沼液SBR处理出水养殖螺旋藻
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摘要
养猪沼液氮磷等营养物质丰富,可作为廉价的螺旋藻培养基,但其成分复杂,尤其是高氨氮等因素严重抑制螺旋藻的生长.采用序批式生物反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)降低沼液中的氨氮浓度,通过改变进水中化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)与总氮(total nitrogen,TN)的比值,研究了沼液中的亚硝态氮及硝态氮的保留情况,为螺旋藻生长提供氮源.通过对比螺旋藻在不同工况出水中的生长情况,以及氮元素的保留情况,筛选出最佳SBR工况.摇瓶试验结果表明,当进水COD/TN=3.0,出水中氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮浓度分别为51.2、91.6、213.1 mg·L~(-1),此时螺旋藻具有较快生长速率,产率达到0.084 g·(L·d)~(-1).在此基础之上,通过放大螺旋藻培养规模至120L,研究了螺旋藻在室外大棚中的生长情况及螺旋藻对沼液中氮、磷元素的去除,结果表明螺旋藻在室外依然生长良好,培养10 d后,产率为(0.075±0.003)g·(L·d)~(-1),螺旋藻蛋白含量达到60%左右,养殖出水中氨氮去除率达到99%.
Digested piggery wastewater( DPW) contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus which could be used as a costeffective culture medium for Spirulina platensis. However,Spirulina platensis would be limited by many factors in the complex composition of DPW,especially the high concentration of ammonium. In this paper,a traditional sequencing batch reactor( SBR) was used to remove these inhibitors in DPW. The retention of nitrate and nitrite in the effluent,which was used as nitrogen source for cultivating Spirulina platensis,was studied at different ratios of chemical oxygen demand( COD) to total nitrogen( TN) in the influent.By comparing the growth of Spirulina platensis in the related effluents,the operation condition of SBR was optimized. The lab-scale cultivation results showed that Spirulina platensis possessed a high biomass yield of 0. 084 g·( L·d)~(-1)in the effluent when the COD/TN ratio of SBR influent was 3. 0. In particular,the concentrations of ammonium,nitrate and nitrite in the effluent were 51. 2 mg·L~(-1),91. 6 mg·L~(-1)and 213. 1 mg·L~(-1),respectively. Furthermore,the aforementioned effluent was also used to culture Spirulina platensis in a 120 L outdoor raceway pond,and the growth rate of Spirulina platensis reached( 0. 075 ± 0. 003) g·( L·d)~(-1)after 10-day culture.The protein content of Spirulina platensis was approximately 60% and the removal efficiency of ammonium was 99%. This study provides an alternative method for the utilization of DPW.
Digested piggery wastewater( DPW) contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus which could be used as a costeffective culture medium for Spirulina platensis. However,Spirulina platensis would be limited by many factors in the complex composition of DPW,especially the high concentration of ammonium. In this paper,a traditional sequencing batch reactor( SBR) was used to remove these inhibitors in DPW. The retention of nitrate and nitrite in the effluent,which was used as nitrogen source for cultivating Spirulina platensis,was studied at different ratios of chemical oxygen demand( COD) to total nitrogen( TN) in the influent.By comparing the growth of Spirulina platensis in the related effluents,the operation condition of SBR was optimized. The lab-scale cultivation results showed that Spirulina platensis possessed a high biomass yield of 0. 084 g·( L·d)~(-1)in the effluent when the COD/TN ratio of SBR influent was 3. 0. In particular,the concentrations of ammonium,nitrate and nitrite in the effluent were 51. 2 mg·L~(-1),91. 6 mg·L~(-1)and 213. 1 mg·L~(-1),respectively. Furthermore,the aforementioned effluent was also used to culture Spirulina platensis in a 120 L outdoor raceway pond,and the growth rate of Spirulina platensis reached( 0. 075 ± 0. 003) g·( L·d)~(-1)after 10-day culture.The protein content of Spirulina platensis was approximately 60% and the removal efficiency of ammonium was 99%. This study provides an alternative method for the utilization of DPW.
引文
[1]田朝玉,叶晓,华威,等.基于污水处理的微藻培养研究进展[J].环境工程,2016,34(3):1-5.Tian C Y,Ye X,Hua W,et al.Research progress of microalgae cultivation using wastewater resources[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(3):1-5.
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[7]Kim S K.Handbook of Marine Microalgae:Biotechnology Advances[M].Academic Rress,2015.93-240.
[8]张聪,谢爽,孟范平.城市污水厂污泥替代营养盐培养海水小球藻的研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(5):1186-1190.Zhang C,Xie S,Meng F P.Study on chlorella pacifica cultivation based on municipal sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(5):1186-1190.
[9]Holman B W B,Malau-Aduli A E O.Spirulina as a livestock supplement and animal feed[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2013,97(4):615-623.
[10]Markou G,Depraetere O,Muylaert K.Effect of ammonia on the photosynthetic activity of Arthrospira and Chlorella:a study on chlorophyll fluorescence and electron transport[J].Algal Research,2016,16:449-457.
[11]国青青,刘锐,罗金飞,等.沼液养殖钝顶螺旋藻的中试研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3480-3486.Guo Q Q,Liu R,Luo J F,et al.Pilot-Scale cultivation of Spirulina plantensis with digested piggery wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3480-3486.
[12]王欢,李旭东,曾抗美.猪场废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮的短程硝化反硝化预处理研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):114-119.Wang H,Li X D,Zeng K M.Nitritation-denitrification process as a pretreatment of ANAMMOX to remove nitrogen from piggery wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(1):114-119.
[13]董宝刚,宋小燕,刘锐,等.间歇曝气SBR与传统SBR处理养猪沼液的比较研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4309-4316.Dong B G,Song X Y,Liu R,et al.A comparative study on performance of an intermittent aeration SBR and a traditional SBR for treatment of digested piggery wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(11):4309-4316.
[14]Sassano C E N,Gioielli L A,Almeida K A,et al.Cultivation of Spirulina platensis by continuous process using ammonium chloride as nitrogen source[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2007,31(8):593-598.
[15]宋小燕,刘锐,税勇,等.间歇曝气SBR处理养猪沼液的短程脱氮性能[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1873-1879.Song X Y,Liu R,Shui Y,et al.Stability of short-cut nitrification nitrogen removal in digested piggery wastewater with an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1873-1879.
[16]Zarrouk C.Contribution a letude dune cyanophycee.Influence de divers facteurs physiques et chimiques sur la croissance et la photosynthese de Spirulina maxima(Setch.et Gardner)Geitler[D].Paris:University of Paris,1966.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18]李建政,孟佳,赵博玮,等.养猪废水厌氧消化液SBR短程硝化系统影响因素[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(8):27-33.Li J Z,Meng J,Zhao B W,et al.Main influence factors for shortcut nitrification in a SBR treating anaerobic digested piggery wastewater[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(8):27-33.
[19]Ge S J,Wang S Y,Yang X,et al.Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment:a review[J].Chemosphere,2015,140:85-98.
[20]殷春涛,胡鸿钧,龚小敏,等.培养条件对钝顶螺旋藻(Sp)NS-90020脂肪酸组成和含量的影响[J].武汉植物学研究,1997,15(1):59-65.
[21]郭英.SBR生物脱氮过程进水C/N及FA对微生物硝化特性影响试验研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2013.
[22]Anthonisen A C,Loehr R C,Prakasam T B S.Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J].Journal—Water Pollution Control Federation,1976,48(5):835-852.
[23]Kuba T,van Loosdrecht M C M,Heijnen J J.Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system[J].Water Research,1996,30(7):1702-1710.
[24]Shi W Q,Li S D,Li G R,et al.Investigation of main factors affecting the growth rate of Spirulina[J].Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics,2016,127(16):6688-6694.
[25]Cai T,Ge X M,Park S Y,et al.Comparison of Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 and Nannochloropsis salina for lipid production using artificial seawater and nutrients from anaerobic digestion effluent[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,144:255-260.
[26]郑金聪,宁海丽.多级生化法处理抗生素制药废水的中试研究[J].给水排水,2007,33(S1):255-257.Zheng J C,Ning H L.Research of effect fators on the treatment of antibiotic pharmacutial wastewater by multilevel biochemistry treatment[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2007,33(S1):255-257.
[27]夏旗.钝顶螺旋藻对沼液的处理与利用[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[28]李玉宝,郑江,黎中宝,等.利用沼气废液培养螺旋藻[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13668-13670.Li Y B,Zheng J,Li Z B,et al.Cultivation of spirulina in biogas wastewater[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(22):13668-13670.
[29]Markou G,Georgakakis D.Cultivation of filamentous cyanobacteria(blue-green algae)in agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters:a review[J].Applied Energy,2011,88(10):3389-3401.
[30]龚川南,陈玉成,黄磊.曝气吹脱法用于牛场沼液污染物的去除[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2291-2296.Gong C N,Chen Y C,Huang L.Pollutants removal characteristics by air stripping with aeration treating biogas slurry of cattle manure[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(5):2291-2296.
[2]曹玉成,张妙仙,单胜道.MBBR处理猪场废水厌氧消化液的研究[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(5):591-594.Cao Y C,Zhang M X,Shan S D.Study on treatment of digested piggery wastewater by moving bed biofilm reactor[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2008,2(5):591-594.
[3]孟海玲,董红敏,黄宏坤.膜生物反应器用于猪场污水深度处理试验[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1277-1281.Meng H L,Dong H M,Huang H K.A membrane bioreactor for swine wastewater advanced treatment[J].Journal of Agroenvironment Science,2007,26(4):1277-1281.
[4]Waeger F,Delhaye T,Fuchs W.The use of ceramic microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes for particle removal from anaerobic digester effluents[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2010,73(2):271-278.
[5]邓良伟,郑平,李淑兰,等.添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能[J].环境科学,2005,26(6):105-109.Deng L W,Zheng P,Li S L,et al.Performance improvement of sequencing batch reactor(SBR)treating digested piggery wastewater by addition of raw wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2005,26(6):105-109.
[6]卫丹,万梅,刘锐,等.嘉兴市规模化养猪场沼液水质调查研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2650-2657.Wei D,Wan M,Liu R,et al.Study on the quality of digested piggery wastewater in large-scale farms in Jiaxing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(7):2650-2657.
[7]Kim S K.Handbook of Marine Microalgae:Biotechnology Advances[M].Academic Rress,2015.93-240.
[8]张聪,谢爽,孟范平.城市污水厂污泥替代营养盐培养海水小球藻的研究[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(5):1186-1190.Zhang C,Xie S,Meng F P.Study on chlorella pacifica cultivation based on municipal sewage sludge[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(5):1186-1190.
[9]Holman B W B,Malau-Aduli A E O.Spirulina as a livestock supplement and animal feed[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2013,97(4):615-623.
[10]Markou G,Depraetere O,Muylaert K.Effect of ammonia on the photosynthetic activity of Arthrospira and Chlorella:a study on chlorophyll fluorescence and electron transport[J].Algal Research,2016,16:449-457.
[11]国青青,刘锐,罗金飞,等.沼液养殖钝顶螺旋藻的中试研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3480-3486.Guo Q Q,Liu R,Luo J F,et al.Pilot-Scale cultivation of Spirulina plantensis with digested piggery wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(9):3480-3486.
[12]王欢,李旭东,曾抗美.猪场废水厌氧氨氧化脱氮的短程硝化反硝化预处理研究[J].环境科学,2009,30(1):114-119.Wang H,Li X D,Zeng K M.Nitritation-denitrification process as a pretreatment of ANAMMOX to remove nitrogen from piggery wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2009,30(1):114-119.
[13]董宝刚,宋小燕,刘锐,等.间歇曝气SBR与传统SBR处理养猪沼液的比较研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4309-4316.Dong B G,Song X Y,Liu R,et al.A comparative study on performance of an intermittent aeration SBR and a traditional SBR for treatment of digested piggery wastewater[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(11):4309-4316.
[14]Sassano C E N,Gioielli L A,Almeida K A,et al.Cultivation of Spirulina platensis by continuous process using ammonium chloride as nitrogen source[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2007,31(8):593-598.
[15]宋小燕,刘锐,税勇,等.间歇曝气SBR处理养猪沼液的短程脱氮性能[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1873-1879.Song X Y,Liu R,Shui Y,et al.Stability of short-cut nitrification nitrogen removal in digested piggery wastewater with an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1873-1879.
[16]Zarrouk C.Contribution a letude dune cyanophycee.Influence de divers facteurs physiques et chimiques sur la croissance et la photosynthese de Spirulina maxima(Setch.et Gardner)Geitler[D].Paris:University of Paris,1966.
[17]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[18]李建政,孟佳,赵博玮,等.养猪废水厌氧消化液SBR短程硝化系统影响因素[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(8):27-33.Li J Z,Meng J,Zhao B W,et al.Main influence factors for shortcut nitrification in a SBR treating anaerobic digested piggery wastewater[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(8):27-33.
[19]Ge S J,Wang S Y,Yang X,et al.Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment:a review[J].Chemosphere,2015,140:85-98.
[20]殷春涛,胡鸿钧,龚小敏,等.培养条件对钝顶螺旋藻(Sp)NS-90020脂肪酸组成和含量的影响[J].武汉植物学研究,1997,15(1):59-65.
[21]郭英.SBR生物脱氮过程进水C/N及FA对微生物硝化特性影响试验研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2013.
[22]Anthonisen A C,Loehr R C,Prakasam T B S.Inhibition of nitrification by ammonia and nitrous acid[J].Journal—Water Pollution Control Federation,1976,48(5):835-852.
[23]Kuba T,van Loosdrecht M C M,Heijnen J J.Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system[J].Water Research,1996,30(7):1702-1710.
[24]Shi W Q,Li S D,Li G R,et al.Investigation of main factors affecting the growth rate of Spirulina[J].Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics,2016,127(16):6688-6694.
[25]Cai T,Ge X M,Park S Y,et al.Comparison of Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 and Nannochloropsis salina for lipid production using artificial seawater and nutrients from anaerobic digestion effluent[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,144:255-260.
[26]郑金聪,宁海丽.多级生化法处理抗生素制药废水的中试研究[J].给水排水,2007,33(S1):255-257.Zheng J C,Ning H L.Research of effect fators on the treatment of antibiotic pharmacutial wastewater by multilevel biochemistry treatment[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2007,33(S1):255-257.
[27]夏旗.钝顶螺旋藻对沼液的处理与利用[D].重庆:西南大学,2011.
[28]李玉宝,郑江,黎中宝,等.利用沼气废液培养螺旋藻[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(22):13668-13670.Li Y B,Zheng J,Li Z B,et al.Cultivation of spirulina in biogas wastewater[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(22):13668-13670.
[29]Markou G,Georgakakis D.Cultivation of filamentous cyanobacteria(blue-green algae)in agro-industrial wastes and wastewaters:a review[J].Applied Energy,2011,88(10):3389-3401.
[30]龚川南,陈玉成,黄磊.曝气吹脱法用于牛场沼液污染物的去除[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2291-2296.Gong C N,Chen Y C,Huang L.Pollutants removal characteristics by air stripping with aeration treating biogas slurry of cattle manure[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(5):2291-2296.