珠江口枯水期和丰水期中小型桡足类种类组成、丰度分布及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
中小型桡足类是河口区浮游动物的重要组成部分.根据珠江口枯水期(2013年11月)和丰水期(2014年8月)24个站位的调查资料,对中小型桡足类种类组成、丰度分布和优势种等特征进行了研究.枯水期和丰水期中小型桡足类分别出现60和40种,以河口和近岸类群为主.根据表层盐度变化将珠江口分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ区,桡足类种类分布具有显著的河口特征,枯水期和丰水期盐度均为Ⅲ区>Ⅱ区>Ⅰ区.相关性分析结果显示,桡足类种类数与盐度呈极显著正相关.桡足类丰度时空分布差异显著,丰水期(10 809.05ind/m3)显著高于枯水期(1 371.20ind/m3),且在2个水期均以Ⅰ区丰度最高.强额孔雀哲水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)和中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)在2个水期均为主要优势种,其空间分布亦与盐度密切相关.研究结果表明盐度是影响珠江口中小型桡足类种群结构的关键非生物环境因子.
Meso-and micro-copepods are the major species of estuarine zooplankton.Based on investigations of 24 stations in the Pearl River Estuary in November 2013(dry season)and August 2014(wet season),the species composition,abundance distribution and dominant species of meso-and micro-copepods were studied.Results showed that there were 60 and 40 copepod species identified in the dry and wet season,respectively,mostly belonging to the estuarine and neritic groups.In our study,the Pearl River Estuary was divided into three regions according to its surface salinity.The Distributions of species number in both dry and wet seasons were Region Ⅲ>Region Ⅱ>Region I,displaying a remarkable characteristic estuarine distribution.The species number of copepod was significantly correlated with salinity.The abundance of copepod was found varying with time and geographic locations.The average copepod abundance in the wet season(10 809.05 ind/m3)was much higher than in the dry season(1 371.20 ind/m3),and in both seasons RegionⅠhad the highest copepod abundance.Moreover,the two copepods of Parvocalanus crassirostris and Acartiella sinensis were found dominant in both seasons,and their distributions were significantly correlated with salinity.In conclusion,salinity was the key abiotic factor influencing copepod population structure in the Pearl River Estuary.
Meso-and micro-copepods are the major species of estuarine zooplankton.Based on investigations of 24 stations in the Pearl River Estuary in November 2013(dry season)and August 2014(wet season),the species composition,abundance distribution and dominant species of meso-and micro-copepods were studied.Results showed that there were 60 and 40 copepod species identified in the dry and wet season,respectively,mostly belonging to the estuarine and neritic groups.In our study,the Pearl River Estuary was divided into three regions according to its surface salinity.The Distributions of species number in both dry and wet seasons were Region Ⅲ>Region Ⅱ>Region I,displaying a remarkable characteristic estuarine distribution.The species number of copepod was significantly correlated with salinity.The abundance of copepod was found varying with time and geographic locations.The average copepod abundance in the wet season(10 809.05 ind/m3)was much higher than in the dry season(1 371.20 ind/m3),and in both seasons RegionⅠhad the highest copepod abundance.Moreover,the two copepods of Parvocalanus crassirostris and Acartiella sinensis were found dominant in both seasons,and their distributions were significantly correlated with salinity.In conclusion,salinity was the key abiotic factor influencing copepod population structure in the Pearl River Estuary.
引文
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[28]黄少彬,李开明,姜国强,等,珠江口盐度锋面对营养物质和生物的影响[J].水资源保护,2011,27(2):18-25.
[29]王文杰.夏、秋季黄河口及其邻近海域中小型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011:12-25.
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[31]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2003,23(5):892-900.
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[2]MARQUES S C,PARDAL M A,PEREIRA M J,et al.Zooplankton distribution and dynamics in a temperate shallow estuary[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,587(1):213-223.
[3]杨宇峰,王庆,陈菊芳,等.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):576-585.
[4]王荣,张鸿雁,王克,等.小型桡足类在海洋生态系统中的功能作用[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(5):453-460.
[5]MORALES C E,BEDO A,HARRIS R P,et al.Grazing of copepod assemblages in the north-east Atlantic:the importance of the small size fraction[J].Journal of Plankton Research,1991,13(2):455-472.
[6]黄小平,田磊,彭勃,等.珠江口海域环境污染研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2010,29(1):1-7.
[7]广东省海洋与渔业局.2009年广东省海洋环境质量公报[EB/OL].[2016-12-20].http:∥www.gdofa.gov.cn/xxgk/gb/201512/t20151216_708628.htm.
[8]李开枝,尹健强,黄良民,等.珠江口浮游动物的群落动态及数量变化[J].热带海洋学报,2005,24(5):60-68.
[9]吴玲玲,朱艾嘉,郭娟,等.珠江口夏季中、小型浮游动物生态特征研究[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):689-694.
[10]李开枝,尹健强,黄良民,等.珠江口浮游桡足类的生态研究[J].生态科学,2007,26(2):97-102.
[11]高原,赖子尼,王超,等.2006年夏季珠江口浮游动物群落结构特征分析[J].南方水产,2008,4(1):10-15.
[12]郭东晖,李刚,何静.2007—2011年春季珠江口中东部水域水母研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(3):584-588.
[13]高原,赖子尼,魏泰莉,等.珠江八个入海口浮游桡足类的季节特征[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(6):3-9.
[14]方宏达,朱艾嘉,董燕红,等.2005—2006年珠江口浮游动物群落变化研究[J].台湾海峡,2009,28(1):30-37.
[15]高原,赖子尼,王超,等.珠江口浮游动物分布特征研究[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(2):260-268.
[16]宋盛宪.珠江口浮游生物的初步研究[J].海洋渔业,1991,13(1):24-27.
[17]刘玉,李适宇,董燕红,等.珠江口伶仃水道浮游生物及底栖动物群落特征分析[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(S2):114-118.
[18]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋调查规范第6部分海洋生物调查:GB/T 12763.6—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[19]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐够渔场的关系[J].生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15.
[20]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.海洋监测规范:GB17378—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[21]HOFFMEYER M S.Decadal change in zooplankton seasonal succession in the Bahia Blanca estuary,Argentina,following introduction of two zooplankton species[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2004,26(2):181-189.
[22]VIEIRA L,AZEITEIRO U,RE P,et al.Zooplankton distribution in a temperate estuary(Mondego estuary southern arm:Western Portugal)[J].Acta Oecologica,2003,24(S1):163-173.
[23]WOOLDRIDGE T.Estuarine zooplankton community structure and dynamics[M]∥ALLANSON B R,BAIRD D.Estuaries of South Africa.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999:141-166.
[24]黄加祺,陈柏云.九龙江口浮游桡足类的种类组成和分布[J].台湾海峡,1985,4(1):79-88.
[25]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江河口中小型浮游动物数量分布、变动及主要影响因素[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3517-3525.
[26]黄加祺.九龙江口大、中型浮游动物的种类组成和分布[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1983,22(1):88-95.
[27]TAN Y H,HUANG L M,CHEN Q C,et al.Seasonal variation in zooplankton composition and grazing impact on phytoplankton standingstock in the Pearl River Estuary,China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2004,24(16):1949-1968.
[28]黄少彬,李开明,姜国强,等,珠江口盐度锋面对营养物质和生物的影响[J].水资源保护,2011,27(2):18-25.
[29]王文杰.夏、秋季黄河口及其邻近海域中小型浮游动物群落生态学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011:12-25.
[30]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江口桡足类数量分布与变动[J].生态学报,2008,28(9):4259-4267.
[31]郭沛涌,沈焕庭,刘阿成,等.长江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性[J].生态学报,2003,23(5):892-900.
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[33]国家海洋局南海分局.2014年南海区海洋环境状况公报[EB/OL].[2017-03-13].http:∥www.scsb.gov.cn/scsb/gbytj/201505/6362ad9e88d449799a21f12e7975e36c.shtml.