饲料加工工艺对不同剂型植酸酶加工损耗的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究热处理对2个进口品牌和2个国产品牌耐高温植酸酶的影响及挤压膨化加工工艺(140~175℃)、环膜硬颗粒加工工艺(70~90℃)、冷挤压平模硬颗粒加工工艺(60~66℃)对不同剂型植酸酶活性损耗率的影响。不同品牌耐高温植酸酶在80℃水浴中处理2 min后测定其活性,同时在饲料中添加4 000、5 000 FTU/kg和8 000 FTU/kg活性的普通酸性植酸酶和耐高温植酸酶,分别测定植酸酶在不同制粒加工工艺条件下的活性。结果表明:热处理对不同耐高温植酸酶活性损耗的影响不同,其活性损耗率范围为8.45%~80.07%。在挤压膨化加工工艺条件下,两种植酸酶基本全部失活;在环模硬颗粒加工工艺条件下,普通商品酸性植酸酶活性损耗率为77.71%,而耐高温植酸酶活性损耗率为34.81%;在冷挤压平模硬颗粒加工工艺条件下,普通商品酸性植酸酶活性损耗率为27.40%,耐高温植酸酶活性损耗率为21.15%。采用内添加方式添加植酸酶,不同加工工艺对植酸酶活性损耗率的影响由大到小依次为:挤压膨化加工工艺>环膜硬颗粒加工工艺>冷挤压平模硬颗粒加工工艺。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heating treatment on the loss rate of thermal stable phytases from 2 imported products and 2 domestic products and the loss rate of various phytases treated by extrusion(140~175℃),steam-pelleting(70~90℃)and cold pelleting(60~66℃),respectively.The phytase activity of the thermal stable phytase products from different brands were tested after water bath at 80℃for 2 min.Besides,preparing samples of one thermal stable phytase and one common acid phytase with 4 000,5 000 and 8 000 FTU/kg phytase activity in the mixed feed,and the phytase activity was tested after processing.The results showed as follows:the effect of heating treatment on the loss rate of thermal stable phytase was different with range of 8.45%~80.07%.The complete inactivation of thermal stable phytase and common acid phytase were found after extrusion pelleting process;the phytase activity loss rate of common acid phytase was 77.71%,but the phytase activity loss rate of thermal stable phytas was 34.81%after steam pelleting process;the tase was 27.40%,and the phytase activity loss rate of thermal stable phytas was 21.15%after cold pelleting process.Accordingly,adding phytase before pelleting,the loss rate of phytase activity from high to low after different feed processing technology were extrusion pelleting process,steam pelleting process,and cold pelleting process.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of heating treatment on the loss rate of thermal stable phytases from 2 imported products and 2 domestic products and the loss rate of various phytases treated by extrusion(140~175℃),steam-pelleting(70~90℃)and cold pelleting(60~66℃),respectively.The phytase activity of the thermal stable phytase products from different brands were tested after water bath at 80℃for 2 min.Besides,preparing samples of one thermal stable phytase and one common acid phytase with 4 000,5 000 and 8 000 FTU/kg phytase activity in the mixed feed,and the phytase activity was tested after processing.The results showed as follows:the effect of heating treatment on the loss rate of thermal stable phytase was different with range of 8.45%~80.07%.The complete inactivation of thermal stable phytase and common acid phytase were found after extrusion pelleting process;the phytase activity loss rate of common acid phytase was 77.71%,but the phytase activity loss rate of thermal stable phytas was 34.81%after steam pelleting process;the tase was 27.40%,and the phytase activity loss rate of thermal stable phytas was 21.15%after cold pelleting process.Accordingly,adding phytase before pelleting,the loss rate of phytase activity from high to low after different feed processing technology were extrusion pelleting process,steam pelleting process,and cold pelleting process.
引文
[1]何纯希,孙浪,夏国辉,等.植酸酶在水产动物营养中的应用研究进展[J].当代水产,2015,40(1):88-90.
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[9]Vandenberg G W,Scott S L,Sarker P K,et al.Encapsulation of microbial phytase:Effects on phosphorus bioavailability in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Animal feed science and technology,2011,169(3):230-243.
[10]Liu L,Zhou Y,Wu J,et al.Supplemental graded levels of neutral phytase using pretreatment and spraying methods in the diet of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Aquaculture research,2014,45(12):1932-1941.
[11]Liu L W,Luo Y L,Hou H L,et al.Partial replacement of monocalcium phosphate with neutral phytase in diets for grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2013,29(3):520-525.
[12]Sajjadi M,Carter C G.Effect of phytic acid and phytase on feed intake,growth,digestibility and trypsin activity in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar,L.)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2004,10(2):135-142.
[13]马俊孝,卢彦梅,刘伟,等.植酸酶耐热性评价方法的研究[J].饲料工业,2011,32(18):28-30.
[14]李富伟,汤海鸥,汪勇.耐高温植酸酶生产技术研究进展[J].饲料工业,2008,29(16):17-18.
[15]吴远征,车程川,李纪顺,等.植酸酶的耐热性及其耐热机理的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2005,26(22):22-24.
[16]Jermutus L,Tessier M,Pasamontes L,et al.Structure-based chimeric enzymes as an alternative to directed enzyme evolution:phytase as a test case[J].Journal of biotechnology,2001,85(1):15-24.
[17]Ha N C,Oh B C,Shin S,et al.Crystal structures of a novel,thermostable phytase in partially and fully calcium-loaded states[J].Nature Structural&Molecular Biology,2000,7(2):147-153.
[18]曹玲.植酸酶预处理对尼罗罗非鱼生长及磷代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文,武汉:华中农业大学,2007:1-4.
[19]李富伟,汤海鸥,汪勇.不同制粒温度对植酸酶活性的影响及畜禽饲养对比试验研究[J].饲料广角,2008(17):29-31.
[20]王枫,韩志忠,董宏伟,等.植酸酶的酶学性质研究[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(5):23-25.
[21]王红宁,黄勇,陈惠,等.饲用微生物植酸酶的研究进展[J].国外畜牧学,1998(5):17-20.
[22]雷钊,吴凡,郭爱红,等.模拟高温制粒过程中酶活损失的快速评定方法[J].饲料研究,2012(8):80-82.
[23]Jongbloed A W,Kemme P A.Effect of pelleting mixed feeds on phytase activity and the apparent absorbability of phosphorus and calcium in pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1990,28(3/4):233-242.
[24]Simons P C M,Versteegh H A J,Jongbloed A W,et al.I mprovement of phosphorus availability by microbial phytase in broilers and pigs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1990,64(2):525-540.
[25]Pasamontes L,Haiker M,Wyss M,et al.Gene cloning,purification,and characterization of a heat-stable phytase from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus[J].Applied and Environmental microbiology,1997,63(5):1696-1700.
[26]Tye A,Siu F,Leung T,et al.Molecular cloning and the biochemical characterization of two novel phytases from B.subtilis 168and B.licheniformis[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,59(2):190-197.
[27]Kim Y O,Lee J K,Kim H K,et al.Cloning of the thermostable phytase gene(phy)from Bacillus sp.DS11 and its overexpression in Escherichia coli[J].FEMS microbiology letters,1998,162(1):185-191.
[28]苏东海,刘萍,郑亚安,等.包被工艺条件对植酸酶热稳定性的影响[J].生物加工过程,2004,2(3):40-45.
[29]Kerovuo J,Lauraeus M,Nurminen P,et al.Isolation,characterization,molecular gene cloning,and sequencing of a novel phytase from Bacillus subtilis[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,1998,64(6):2079-2085.
[2]卜小丽,刘翼,刘世操,等.植酸酶处理植物性蛋白质原料对吉富罗非鱼生长性能及磷利用率的影响[J].中国饲料,2016(8):33-36.
[3]郑涛,潘庆,李桂峰,等.无鱼粉饲料中添加磷和植酸酶对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能及体成分的影响[J].中国水产科学,2006,13(1):112-118.
[4]郭利亚,王秋艳,薛敏,等.植酸酶替代无机磷在水产饲料中的应用效果及对养殖环境的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(6):25-28.
[5]秦巍仑,杨毅,冷向军,等.不同磷酸二氢钙含量饲料中添加植酸酶对建鲤生长,磷利用,体组成和消化酶活性的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2015,24(3):383-390.
[6]丛林梅,李萌,王桂芹.黄金鲫肠道和肝胰脏对添加植酸酶的全植物蛋白饲料钙磷离体消化率的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(18):16-20.
[7]李萌,王桂芹.植酸酶对黄金鲫生长,饲料利用和体成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(6):15-18.
[8]曾晓霭,徐树德,陈清华,等.中性植酸酶部分替代磷酸二氢钙对异育银鲫生长性能,体成分及磷利用率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1710-1719.
[9]Vandenberg G W,Scott S L,Sarker P K,et al.Encapsulation of microbial phytase:Effects on phosphorus bioavailability in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Animal feed science and technology,2011,169(3):230-243.
[10]Liu L,Zhou Y,Wu J,et al.Supplemental graded levels of neutral phytase using pretreatment and spraying methods in the diet of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Aquaculture research,2014,45(12):1932-1941.
[11]Liu L W,Luo Y L,Hou H L,et al.Partial replacement of monocalcium phosphate with neutral phytase in diets for grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2013,29(3):520-525.
[12]Sajjadi M,Carter C G.Effect of phytic acid and phytase on feed intake,growth,digestibility and trypsin activity in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar,L.)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2004,10(2):135-142.
[13]马俊孝,卢彦梅,刘伟,等.植酸酶耐热性评价方法的研究[J].饲料工业,2011,32(18):28-30.
[14]李富伟,汤海鸥,汪勇.耐高温植酸酶生产技术研究进展[J].饲料工业,2008,29(16):17-18.
[15]吴远征,车程川,李纪顺,等.植酸酶的耐热性及其耐热机理的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2005,26(22):22-24.
[16]Jermutus L,Tessier M,Pasamontes L,et al.Structure-based chimeric enzymes as an alternative to directed enzyme evolution:phytase as a test case[J].Journal of biotechnology,2001,85(1):15-24.
[17]Ha N C,Oh B C,Shin S,et al.Crystal structures of a novel,thermostable phytase in partially and fully calcium-loaded states[J].Nature Structural&Molecular Biology,2000,7(2):147-153.
[18]曹玲.植酸酶预处理对尼罗罗非鱼生长及磷代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文,武汉:华中农业大学,2007:1-4.
[19]李富伟,汤海鸥,汪勇.不同制粒温度对植酸酶活性的影响及畜禽饲养对比试验研究[J].饲料广角,2008(17):29-31.
[20]王枫,韩志忠,董宏伟,等.植酸酶的酶学性质研究[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(5):23-25.
[21]王红宁,黄勇,陈惠,等.饲用微生物植酸酶的研究进展[J].国外畜牧学,1998(5):17-20.
[22]雷钊,吴凡,郭爱红,等.模拟高温制粒过程中酶活损失的快速评定方法[J].饲料研究,2012(8):80-82.
[23]Jongbloed A W,Kemme P A.Effect of pelleting mixed feeds on phytase activity and the apparent absorbability of phosphorus and calcium in pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1990,28(3/4):233-242.
[24]Simons P C M,Versteegh H A J,Jongbloed A W,et al.I mprovement of phosphorus availability by microbial phytase in broilers and pigs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1990,64(2):525-540.
[25]Pasamontes L,Haiker M,Wyss M,et al.Gene cloning,purification,and characterization of a heat-stable phytase from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus[J].Applied and Environmental microbiology,1997,63(5):1696-1700.
[26]Tye A,Siu F,Leung T,et al.Molecular cloning and the biochemical characterization of two novel phytases from B.subtilis 168and B.licheniformis[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,59(2):190-197.
[27]Kim Y O,Lee J K,Kim H K,et al.Cloning of the thermostable phytase gene(phy)from Bacillus sp.DS11 and its overexpression in Escherichia coli[J].FEMS microbiology letters,1998,162(1):185-191.
[28]苏东海,刘萍,郑亚安,等.包被工艺条件对植酸酶热稳定性的影响[J].生物加工过程,2004,2(3):40-45.
[29]Kerovuo J,Lauraeus M,Nurminen P,et al.Isolation,characterization,molecular gene cloning,and sequencing of a novel phytase from Bacillus subtilis[J].Applied and environmental microbiology,1998,64(6):2079-2085.