.93%和4.42%,控制灌溉处理增产的原因在于其穗长、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重表现均比常规灌溉好。可见,水稻控制灌溉技术不仅可以节约大量水资源,还能提高水稻产量,实现节本增效的目的,对水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。
Rice plays an irreplaceable role in the development of agricultural production in Xinjiang.However,the shortage of water resources has seriously affected rice production.The water demand,physiological and biochemical indexes,agronomic characters,yield and yield components of rice under controlled irrigation and conventional irrigation conditions were compared and analyzed in this paper,using Xindao 11 and xingeng 2 as materials.The results showed that the tiller number of conventional irrigation treatment was higher than that of controlled irrigation treatment,however,in the mature stage,the eventually effective tiller number and earing rate were less than the controlled irrigation treatment;compared with conventional irrigation,controlled irrigation could save water134.4 m~3per 667 m~2;the yield of Xindao11 and Xingeng 2 under controlled irrigation was 4.93%and 4.42%higher than that under conventional irrigation,the reason of controlled irrigation to increase yield is it has better spike length,grain number per spike,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight than conventional irrigation.Rice controlled irrigation technology can not only save water resources,but also improve rice yield,achieve cost-saving and efficiency,which is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of water resources.
Rice plays an irreplaceable role in the development of agricultural production in Xinjiang.However,the shortage of water resources has seriously affected rice production.The water demand,physiological and biochemical indexes,agronomic characters,yield and yield components of rice under controlled irrigation and conventional irrigation conditions were compared and analyzed in this paper,using Xindao 11 and xingeng 2 as materials.The results showed that the tiller number of conventional irrigation treatment was higher than that of controlled irrigation treatment,however,in the mature stage,the eventually effective tiller number and earing rate were less than the controlled irrigation treatment;compared with conventional irrigation,controlled irrigation could save water134.4 m~3per 667 m~2;the yield of Xindao11 and Xingeng 2 under controlled irrigation was 4.93%and 4.42%higher than that under conventional irrigation,the reason of controlled irrigation to increase yield is it has better spike length,grain number per spike,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight than conventional irrigation.Rice controlled irrigation technology can not only save water resources,but also improve rice yield,achieve cost-saving and efficiency,which is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of water resources.
引文
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[8]程建平,曹凑贵,潘圣刚,等.不同灌溉方式下水稻产量性状相关性及通径分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(1):96-99.
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[10]杨丽敏.间歇灌溉对水稻生长发育及产量性状的影响[J].北方水稻,2008,38(3):68-69.
[11]刘艳,孙文涛,隽英华.控水对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(4):53-55.
[2]潘俊峰,钟旭华,黄农荣,等.近20年新疆水稻生产发展及影响因素分析[J].中国稻米,2017,23(3):22-27.
[3]布哈丽且木,张燕红,袁杰,等.新疆水稻育种研究进展[J].中国稻米,2015,21(6):41-44.
[4]魏玉波,布哈丽且木,梁乃亭.新疆水稻优质栽培技术[J].新疆农业科学,2002(5):307-309.
[5]何静,谭继忠,牟江鹏.水稻控制灌溉在鸡东灌区的推广应用[J].黑龙江水利科技,2008,36(3):186-186.
[6]蔡一霞,李洋,朱海涛,等.灌浆期亏缺灌溉对水稻产量形成的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(8):1 492-1 505.
[7]黄俊友,胡晓东,俞青荣.污水灌溉对水稻生长影响的实验研究[J].农机化研究,2006(1):177-179.
[8]程建平,曹凑贵,潘圣刚,等.不同灌溉方式下水稻产量性状相关性及通径分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(1):96-99.
[9]彭世彰,郝树荣,刘庆,等.节水灌溉水稻高产优质成因分析[J].灌溉排水学报,2000,19(3):3-7.
[10]杨丽敏.间歇灌溉对水稻生长发育及产量性状的影响[J].北方水稻,2008,38(3):68-69.
[11]刘艳,孙文涛,隽英华.控水对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(4):53-55.