乙醇梭菌蛋白替代豆粕对草鱼生长性能、血浆生化指标及肝胰脏和肠道组织病理的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探究新型蛋白质源乙醇梭菌蛋白替代豆粕对草鱼生长性能、血浆生化指标及肝胰脏和肠道组织病理的影响。选择初始体重为(25.70±0.03) g的草鱼540尾,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。对照组(J0组)饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别用5%(J5组)和10%(J10组)的乙醇梭菌蛋白替代基础饲料中27.5%和55.0%的豆粕。试验期10周。结果表明:1) J5组草鱼的存活率显著高于J10组(P<0.05),与J0组无显著差异(P>0.05)。J5组草鱼的增重率显著高于J0组(P<0.05),饲料系数显著低于J0组(P<0.05)。2) J5和J10组草鱼的血浆总胆固醇(TC)含量显著低于J0组(P<0.05); J10组草鱼的血浆葡萄糖含量显著高于J0组(P<0.05); J10组草鱼的血浆谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于J5组(P<0.05),J5组显著高于J0组(P<0.05); J10组草鱼的血浆谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著低于J0和J5组(P<0.05);J10组草鱼的血浆AST/ALT显著高于J0和J5组(P<0.05); J5组草鱼的血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于J0和J10组(P <0.05)。各组草鱼的血浆免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。3) J10组的全鱼水分含量显著高于J5组(P<0.05)。各组的全鱼粗灰分、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量没有显著差异(P>0.05)。4)从肝胰脏和肠道的病理切片可以看出,随着乙醇梭菌蛋白添加量的增加,试验组草鱼肝胰脏核聚集加剧,而肠道病变较对照组有所改善。由此可知,草鱼饲料中添加5%乙醇梭菌蛋白有利于草鱼生长,但添加量提高到10%则会影响草鱼生长,降低存活率,并导致肝脏损伤。因此,乙醇梭菌蛋白在草鱼饲料中的推荐使用量为5%。
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of soybean meal replaced by the newprotein source Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on growth performance,plasma biochemical indexes and hepatopancreas and intestinal histopathology of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idllus).A total of 540 grass carp with an initial body weight of(25.66±0.03) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and30 fish per replicate.Fish in the control group(J0 group) were fed a basal diet,and others in the experimental groups were fed the experimental diets in which 5%(J5 group) and 10%(J10 group) Clostridium autoethanogenum protein replaced 27.5% and 55.0% soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 10 weeks.The results showed as follows:1) the survival rate of grass carp in J5 group was significantly higher than that in J10 group(P<0.05),while had no significant difference with J0 group(P>0.05).The weight gain rate of grass carp in J5 group was significantly higher than that in J0 group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in J0 group(P<0.05).2) The plasma total cholesterol(TC) content of grass carp in J5 and J10 groups was significantly lower than that in J0 group(P<0.05); the plasma glucose content of grass carp in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J0 group(P<0.05); the plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity of grass carp in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J5 group(P <0.05),which in J5 group was significantly higher than that in J0 group(P<0.05); the plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity of grass carp in J10 group was significantly lower than that in J0 and J5 groups(P<0.05); the plasma AST/ALT in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J0 and J5 groups(P<0.05); the plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) content in J5 group was significantly lower than that in J0 and J10 groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the contents of immunoglobulin M(IgM),interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-1α(IL-1α) in plasma among all groups(P>0.05).3) The moisture content of whole fish in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J5 group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the contents of crude ash,crude protein and crude lipid of whole fish among all groups(P>0.05).4) From the pathological sections of hepatopancreas and intestine,it was observed that with the increasing addition of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein,the nuclear accumulation in hepatopancreas increased,while the dorsal intestinal histology was improved compared with the control group.These results indicate that using 5% Clostridium autoethanogenum protein to replace of 27.5% soybean meal is beneficial to the growth performance of grass carp,but 10% addition would negatively affect the growth performance of grass carp,reduce the survival rate,and lead to liver damage.Therefore,the recommended addition of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein in diets for grass carp is 5%.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of soybean meal replaced by the newprotein source Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on growth performance,plasma biochemical indexes and hepatopancreas and intestinal histopathology of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idllus).A total of 540 grass carp with an initial body weight of(25.66±0.03) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and30 fish per replicate.Fish in the control group(J0 group) were fed a basal diet,and others in the experimental groups were fed the experimental diets in which 5%(J5 group) and 10%(J10 group) Clostridium autoethanogenum protein replaced 27.5% and 55.0% soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 10 weeks.The results showed as follows:1) the survival rate of grass carp in J5 group was significantly higher than that in J10 group(P<0.05),while had no significant difference with J0 group(P>0.05).The weight gain rate of grass carp in J5 group was significantly higher than that in J0 group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in J0 group(P<0.05).2) The plasma total cholesterol(TC) content of grass carp in J5 and J10 groups was significantly lower than that in J0 group(P<0.05); the plasma glucose content of grass carp in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J0 group(P<0.05); the plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity of grass carp in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J5 group(P <0.05),which in J5 group was significantly higher than that in J0 group(P<0.05); the plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity of grass carp in J10 group was significantly lower than that in J0 and J5 groups(P<0.05); the plasma AST/ALT in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J0 and J5 groups(P<0.05); the plasma malondialdehyde(MDA) content in J5 group was significantly lower than that in J0 and J10 groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the contents of immunoglobulin M(IgM),interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-1α(IL-1α) in plasma among all groups(P>0.05).3) The moisture content of whole fish in J10 group was significantly higher than that in J5 group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the contents of crude ash,crude protein and crude lipid of whole fish among all groups(P>0.05).4) From the pathological sections of hepatopancreas and intestine,it was observed that with the increasing addition of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein,the nuclear accumulation in hepatopancreas increased,while the dorsal intestinal histology was improved compared with the control group.These results indicate that using 5% Clostridium autoethanogenum protein to replace of 27.5% soybean meal is beneficial to the growth performance of grass carp,but 10% addition would negatively affect the growth performance of grass carp,reduce the survival rate,and lead to liver damage.Therefore,the recommended addition of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein in diets for grass carp is 5%.
引文
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[6] GATLIN III D M,BARROWS F T,BROWN P,et al.Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds:a review[J]. Aquaculture Research,2007,38(6):551-579.
[7]朱长生,尹荣华,赵艳平.发酵豆粕的生产工艺与产品品质关系的研究进展[J].广东饲料,2014,23(5):35-37.
[8]付亭亭,李爱科,梁新晓,等.豆粕中抗营养因子检测技术研究进展[J].粮油食品科技,2014,22(1):85-90.
[9]陈广信,曹赞,高振华.不同发酵豆粕营养价值及应用[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(2):111-114.
[10] XUE M,XIE S Q,CUI Y B.Effect of a feeding stimulant on feeding adaptation of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio(Bloch),fed diets w ith replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal[J].Aquaculture Research,2004,35(5):473-482.
[11] LUO L,XUE M,WU X F,et al. Partial or total replacement of fishmeal by solvent-extracted cottonseed meal in diets for juvenile rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2006,12(6):418-424.
[12]向枭,周兴华,陈建,等.饲料中豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分及血液生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):723-731..
[13]于晓彤.不同蛋白源对草鱼摄食反应、免疫应答及肉质的影响研究[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2016:28-32.
[14]熊智辉.单细胞蛋白在饲料业中的研究进展[J].养殖与饲料,2006(7):11-15.
[15]胡梦红,王有基.菌体蛋白发展现况及其在水产饲料中的应用前景[J].北京水产,2006(3):42-45.
[16]李婷婷,邓雪娟.单细胞蛋白饲料研究进展及其在动物中的应用[J].饲料与畜牧,2015(5):57-61.
[17]赵晓芳.味精菌体蛋白资源调研及营养价值评定[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2003.
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[19] NRC.Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp[M].Washington,D. C:The National Academics Press,2011.
[20] KAUSHIK S J,SEILIEZ I.Protein and amino acid nutrition and metabolism in fish:current knowledge and future needs[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41(3):322-332.
[21] ISO.ISO-9831:1998 Animal feeding stuffs,animal products,and faeces or urine-determination of gross calorific value-bomb calorimeter method[S]. Berlin:Deutsches Institut für Normung,1998.
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