酵母水解物对大口黑鲈生长性能、血浆生化指标以及肝脏组织健康的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母水解物对大口黑鲈生长性能、血浆生化指标以及肝脏组织健康的影响。试验将160尾初始体重为(28.50±0.01)g的大口黑鲈随机分为2组,分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(YH0组,作为对照组)和5 g/kg(YH5组)酵母水解物的饲料。每组设置4个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,养殖周期为10周。结果显示:饲料中添加5 g/kg的酵母水解物能显著提高大口黑鲈的蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05),但对其他生长性能指标没有产生显著影响(P>0.05)。YH5组血浆中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于YH0组(P<0.05),饲料中添加5 g/kg的酵母水解物对其他血浆生化指标未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。针对大口黑鲈肝脏炎症和凋亡因子相关基因相对表达量的分析表明,YH5组肝脏中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)基因的相对表达量较YH0组有下调的趋势(P>0.05),肝脏中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和半胱天冬酶(caspase)家族基因的相对表达量各组间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。在YH0组鱼体肝脏组织发现脂肪浸润以及纤维化表型,在纤维化组织中显示较多的激活态半胱天冬酶3信号,说明该表型下细胞凋亡严重程度高于脂肪肝和正常肝脏,YH5组鱼体肝脏组织未见纤维化表型。由此表明,饲料中添加5 g/kg的酵母水解物可促进大口黑鲈鱼体蛋白质沉积,降低肝脏细胞纤维化的风险。
A 10-week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of yeast hydrolysate on growth performance,plasma biochemical indexes and hepatic tissue health of largemouth bass( Micropterus salmoides). A total of 160 largemouth bass with the initial body weight of( 28.50±0.01) g were randomly divided into two groups,and largemouth bass in the two group were fed diets supplemented with 0( YH0 group,as control group) and 5 g/kg( YH5 group) yeast hydrolysate based on a basal diet. Each group had 4 replicates with 20 largemouth bass in each replicate. The results showed that supplementation of 5 g/kg yeast hydrolysate can significantly increase the protein deposition rate( P<0.05),but had no significant difference on the other growth performance indices( P>0.05). The plasma alkaline phosphatase( AKP) activity in YH5 group was significantly higher than that in YH0 group( P<0.05),while no significant difference was found in other plasma biochemical indexes among two groups( P>0.05).Analysis of liver inflammatory and apoptosis factor gene relative expression levels of largemouth bass showed that the relative expression level of liver transforming growth factor-β1( TGF-β1) gene in YH5 group had a down-regulated trend( P>0.05),and the relative expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA),tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and caspase family genes had no significant differences compared with YH0 group( P>0.05). Fatty infiltration and fibrosis phenotype in liver tissues were observed YH0 group,and more cleaved-caspase 3 signals were observed in liver tissues with fibrosis symptom,which showed the apoptosis degree in fibrosis liver was much higher than that in fatty liver or normal liver tissues. There were no hepatic fibrosis phenotype observed in YH5 group. Accordingly,diet supplemented with 5 g/kg yeast hydrolysate can promote the protein deposition and reduce the risk of hepatic fibrosis for largemouth bass.
A 10-week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of yeast hydrolysate on growth performance,plasma biochemical indexes and hepatic tissue health of largemouth bass( Micropterus salmoides). A total of 160 largemouth bass with the initial body weight of( 28.50±0.01) g were randomly divided into two groups,and largemouth bass in the two group were fed diets supplemented with 0( YH0 group,as control group) and 5 g/kg( YH5 group) yeast hydrolysate based on a basal diet. Each group had 4 replicates with 20 largemouth bass in each replicate. The results showed that supplementation of 5 g/kg yeast hydrolysate can significantly increase the protein deposition rate( P<0.05),but had no significant difference on the other growth performance indices( P>0.05). The plasma alkaline phosphatase( AKP) activity in YH5 group was significantly higher than that in YH0 group( P<0.05),while no significant difference was found in other plasma biochemical indexes among two groups( P>0.05).Analysis of liver inflammatory and apoptosis factor gene relative expression levels of largemouth bass showed that the relative expression level of liver transforming growth factor-β1( TGF-β1) gene in YH5 group had a down-regulated trend( P>0.05),and the relative expression levels of liver α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA),tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and caspase family genes had no significant differences compared with YH0 group( P>0.05). Fatty infiltration and fibrosis phenotype in liver tissues were observed YH0 group,and more cleaved-caspase 3 signals were observed in liver tissues with fibrosis symptom,which showed the apoptosis degree in fibrosis liver was much higher than that in fatty liver or normal liver tissues. There were no hepatic fibrosis phenotype observed in YH5 group. Accordingly,diet supplemented with 5 g/kg yeast hydrolysate can promote the protein deposition and reduce the risk of hepatic fibrosis for largemouth bass.
引文
[1]丁庆秋,陈宇航,曹双俊,等.大口黑鲈的营养需求研究进展[J].养殖与饲料,2013(11):38-43.
[2]YANG G,TIAN X L,DONG S L,et al.Effects of dietary rhubarb,Bacillus cereus,yeast polysaccharide,and florfenicol supplementation on growth,intestinal morphology,and immune responses of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)[J].Aquaculture International,2016,24(2):675-690.
[3]CHEN Y J,LIU Y J,YANG H J,et al.Effect of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance,body composition,antioxidant defence mechanism and liver histology of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2012,18(3):321-331.
[4]GOODWIN A E,LOCHMANN R T,TIEMAN D M,et al.Massive hepatic necrosis and nodular regeneration in largemouth bass fed diets high in available carbohydrate[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,33(4):466-477.
[5]EL-SAYED Y S,KHALIL R H,SAAD T T.Acute toxicity of ochratoxin-a in marine water-reared sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.)[J].Chemosphere,2009,75(7):878-882.
[6]蔡春芳,陈立侨.鱼类对糖的利用评述[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(5):608-613.
[7]蒋利和,吴宏玉,黄凯,等.饲料糖水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝代谢功能的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(2):245-255.
[8]曾本和,向枭,杨文娇,等.酵母水解物对草鱼生长性能和体成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(16):16-19.
[9]于利莉,薛敏,王嘉,等.大口黑鲈对饲料中丁基羟基茴香醚的耐受性评价[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):747-758.
[10]袁瑞敏,刘永坚,王贵平,等.氧化鱼油饲料中添加维生素C对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长及抗氧化能力的影响[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(1):136-144.
[11]张露露.胆汁酸在大口黑鲈饲料中有效性及耐受性评价[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[12]郑银桦,彭聪,吴秀峰,等.酵母酶解物对大口黑鲈生长性能、脂类代谢及肠道组织结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(5):1605-1612.
[13]OLIVA-TELES A,GONALVES P.Partial replacement of fishmeal by brewers yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisae)in diets for sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)juveniles[J].Aquaculture,2001,202(3/4):269-278.
[14]RUMSEY G L,WINFREE R A,HUGHES S G.Nutritional value of dietary nucleic acids and purine bases to rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1992,108(1/2):97-110.
[15]冯健,刘栋辉.草鱼日粮中小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能的影响[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):20-25.
[16]冯健,贾刚,杨长平.鱼粉水解物中小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能的影响[J].水产学报,2005,29(2):222-226.
[17]ERBA D,CIAPPELLANO S,TESTOLIN G.Effect of caseinphosphopeptides on inhibition of calcium intestinal absorption due to phosphate[J].Nutrition Research,2001,21(4):649-656.
[18]梁勤朗.饲料蛋白质水平与必需氨基酸补充对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和免疫力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[19]YU H H,HAN F,XUE M,et al.Efficacy and tolerance of yeast cell wall as an immunostimulant in the diet of Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus)[J].Aquaculture,2014,432:217-224.
[20]唐德约.饲料中添加核苷酸对草鱼生长性能及肠道的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[21]SILVEIRA-COFFIGNY R,PRIE-TOTRUJILLO A,ASCENCIO-VALLE F.Effects of different stressors in haematological variables in cultured Oreochromis aureus S.[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2004,139(4):245-250.
[22]孔祥会,王桂忠,李少菁.低温驯化锯缘青蟹鳃抗氧化防护、ATPase及膜脂肪酸组成变化[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(1):59-66.
[23]武阳,常青,杨旭.不同浓度甲醛致大鼠肝细胞DNA氧化损伤作用[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(11):2415-2419.
[24]宋志明,刘鉴毅,庄平,等.低温胁迫对点篮子鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):142-150.
[25]陈卓鹏.血清碱性磷酸酶对判断肝硬化病情及预后的临床价值[J].临床医药实践,2005,14(5):344-345.
[26]NYBLOM H,BERGGREN U,BALLDIN J,et al.High AST/ALT ratio may indicate advanced alcoholic liver disease rather than heavy drinking[J].Alcohol and Alcoholism,2004,39(4):336-339.
[27]GIANNINI E,RISSO D,TESTA R.Transportability and reproducibility of the AST/ALT ratio in chronic hepatitis C patients[J].The American Journal of Gastroenterology,2001,96(3):918-919.
[28]徐祥泰,陈乃松,刘子科,等.饲料中不同淀粉源及水平对大口黑鲈肝脏组织学的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(1):61-70.
[29]谭肖英,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.饲料中碳水化合物水平对大口黑鲈Micropterus salmoides生长、鱼体营养成分组成的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(增刊1):258-263.
[30]GABBIANI G.The myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases[J].The Journal of Pathology,2003,200(4):500-503.
[31]BEDOSSA P,PARADIS V.Liver extracellular matrix in health and disease[J].Journal of Pathology,2003,200(4):504-515.
[32]LEASK A,ABRAHAM D J.TGF-βsignaling and the fibrotic response[J].FASEB Journal,2004,18(7):816-827.
[33]ABRAHAM D J,XU S W,BLACK C M,et al.Tumor necrosis factorαsuppresses the induction of connective tissue growth factor by transforming growth factor-beta in normal and scleroderma fibroblasts[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2000,275(20):15220-15225.
[34]MCILWAIN D R,BERGER T,MAK T W.Caspase functions in cell death and disease[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2013,5(4):a008656.
[35]FRANK T.Functional role of intrahepatic monocyte subsets for the progression of liver inflammation and liver fibrosis in vivo[J].Fibrogenesis&Tissue Repair,2012,5(Suppl.1):S27.
[36]TALAAT R M,ADEL S,SALEM T A,et al.Correlation between angiogenic/inflammatory mediators in Wister rat model of liver dysplasia[J].Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry,2016,37(5):472-484.
[37]BORDER W A,NOBLE N A.Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis[J].New England Journal of Medicine,1994,331(19):1286-1292.
[38]HUYNH M L N,FADOK V A,HENSON P M.Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingestion of apoptotic cells promotes TGF-β1 secretion and the resolution of inflammation[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,2001,109(1):41-50.
[39]YU L L,YU H H,LIANG X F,et al.Dietary butylated hydroxytoluene improves lipid metabolism,antioxidant and anti-apoptotic response of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2018,72:220-229.
[40]MCILWAIN D R,BERGER T,MAK T W.Caspase functions in cell death and disease[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2013,5(4):a008656.
[41]CHOI J H,SUN W J,KIM H G,et al.Platycodi Radix attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats by inducing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2013,56:231-239.
[42]BROWNING J D,HORTON J D.Molecular mediators of hepatic steatosis and liver injury[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,2004,114(2):147-152.
[2]YANG G,TIAN X L,DONG S L,et al.Effects of dietary rhubarb,Bacillus cereus,yeast polysaccharide,and florfenicol supplementation on growth,intestinal morphology,and immune responses of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)[J].Aquaculture International,2016,24(2):675-690.
[3]CHEN Y J,LIU Y J,YANG H J,et al.Effect of dietary oxidized fish oil on growth performance,body composition,antioxidant defence mechanism and liver histology of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2012,18(3):321-331.
[4]GOODWIN A E,LOCHMANN R T,TIEMAN D M,et al.Massive hepatic necrosis and nodular regeneration in largemouth bass fed diets high in available carbohydrate[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,33(4):466-477.
[5]EL-SAYED Y S,KHALIL R H,SAAD T T.Acute toxicity of ochratoxin-a in marine water-reared sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax L.)[J].Chemosphere,2009,75(7):878-882.
[6]蔡春芳,陈立侨.鱼类对糖的利用评述[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(5):608-613.
[7]蒋利和,吴宏玉,黄凯,等.饲料糖水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长和肝代谢功能的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(2):245-255.
[8]曾本和,向枭,杨文娇,等.酵母水解物对草鱼生长性能和体成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(16):16-19.
[9]于利莉,薛敏,王嘉,等.大口黑鲈对饲料中丁基羟基茴香醚的耐受性评价[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):747-758.
[10]袁瑞敏,刘永坚,王贵平,等.氧化鱼油饲料中添加维生素C对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长及抗氧化能力的影响[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(1):136-144.
[11]张露露.胆汁酸在大口黑鲈饲料中有效性及耐受性评价[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[12]郑银桦,彭聪,吴秀峰,等.酵母酶解物对大口黑鲈生长性能、脂类代谢及肠道组织结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(5):1605-1612.
[13]OLIVA-TELES A,GONALVES P.Partial replacement of fishmeal by brewers yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisae)in diets for sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)juveniles[J].Aquaculture,2001,202(3/4):269-278.
[14]RUMSEY G L,WINFREE R A,HUGHES S G.Nutritional value of dietary nucleic acids and purine bases to rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Aquaculture,1992,108(1/2):97-110.
[15]冯健,刘栋辉.草鱼日粮中小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能的影响[J].水生生物学报,2005,29(1):20-25.
[16]冯健,贾刚,杨长平.鱼粉水解物中小肽对幼龄草鱼生长性能的影响[J].水产学报,2005,29(2):222-226.
[17]ERBA D,CIAPPELLANO S,TESTOLIN G.Effect of caseinphosphopeptides on inhibition of calcium intestinal absorption due to phosphate[J].Nutrition Research,2001,21(4):649-656.
[18]梁勤朗.饲料蛋白质水平与必需氨基酸补充对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和免疫力的影响[D].硕士学位论文.上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[19]YU H H,HAN F,XUE M,et al.Efficacy and tolerance of yeast cell wall as an immunostimulant in the diet of Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus)[J].Aquaculture,2014,432:217-224.
[20]唐德约.饲料中添加核苷酸对草鱼生长性能及肠道的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[21]SILVEIRA-COFFIGNY R,PRIE-TOTRUJILLO A,ASCENCIO-VALLE F.Effects of different stressors in haematological variables in cultured Oreochromis aureus S.[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2004,139(4):245-250.
[22]孔祥会,王桂忠,李少菁.低温驯化锯缘青蟹鳃抗氧化防护、ATPase及膜脂肪酸组成变化[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(1):59-66.
[23]武阳,常青,杨旭.不同浓度甲醛致大鼠肝细胞DNA氧化损伤作用[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(11):2415-2419.
[24]宋志明,刘鉴毅,庄平,等.低温胁迫对点篮子鱼幼鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量的影响[J].海洋渔业,2015,37(2):142-150.
[25]陈卓鹏.血清碱性磷酸酶对判断肝硬化病情及预后的临床价值[J].临床医药实践,2005,14(5):344-345.
[26]NYBLOM H,BERGGREN U,BALLDIN J,et al.High AST/ALT ratio may indicate advanced alcoholic liver disease rather than heavy drinking[J].Alcohol and Alcoholism,2004,39(4):336-339.
[27]GIANNINI E,RISSO D,TESTA R.Transportability and reproducibility of the AST/ALT ratio in chronic hepatitis C patients[J].The American Journal of Gastroenterology,2001,96(3):918-919.
[28]徐祥泰,陈乃松,刘子科,等.饲料中不同淀粉源及水平对大口黑鲈肝脏组织学的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(1):61-70.
[29]谭肖英,刘永坚,田丽霞,等.饲料中碳水化合物水平对大口黑鲈Micropterus salmoides生长、鱼体营养成分组成的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(增刊1):258-263.
[30]GABBIANI G.The myofibroblast in wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases[J].The Journal of Pathology,2003,200(4):500-503.
[31]BEDOSSA P,PARADIS V.Liver extracellular matrix in health and disease[J].Journal of Pathology,2003,200(4):504-515.
[32]LEASK A,ABRAHAM D J.TGF-βsignaling and the fibrotic response[J].FASEB Journal,2004,18(7):816-827.
[33]ABRAHAM D J,XU S W,BLACK C M,et al.Tumor necrosis factorαsuppresses the induction of connective tissue growth factor by transforming growth factor-beta in normal and scleroderma fibroblasts[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2000,275(20):15220-15225.
[34]MCILWAIN D R,BERGER T,MAK T W.Caspase functions in cell death and disease[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2013,5(4):a008656.
[35]FRANK T.Functional role of intrahepatic monocyte subsets for the progression of liver inflammation and liver fibrosis in vivo[J].Fibrogenesis&Tissue Repair,2012,5(Suppl.1):S27.
[36]TALAAT R M,ADEL S,SALEM T A,et al.Correlation between angiogenic/inflammatory mediators in Wister rat model of liver dysplasia[J].Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry,2016,37(5):472-484.
[37]BORDER W A,NOBLE N A.Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis[J].New England Journal of Medicine,1994,331(19):1286-1292.
[38]HUYNH M L N,FADOK V A,HENSON P M.Phosphatidylserine-dependent ingestion of apoptotic cells promotes TGF-β1 secretion and the resolution of inflammation[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,2001,109(1):41-50.
[39]YU L L,YU H H,LIANG X F,et al.Dietary butylated hydroxytoluene improves lipid metabolism,antioxidant and anti-apoptotic response of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2018,72:220-229.
[40]MCILWAIN D R,BERGER T,MAK T W.Caspase functions in cell death and disease[J].Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,2013,5(4):a008656.
[41]CHOI J H,SUN W J,KIM H G,et al.Platycodi Radix attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats by inducing Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2013,56:231-239.
[42]BROWNING J D,HORTON J D.Molecular mediators of hepatic steatosis and liver injury[J].Journal of Clinical Investigation,2004,114(2):147-152.