一种采用纵向阻抗的变压器保护算法
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摘要
针对变压器差动保护需要通过二次谐波等算法来识别励磁涌流的问题,在纵向阻抗保护原理的基础上提出一种基于故障序分量的变压器保护算法。利用故障序分量纵向阻抗在内部故障小于变压器漏阻抗,在外部故障、空载合闸大于变压器漏阻抗的特点,算法能够可靠识别故障区域。在变压器空载合闸时依据输电系统中稳定的阻抗关系,可以有效抵御励磁涌流的影响,使得保护算法在空载合闸时可靠不动作。同时考虑区外故障电流互感器可能发生的各种饱和情况,算法能够正确识别故障区域,具有较强的抗干扰能力。通过在PSCAD中进行仿真试验,结果表明算法不受电流互感器饱和、励磁涌流的影响,具备较强的可靠性和抗干扰能力,拥有良好的工程应用前景。
In view of that problem that the differential protection of the transformer needs to identify excitation current through the algorithm of secondary harmonic and so on,a transformer protection algorithm based on the fault sequence component is put forward on the basis of the longitudinal impedance protection principle. The algorithm can reliably identify fault zone according to the characteristics that the longitudinal impedance fault sequence component in internal fault is less than the leakage impedance of transformer,and the external fault,no-load closing is greater than the transformer leakage impedance. It can effectively resist the influence of excitation current due to the stable impedance relation in the transmission system,so that it can be reliable with no-action when the power is no-load closing. Meanwhile,considering all the saturated conditions that can occur in the out-of-zone malfunctioning current transformer,the algorithm is able to correctly identify the fault area,and it has a strong anti-interference ability. Through simulation experiments in PSCAD,the results show that the algorithm is not affected by current transformer saturation and magnetizing inrush current,and has strong reliability and anti-interference ability,which has good engineering application prospects.
In view of that problem that the differential protection of the transformer needs to identify excitation current through the algorithm of secondary harmonic and so on,a transformer protection algorithm based on the fault sequence component is put forward on the basis of the longitudinal impedance protection principle. The algorithm can reliably identify fault zone according to the characteristics that the longitudinal impedance fault sequence component in internal fault is less than the leakage impedance of transformer,and the external fault,no-load closing is greater than the transformer leakage impedance. It can effectively resist the influence of excitation current due to the stable impedance relation in the transmission system,so that it can be reliable with no-action when the power is no-load closing. Meanwhile,considering all the saturated conditions that can occur in the out-of-zone malfunctioning current transformer,the algorithm is able to correctly identify the fault area,and it has a strong anti-interference ability. Through simulation experiments in PSCAD,the results show that the algorithm is not affected by current transformer saturation and magnetizing inrush current,and has strong reliability and anti-interference ability,which has good engineering application prospects.
引文
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[14]夏道止.电力系统分析[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2010:170-201.
[15]张保会,尹项根.电力系统继电保护原理[M].第2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2010:166-195.
[16]柳焕章,周泽昕,周春霞,等.输电线路突变量电流差动继电器[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):146-152.Liu Huanzhang,Zhou Zexin,Zhou Chunxia,et al.Current Differential Relay of Transmission Lines Based on Incremental Quantity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):146-152.
[17]金恩淑,李晓娜,夏国武,等.基于正序分量的变压器励磁涌流新判据[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(20):7-11.Jin Enshu,Li Xiaona,Xia Guowu,et,al.New criterion of transformer magnetizing inrush current based on positive sequence component[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(20):7-11.
[18]王晶,曹文斌,杨增力,等.多种电流互感器暂态饱和特性及其复杂工况下动模试验研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(20):58-65.Wang Jing,Cao Wenbin,Yang Zengli,et al.Study on multiple types of CTs transient saturation and its dynamic simulation Tests in complex operating conditions[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(20):58-65.
[19]邓茂军,许云龙,张童,等.变压器区外故障CT饱和对主变保护的影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(4):129-133.Deng Maojun,Xu Yunlong,Zhang Tong,et al.Analysis on outside transformer fault causing CT saturation and its influence on transformer protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(4):129-133.
[20]夏经德,王波,路亮,等.能抗励磁涌流干扰的变压器差动保护改进算法[J].陕西电力,2016,44(1):5-10.Xia Jingde,Wang Bo,Lu Liang,et al.Improved Algorithm for Transformer Differential Protection with Ability to Resist Inrush Current Interference[J].Shananxi Electric Power,2016,44(1):5-10.
[21]黄莉,杨卫星,张雪松.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的带气隙电流互感器建模及仿真[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(18):178-182.Huang Li,Yang Weixing,Zhang Xuesong.Modeling and simulation of current transformer with air-gap based on PSCAD/EMTDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(18):178-182.
[2]Michael Stanbury,Zarko Djekic.The Impact of Current-Transformer Saturation on Transformer Differential Protection[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2015,30(3):1278-1287.
[3]姚东晓,张凯,贺要峰,等.变压器多特征励磁涌流识别方案研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(13):149-154.Yao Dongxiao,Zhang Kai,He Yaofeng,et al.Research on multi feature recognition scheme of transformer inrush current[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(13):149-154.
[4]刘鹏辉,黄纯,江亚群,等.基于峭度系数的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):2023-2028.Liu Penghui,Huang Chun,Jiang Yaqun,et al.An Approach to Identify Inrush Current of Transformers Based on the Kurtosis Coefficient[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(7):2023-2028.
[5]翁汉琍,刘华,林湘宁,等.基于Hausdorff距离算法的变压器差动保护新判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(2):475-483.Weng Hanli,Liu Hua,Lin Xiangning,et al.A Novel Criterion of the Transformer Differential Protection Based on the Hausdorff Distance Algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(2):475-483.
[6]周泽宏,姚陈果,王俊凯,等.单相变压器漏感参数识别计算方法研究[J].电测与仪表,2017,54(13):8-13.Zhou Zehong,Yao Chenguo,Wang Junkai,et al.Research on leakage inductance parameter identification method of single phase transformers[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2017,54(13):8-13.
[7]王增平,马静.关于变压器主保护的若干问题[J].电力系统保护与控制,2008,36(14):4-12.Wang Zengping,Ma Jing.Some problems about power transformer main protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2008,36(14):4-12.
[8]索南加乐,焦在滨,宋国兵,等.基于故障分量综合阻抗的变压器保护新原理[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(34):94-100.Suonan Jiale,Jiao Zaibin,Song Guobing,et al.A Fault Component Comprehensive Impedance Based Transformer Protection Principle[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(34):94-100.
[9]夏经德,索南加乐,王莉,等.基于纵联阻抗幅值的输电线路纵联保护[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(4):43-51.Xia Jingde,Suonan Jiale,Wang Li,et al.A transmission line pilot protection based on the amplitude of the pilot impedance[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(4):43-51.
[10]索南加乐,许立强,焦在滨,等.基于磁路特征的三相三柱式变压器数学模型及等效电路[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(15):52-57.Suonan Jiale,Xu Liqiang,Jiao Zaibin,et al.Mathematical Model and Equivalent Circuit for Three-limb Transformer Based on Magnetic Circuit Characteristics[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(15):52-57.
[11]吴嘉琪,李晓华,陈忠,等.考虑磁滞特性变压器PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真建模方法及励磁差异性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,35(5):1543-1552.Wu Jiaqi,Li Xiaohua,Chen Zhong,et al.A Transformer Model With Hysteresis Characteristics for Electromagnetic Transients Based on PSCAD/EMTDC and Excitation Difference Analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,35(5):1543-1552.
[12]Babak Khalkhali,Javad Sadeh.Transformer Differential Protection by Online Core Modeling and Orthogonal Polynomials[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2015,30(5):2146-2153.
[13]Lu'1sM.R.Oliveira,Antonio J.Marques Cardoso.Comparing Power Transformer Turn-to-Turn Faults Protection Methods:Negative Sequence Component Versus Space-Vector Algorithms[J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Application,2017,53(3):2817-2824.
[14]夏道止.电力系统分析[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2010:170-201.
[15]张保会,尹项根.电力系统继电保护原理[M].第2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2010:166-195.
[16]柳焕章,周泽昕,周春霞,等.输电线路突变量电流差动继电器[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):146-152.Liu Huanzhang,Zhou Zexin,Zhou Chunxia,et al.Current Differential Relay of Transmission Lines Based on Incremental Quantity[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):146-152.
[17]金恩淑,李晓娜,夏国武,等.基于正序分量的变压器励磁涌流新判据[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(20):7-11.Jin Enshu,Li Xiaona,Xia Guowu,et,al.New criterion of transformer magnetizing inrush current based on positive sequence component[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(20):7-11.
[18]王晶,曹文斌,杨增力,等.多种电流互感器暂态饱和特性及其复杂工况下动模试验研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(20):58-65.Wang Jing,Cao Wenbin,Yang Zengli,et al.Study on multiple types of CTs transient saturation and its dynamic simulation Tests in complex operating conditions[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(20):58-65.
[19]邓茂军,许云龙,张童,等.变压器区外故障CT饱和对主变保护的影响分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(4):129-133.Deng Maojun,Xu Yunlong,Zhang Tong,et al.Analysis on outside transformer fault causing CT saturation and its influence on transformer protection[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(4):129-133.
[20]夏经德,王波,路亮,等.能抗励磁涌流干扰的变压器差动保护改进算法[J].陕西电力,2016,44(1):5-10.Xia Jingde,Wang Bo,Lu Liang,et al.Improved Algorithm for Transformer Differential Protection with Ability to Resist Inrush Current Interference[J].Shananxi Electric Power,2016,44(1):5-10.
[21]黄莉,杨卫星,张雪松.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的带气隙电流互感器建模及仿真[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(18):178-182.Huang Li,Yang Weixing,Zhang Xuesong.Modeling and simulation of current transformer with air-gap based on PSCAD/EMTDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2010,38(18):178-182.