套袋对‘秋雪’桃果实品质及花青素合成相关基因表达的影响
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摘要
为了探讨套袋对桃(Prunus persica)果实品质及花青素合成相关基因表达的影响,以‘秋雪’桃为试材,研究了套袋处理与未套袋组间果实生长发育过程中果皮花青苷含量、果实大小、果肉糖含量及花青素合成相关基因表达变化规律,同时比较了采收前两类果实的香气物质差异。结果表明:套袋果皮的花青苷含量取袋前显著低于未套袋组,取袋后迅速上升,采收时与未套袋组相当;套袋不同程度地降低了果实可溶性总糖和还原糖含量,取袋后有所上升,但始终低于未套袋组;对花青苷代谢途径中的关键基因表达分析发现,套袋处理的果实中各基因的表达与未套袋组相比均表现下调趋势,而套袋果在取袋后各基因的表达迅速上升,其中F3H、LDOX、DFR、ANR和CHI基因采收前与未套袋组表达水平相当,而UFGT基因的表达水平超出未套袋组3倍以上;供试桃共检测到71种香气物质,套袋处理的香气物质成分总含量低于未套袋组,套袋提高了果实中醛类和醇类物质含量,增加了酸类物质含量,但降低了酯类物质含量。研究表明,套袋可以提高果实外观品质,但同时对果实风味有一定负面影响。
The experiment was proceeded with ‘Qiuxue' peach(Prunus persica) as material to investigate the effect of bagging on fruit quality and anthocyanin synthesis-related gene expression. The contents of anthocyanin and flesh sugar, fruit size and related gene expression were measured, and aroma components were investigated after debagging. The content of peel anthocyanin was notably less than that of control, but increased quickly after bags removed and was the same as control before harvest. The total soluble and reducing sugar decreased for the bagged ones, sucrose content was increased immediately after debagging, which was declined later. The expression of related key genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was down-regulation than that of control, but increased quickly after debagging and was the same as control before harvest for F3H, LDOX, DFR, CHS and CHI, more than three times for UFGT. A total of 71 different volatile compounds were detected in ‘Qiuxue' peach fruits. Compared to controls, total content of aroma substance was reduced in bagged fruit. Bagging improved aldehydes and alcohol contents and increased acid contents in peach fruits, but decreased the contents of esters. In conclusion, bagging was beneficial for ‘Qiuxue' peach fruit, but the fruit quality was affected since the total sugar was declined partially.
The experiment was proceeded with ‘Qiuxue' peach(Prunus persica) as material to investigate the effect of bagging on fruit quality and anthocyanin synthesis-related gene expression. The contents of anthocyanin and flesh sugar, fruit size and related gene expression were measured, and aroma components were investigated after debagging. The content of peel anthocyanin was notably less than that of control, but increased quickly after bags removed and was the same as control before harvest. The total soluble and reducing sugar decreased for the bagged ones, sucrose content was increased immediately after debagging, which was declined later. The expression of related key genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was down-regulation than that of control, but increased quickly after debagging and was the same as control before harvest for F3H, LDOX, DFR, CHS and CHI, more than three times for UFGT. A total of 71 different volatile compounds were detected in ‘Qiuxue' peach fruits. Compared to controls, total content of aroma substance was reduced in bagged fruit. Bagging improved aldehydes and alcohol contents and increased acid contents in peach fruits, but decreased the contents of esters. In conclusion, bagging was beneficial for ‘Qiuxue' peach fruit, but the fruit quality was affected since the total sugar was declined partially.
引文
Chen H,Duan H,Xu J,et al(2003).Test on improving peach fruits quality in facilities.Shanxi Fruits,91:4-5(in Chinese)[陈海江,段红喜,徐继忠等(2003).提高设施桃果实品质试验.山西果树,91:4-5]
Chen J(2004).Brief report on different-period bagging of peach cultivars.Gansu Agr Sci Technol,(6):26-27(in Chinese)[陈建军(2004).几个桃品种不同时期套袋试验结果简报.甘肃农业科技,(6):26-27]
Chen W,Zhao C,Zhi W,et al(2013).Progress of regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in higher plants.Chin Agr Sci Bull,29(33):271-276(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈文龙,赵昶灵,支伟特等(2013).高等植物花色苷生物合成调控的研究进展.中国农学通报,29(33):271-276]
Du J(2007).The change of anthocyanin and sugar and acid in peach fruit and the effect of bagging on them(Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[杜纪红(2007).桃果实花青苷和糖酸含量变化及其与套袋关系研究(学位论文).南京:南京农业大学]
Gao HJ,Wang SM,Wang JY(2006).Effect of bagging on anthocyanin biosynthesis and pigmentation in apple skin.J Fruit Sci,23(5):750-755(in Chinese with English abstract)[高华君,王少敏,王江勇(2006).套袋对苹果果皮花青苷合成及着色的影响.果树学报,23(5):750-755]
Gao W(2009).Studies on apple fruit quality development and correlative factors under the system of bagging cultivation(dissertation).Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[高文胜(2009).有袋栽培体系下苹果果实品质发育及其相关因子研究(学位论文).沈阳:沈阳农业大学]
Guo B,Yang J,Lu R,et al(2000).Test on improving the fruits quality of‘Yanhong’peach by bagging.China Fruits,(3):19-20(in Chinese)[郭宝林,杨俊霞,鲁韧强等(2000).套袋提高燕红桃果品质量的试验研究.中国果树,(3):19-20]
Guo D,Bai H,Shi P,et al(2016a).Effects of bagging at different stages on volatiles and color of“Ruiguang No.19”nectarine fruits.Food Sci,37(8):242-247(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭东花,白红,石佩等(2016a).不同时期套袋对“瑞光19号”油桃果实挥发性成分及着色的影响.食品科学,37(8):242-247]
Guo D,Han C,Li G,et al(2016b).Effects of bagging on the aroma components of“Abubai”peaches.Food Sci,37(2):232-237(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭东花,范崇辉,李高潮等(2016b).不同果袋对“阿布白”桃果实香气成分的影响.食品科学,37(2):232-237]
Guo J,Wang MH(2010).Ultraviolet A-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis and PAL expression in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.).Plant Growth Regul,62(1):1-8
Huang CS,Shu ZX,Zhu LJ,et al(2011).Effect of bagging on outside quality of Citrus grandis Var.J Anhui Agr Sci,39(20):12036-12037(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄成思,苏智先,朱利君等(2011).套袋对新都柚果实外观品质的影响.安徽农业科学,39(20):12036-12037]
Jia HJ,Araki A,Okamoto G(2005).Influence of fruit bagging on aroma volatiles and skin coloration of‘Hakuho’peach(Prunus persica Batsch).Postharv Biol Technol,35(1):61-68
Li H(2000).Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:Higher Education Press(in Chinese)[李合生(2000).植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社]
Li P,Zheng R,Wen H,et al(2003).Effects of bagging on pigments and total phenol in Xinshiji guava fruit skin.J Fruit Sci,20(2):120-123(in Chinese with English abstract)[李平,郑润泉,温华良等(2003).套袋对新世纪番石榴果皮色素及酚类物质的影响.果树学报,20(2):120-123]
Lima AJB,AlvarengaáA,Malta MR,et al(2013).Chemical evaluation and effect of bagging new peach varieties introduced in southern Minas Gerais-Brazil.Food Sci Technol,33(3):434-440
Ma RJ,Zhang BB,Cai ZX,et al(2012).Effect of different bags on fruit quality of Xiaguang nectarine.Jiangsu J Agr Sci,28(3):627-631(in Chinese with English abstract)[马瑞娟,张斌斌,蔡志翔等(2012).不同类型果袋对霞光油桃果实品质的影响.江苏农业学报,28(3):627-631]
Qi X,Li Z,Xu S(2005).Relationship between soluble sugars and peel pigments in hawthorn fruit.J Fruit Sci,22(1):81-83(in Chinese with English abstract)[齐秀娟,李作轩,徐善坤(2005).山楂果实中可溶性糖与果皮色素的关系.果树学报,22(1):81-83]
Tsuda T,Yamaguchi M,Honda C,et al(2004).Expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the skin of peach and nectarine fruit.J Am Soc Hort Sci,129(6):857-862
Ubi BE,Honda C,Bessho H,et al(2006).Expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in apple skin:Effect of UV-B and temperature.Plant Sci,3(170):571-578
Wang H,Huang X,Huang H(2002).A study on the causative factors retarding pigmentation in the fruit of‘Feizixiao’litchi.Acta Hort Sin,29(5):408-412(in Chinese with English abstract)[王惠聪,黄旭明,黄辉白(2002).‘妃子笑’荔枝果实着色不良原因的研究.园艺学报,29(5):408-412]
Wang HB,Li LG,Liu JF,et al(2013).Changes of qualities during the fruit late development of‘Golden Delicious’apple and distinguishing its ripening process.Sci Agr Sin,46(20):4310-4320(in Chinese with English abstract)[王海波,李林光,刘嘉芬等(2013).‘金冠’苹果果实发育后期的品质变化及其成熟阶段区分.中国农业科学,46(20):4310-4320]
Wang J,Chen H,Zhou Q,et al(2003).Effects of bagging on the fruit quality in Litchi chinensis fruit and pesticide residues in it.Chin J Appl Ecol,14(5):710-712(in Chinese with English abstract)[王建武,陈厚彬,周强等(2003).套袋对荔枝果实质量和农药残留的影响.应用生态学报,14(5):710-712]
Yang SL,Egna M,Zhang XF,et al(2013).Effects of bagging treatment on sugar metabolism and related gene expression in‘Chili’pear fruits.Acta Hort Sin,40(10):1887-1897(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨绍兰,王玫,张晓菲等(2013).套袋对‘茌梨’果实蔗糖代谢及相关酶基因表达的影响.园艺学报,40(10):1887-1897]
Zhang L,Zhu LX,Xu C,et al(2015).The effect of silencing chalcone synthase on anthocyanin metabolism in peach.Acta Hort Sin,42(1):31-37(in Chinese with English abstract)[张蕾,朱立新,徐川等(2015).查尔酮合酶基因对桃果实花色苷代谢的影响.园艺学报,42(1):31-37]
Zhou J,Chen ZL,Zhang Q,et al(2009).Effects of bagging on accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in peach pericarp during fruit maturity.Acta Hort Sin,36(12):1717-1724(in Chinese with English abstract)[周君,陈宗玲,张琼等(2009).套袋对桃果实成熟过程中酚酸类和类黄酮类物质积累的影响.园艺学报,36(12):1717-1724]
Zhou J,Wang HQ(2009).Effect of reflective film on the photosynthetic capacity of leaf and fruit quality at different canopies of peach.J China Agr Univ,14(4):59-64(in Chinese with English abstract)[周君,王红清(2009).铺设反光膜对桃树不同冠层叶片最大光合能力和果实品质的影响.中国农业大学学报,14(4):59-64]
Chen J(2004).Brief report on different-period bagging of peach cultivars.Gansu Agr Sci Technol,(6):26-27(in Chinese)[陈建军(2004).几个桃品种不同时期套袋试验结果简报.甘肃农业科技,(6):26-27]
Chen W,Zhao C,Zhi W,et al(2013).Progress of regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in higher plants.Chin Agr Sci Bull,29(33):271-276(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈文龙,赵昶灵,支伟特等(2013).高等植物花色苷生物合成调控的研究进展.中国农学通报,29(33):271-276]
Du J(2007).The change of anthocyanin and sugar and acid in peach fruit and the effect of bagging on them(Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[杜纪红(2007).桃果实花青苷和糖酸含量变化及其与套袋关系研究(学位论文).南京:南京农业大学]
Gao HJ,Wang SM,Wang JY(2006).Effect of bagging on anthocyanin biosynthesis and pigmentation in apple skin.J Fruit Sci,23(5):750-755(in Chinese with English abstract)[高华君,王少敏,王江勇(2006).套袋对苹果果皮花青苷合成及着色的影响.果树学报,23(5):750-755]
Gao W(2009).Studies on apple fruit quality development and correlative factors under the system of bagging cultivation(dissertation).Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University(in Chinese with English abstract)[高文胜(2009).有袋栽培体系下苹果果实品质发育及其相关因子研究(学位论文).沈阳:沈阳农业大学]
Guo B,Yang J,Lu R,et al(2000).Test on improving the fruits quality of‘Yanhong’peach by bagging.China Fruits,(3):19-20(in Chinese)[郭宝林,杨俊霞,鲁韧强等(2000).套袋提高燕红桃果品质量的试验研究.中国果树,(3):19-20]
Guo D,Bai H,Shi P,et al(2016a).Effects of bagging at different stages on volatiles and color of“Ruiguang No.19”nectarine fruits.Food Sci,37(8):242-247(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭东花,白红,石佩等(2016a).不同时期套袋对“瑞光19号”油桃果实挥发性成分及着色的影响.食品科学,37(8):242-247]
Guo D,Han C,Li G,et al(2016b).Effects of bagging on the aroma components of“Abubai”peaches.Food Sci,37(2):232-237(in Chinese with English abstract)[郭东花,范崇辉,李高潮等(2016b).不同果袋对“阿布白”桃果实香气成分的影响.食品科学,37(2):232-237]
Guo J,Wang MH(2010).Ultraviolet A-specific induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis and PAL expression in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.).Plant Growth Regul,62(1):1-8
Huang CS,Shu ZX,Zhu LJ,et al(2011).Effect of bagging on outside quality of Citrus grandis Var.J Anhui Agr Sci,39(20):12036-12037(in Chinese with English abstract)[黄成思,苏智先,朱利君等(2011).套袋对新都柚果实外观品质的影响.安徽农业科学,39(20):12036-12037]
Jia HJ,Araki A,Okamoto G(2005).Influence of fruit bagging on aroma volatiles and skin coloration of‘Hakuho’peach(Prunus persica Batsch).Postharv Biol Technol,35(1):61-68
Li H(2000).Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments.Beijing:Higher Education Press(in Chinese)[李合生(2000).植物生理生化实验原理和技术.北京:高等教育出版社]
Li P,Zheng R,Wen H,et al(2003).Effects of bagging on pigments and total phenol in Xinshiji guava fruit skin.J Fruit Sci,20(2):120-123(in Chinese with English abstract)[李平,郑润泉,温华良等(2003).套袋对新世纪番石榴果皮色素及酚类物质的影响.果树学报,20(2):120-123]
Lima AJB,AlvarengaáA,Malta MR,et al(2013).Chemical evaluation and effect of bagging new peach varieties introduced in southern Minas Gerais-Brazil.Food Sci Technol,33(3):434-440
Ma RJ,Zhang BB,Cai ZX,et al(2012).Effect of different bags on fruit quality of Xiaguang nectarine.Jiangsu J Agr Sci,28(3):627-631(in Chinese with English abstract)[马瑞娟,张斌斌,蔡志翔等(2012).不同类型果袋对霞光油桃果实品质的影响.江苏农业学报,28(3):627-631]
Qi X,Li Z,Xu S(2005).Relationship between soluble sugars and peel pigments in hawthorn fruit.J Fruit Sci,22(1):81-83(in Chinese with English abstract)[齐秀娟,李作轩,徐善坤(2005).山楂果实中可溶性糖与果皮色素的关系.果树学报,22(1):81-83]
Tsuda T,Yamaguchi M,Honda C,et al(2004).Expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in the skin of peach and nectarine fruit.J Am Soc Hort Sci,129(6):857-862
Ubi BE,Honda C,Bessho H,et al(2006).Expression analysis of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in apple skin:Effect of UV-B and temperature.Plant Sci,3(170):571-578
Wang H,Huang X,Huang H(2002).A study on the causative factors retarding pigmentation in the fruit of‘Feizixiao’litchi.Acta Hort Sin,29(5):408-412(in Chinese with English abstract)[王惠聪,黄旭明,黄辉白(2002).‘妃子笑’荔枝果实着色不良原因的研究.园艺学报,29(5):408-412]
Wang HB,Li LG,Liu JF,et al(2013).Changes of qualities during the fruit late development of‘Golden Delicious’apple and distinguishing its ripening process.Sci Agr Sin,46(20):4310-4320(in Chinese with English abstract)[王海波,李林光,刘嘉芬等(2013).‘金冠’苹果果实发育后期的品质变化及其成熟阶段区分.中国农业科学,46(20):4310-4320]
Wang J,Chen H,Zhou Q,et al(2003).Effects of bagging on the fruit quality in Litchi chinensis fruit and pesticide residues in it.Chin J Appl Ecol,14(5):710-712(in Chinese with English abstract)[王建武,陈厚彬,周强等(2003).套袋对荔枝果实质量和农药残留的影响.应用生态学报,14(5):710-712]
Yang SL,Egna M,Zhang XF,et al(2013).Effects of bagging treatment on sugar metabolism and related gene expression in‘Chili’pear fruits.Acta Hort Sin,40(10):1887-1897(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨绍兰,王玫,张晓菲等(2013).套袋对‘茌梨’果实蔗糖代谢及相关酶基因表达的影响.园艺学报,40(10):1887-1897]
Zhang L,Zhu LX,Xu C,et al(2015).The effect of silencing chalcone synthase on anthocyanin metabolism in peach.Acta Hort Sin,42(1):31-37(in Chinese with English abstract)[张蕾,朱立新,徐川等(2015).查尔酮合酶基因对桃果实花色苷代谢的影响.园艺学报,42(1):31-37]
Zhou J,Chen ZL,Zhang Q,et al(2009).Effects of bagging on accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in peach pericarp during fruit maturity.Acta Hort Sin,36(12):1717-1724(in Chinese with English abstract)[周君,陈宗玲,张琼等(2009).套袋对桃果实成熟过程中酚酸类和类黄酮类物质积累的影响.园艺学报,36(12):1717-1724]
Zhou J,Wang HQ(2009).Effect of reflective film on the photosynthetic capacity of leaf and fruit quality at different canopies of peach.J China Agr Univ,14(4):59-64(in Chinese with English abstract)[周君,王红清(2009).铺设反光膜对桃树不同冠层叶片最大光合能力和果实品质的影响.中国农业大学学报,14(4):59-64]