旅游精准扶贫的关键环节与推进方略
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摘要
精准扶贫是基于贫困人口"碎片化分布""代际传递"现实背景的新战略与大战略。旅游扶贫是贫困地区走出贫困的有效路径,但对贫困人口的脱贫致富出现了诸多的偏差,因此有必要重新审视旅游扶贫的实践,着力实现旅游精准扶贫。本文认为,旅游业持续健康发展是旅游精准扶贫的宏观基础,贫困人口参与旅游发展是旅游精准扶贫的中观重心,贫困人口发展能力建设是旅游精准扶贫的微观追求,这是旅游精准扶贫的三大关键环节。基于此,本文建构了旅游精准扶贫系统内容框架,然后通过旅游持续健康发展、贫困人口有效参与旅游发展与政府精准帮扶等措施,进而就提高贫困人口生计发展能力建设和持续有序的精准考评提出了相应的推进方略建议。
Accurate poverty reduction is a new strategy and grand strategy based on the realistic background of the "fragmented distribution"and"intergenerational transmission"of the poverty population. Tourism reducing poverty is an effective way to get out of poverty,but there are many deviations in the process. Therefore,it is necessary to re-examine the practice of tourism reducing poverty and to achieve poverty reduction accurately.This paper point out:( 1) the macro foundation is tourism developing sustainable and healthy;( 2) the Intermediate level attention is poor people participating tourism development;( 3) the micro pursuit is poor people constructing development capacity. These are the three key links of accurate poverty reduction through tourism.Based on these,this paper constructs the system framework of accurate poverty reduction through tourism,and then put forward a series of implementation strategy and suggestions about tourism developing sustainable and healthy,poor people improve their livelihood through effectively participate in tourism development and government assistance helping and its evaluating accreting continuously and ordered.
Accurate poverty reduction is a new strategy and grand strategy based on the realistic background of the "fragmented distribution"and"intergenerational transmission"of the poverty population. Tourism reducing poverty is an effective way to get out of poverty,but there are many deviations in the process. Therefore,it is necessary to re-examine the practice of tourism reducing poverty and to achieve poverty reduction accurately.This paper point out:( 1) the macro foundation is tourism developing sustainable and healthy;( 2) the Intermediate level attention is poor people participating tourism development;( 3) the micro pursuit is poor people constructing development capacity. These are the three key links of accurate poverty reduction through tourism.Based on these,this paper constructs the system framework of accurate poverty reduction through tourism,and then put forward a series of implementation strategy and suggestions about tourism developing sustainable and healthy,poor people improve their livelihood through effectively participate in tourism development and government assistance helping and its evaluating accreting continuously and ordered.
引文
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[28]胡静,许贤棠,谢双玉.论乡村旅游资源的可持续开发利用[J].农业现代化研究.2007(6):723-726.
[29]厉新建.加强乡村旅游问题研究势在必行[N].中国旅游报.2017-08-25.
[32]Hampton M P.Heritage,local communities and economic development[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2005,32,(3):735-759.
[33]曾玲玲,胡波,王娜,陈文仪.旅游业对区域经济发展贡献比较分析---以北京和重庆为例[J].重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版),2019,36(2):40-47.
[34]范建华,张睿莲.中国城镇化之路新探索:来自云南大理新华村的启示[J].学术探索,2013(4):14-18.
[35]赵锋.可持续生计分析框架的理论比较与研究述评[J].兰州财经大学学报.2015(5):86-93.
[36]贺爱琳,等.乡村旅游发展对农户生计的影响一一以秦岭北麓乡村旅游地为例[J].经济地理.2014(12):174-181.
[37]田翠翠,刘黎黎,田世政.重庆高山纳凉村旅游精准扶贫效应评价指数模型[J].资源开发与市场.2016(12):1436-1440.
[2]United Nations.The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014[R/OL].[2014-09-05].New York:United Nations.http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/news.shtml.
[3]中国扶贫开发年鉴编委会.中国扶贫开发年鉴[M].北京:团结出版社,2015.
[4]Harrison D.Pro-poor Tourism:A Critique[J].Third World Quarterly,2008,29(5)∶851-868.
[5]DFID.Tourism and poverty elimination:Untapped potential[R].London:DFID Press Office,1999.
[6]The United Nations World Tourism Organization.Tourism and Poverty Alleviation[R].Madrid:The United Nations World Tourism Organization,2002.
[7]Sofield T,Bauer J,De Lacy T,et al.Sustainable Tourism-Eliminating Poverty(ST-EP):An Overview[R].Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd,2004.
[8]Zeng B,Ryan C.Assisting the poor in China through tourism development:A review of research[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(2):239-248.
[9]Schilcher D.Growth versus equity:The continuum of pro-poor tourism and neoliberal governance[J].Current Issues in Tourism,2007,10(2):166-193.
[10]Suntikul W,Bauer T,Song H.Pro-poor tourism development in Viengxay,Laos:Current state and future prospects[J].A-sia Pacific Journal Research,2009,14(2):153-168.
[11]向延平,彭晓燕.旅游扶贫开发的思考与建议[J].宏观经济管理.2012(4):66-67.
[12]马勇,刘军.准确把握旅游精准扶贫内涵[N].中国旅游报.2017-01-04:003.
[13]林红.对“旅游扶贫”论的思考---兼议西部旅游开发[J].北京第二外国语学院学报.2000(5):73-77.
[14]李刚,徐虹.影响我国可持续旅游扶贫效益的因子分析[J].旅游学刊.2006(9):45-50.
[15]陈巧,等.对西部贫困地区旅游开发带来的环境问题的思考[J].内蒙古科技与经济.2006(17):10-12.
[16]粟娟.武陵源旅游扶贫效益测评及其优化[J].商业研究.2009(9):205-208
[17]李会琴,等:国外旅游扶贫研究进展[J].人文地理.2015(1):26-32.
[18]Rogerson C M.Tourism and local economic development:The case of the Highlands Meander[J].Development Southern Africa,2002,19(1):143-167.
[19]Ashley C,Roe D,Goodwin H.Pro-poor Tourism Strategies:Making Tourism Work for the Poor:A Review of Experience[M].London:ODI,IIED,CRT,2001:22-23
[20]陈友莲.“旅游飞地”对旅游扶贫绩效的影响及其防范[J].市场论坛.2011(12):39-40.
[21]Mastny L.Redirecting International Tourism[M]//Starke L(ed.)State of the World.New York:Worldwatch Institute,2002:101-126.
[22]曾群、魏雁滨.失业与社会排斥:一个分析框架[J].社会学研究.2004(3):11-20
[23]黄敬宝.从根本上解决农村贫困问题---以人力资本投资打破我国农村贫困的恶性循环怪圈[J].财经问题研究.2004(5):93-96.
[24][25]陈绍友.征地农转非人员就业促进及其管理研究[M].北京:商务印书馆.2012
[26]马波.转型:中国旅游产业发展的趋势与选择[J].旅游学刊.1999(6):34-38
[27][30]陈绍友.旅游经济系统发展与发展系统[J].重庆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版).2004(5):72-78.
[28]胡静,许贤棠,谢双玉.论乡村旅游资源的可持续开发利用[J].农业现代化研究.2007(6):723-726.
[29]厉新建.加强乡村旅游问题研究势在必行[N].中国旅游报.2017-08-25.
[32]Hampton M P.Heritage,local communities and economic development[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2005,32,(3):735-759.
[33]曾玲玲,胡波,王娜,陈文仪.旅游业对区域经济发展贡献比较分析---以北京和重庆为例[J].重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版),2019,36(2):40-47.
[34]范建华,张睿莲.中国城镇化之路新探索:来自云南大理新华村的启示[J].学术探索,2013(4):14-18.
[35]赵锋.可持续生计分析框架的理论比较与研究述评[J].兰州财经大学学报.2015(5):86-93.
[36]贺爱琳,等.乡村旅游发展对农户生计的影响一一以秦岭北麓乡村旅游地为例[J].经济地理.2014(12):174-181.
[37]田翠翠,刘黎黎,田世政.重庆高山纳凉村旅游精准扶贫效应评价指数模型[J].资源开发与市场.2016(12):1436-1440.