五种诱食剂对中华绒螯蟹诱食效果的研究
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摘要
为提高配合饲料诱食性、减少饲料溶失,试验以均重为(26.4±0.17) g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocher sinensis)为研究对象,尝试用色素指示法筛选出其适用诱食剂。首先,在基础日粮中分别添加4种不同颜色的食用色素,每种颜色饲料取相同颗粒数放入同一养殖箱内,观察饲料颜色对中华绒螯蟹摄食有无影响;然后,以基础日粮为对照,鱿鱼膏(Squid extract,SE)、酵母核苷酸(Yeast hydrolysate,YH)、棉粕酶解肽(Cottonseed mealproteinhydrolysate,CPH)、甜菜碱(Betaine)以及大蒜素(Allicin)5种诱食剂分别设置4个浓度梯度,同种诱食剂不同浓度的饲料添加不同颜色的食用色素,每种颜色饲料取相同颗粒数放入同一养殖箱内,筛选出每种诱食剂最适浓度;之后,选用5种诱食剂的最适浓度,采用同样方法,比较其诱食效果。结果显示:(1)不同颜色的基础日粮对中华绒螯蟹摄食无显著影响(P>0.05);(2)添加0.3%鱿鱼膏组、0.6%酵母核苷酸组、0.6%棉粕酶解肽组以及0.09%大蒜素组的诱食指数最高,且显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加1%甜菜碱组诱食指数最高,但与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)添加0.6%棉粕酶解肽组的诱食指数显著高于除0.6%酵母核苷酸组外的其他各组(P<0.05),高于酵母核苷酸组但差异不显著;0.3%鱿鱼膏组诱食指数略高于0.09%大蒜素组显著高于1%甜菜碱组(P<0.05)。结果表明:饲料颜色对中华绒螯蟹摄食无影响;鱿鱼膏、酵母核苷酸、棉粕酶解肽、甜菜碱和大蒜素的最适浓度依次为:0.3%、0.6%、0.6%、1%和0.09%,其诱食性为:棉粕酶解肽>酵母核苷酸>鱿鱼膏>大蒜素>甜菜碱。其中,0.6%棉粕酶解肽或0.6%酵母核苷酸诱食效果较好,建议作为中华绒螯蟹诱食剂使用。
To increase feed intake and reduce feed loss in the production of Eriocher sinensis,this study screened the attractants for Chinese mitten crab by pigment indication method using crabs of(26.4±0.17) g that were equally divided into 20 concrete tankages.To explore color preference and the optimum supplement dosages of five attractants of squid extract(SE),yeast hydrolysate(YH),cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate(CPH),betaine,and allicin,these five attractants were added pigment of different colors.The results showed that color did not significantly impact on feeding of crab(P>0.05).The stimulant index of fed 0.3% SE,0.6% YH,0.6% CPH and 0.09% allicin diets were significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the control diet.The highest stimulant index of betaine was 1%,but there was no significant difference among other groups(P>0.05).The highest stimulant index was observed in 0.6% CPH group,and the stimulant index of 0.6% CPH and 0.6% YH diet was significantly(P<0.05) higher than other groups.The stimulant index of 0.3% SE diet was higher than 0.09% allicin diet group and 1% betaine diet group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the optimum supplement dosages of SE,YH,CPH,betaine and allicin for crab were 0.3%,0.6%,0.6%,1% and 0.09% orderly and diets preference were following:CPH>YH>SE>allicin>betaine.The 0.6% CPH or 0.6% YH had stronger attractive effect among the attractants,which can be used as attractants of crab.
To increase feed intake and reduce feed loss in the production of Eriocher sinensis,this study screened the attractants for Chinese mitten crab by pigment indication method using crabs of(26.4±0.17) g that were equally divided into 20 concrete tankages.To explore color preference and the optimum supplement dosages of five attractants of squid extract(SE),yeast hydrolysate(YH),cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate(CPH),betaine,and allicin,these five attractants were added pigment of different colors.The results showed that color did not significantly impact on feeding of crab(P>0.05).The stimulant index of fed 0.3% SE,0.6% YH,0.6% CPH and 0.09% allicin diets were significantly(P<0.05) higher than that of the control diet.The highest stimulant index of betaine was 1%,but there was no significant difference among other groups(P>0.05).The highest stimulant index was observed in 0.6% CPH group,and the stimulant index of 0.6% CPH and 0.6% YH diet was significantly(P<0.05) higher than other groups.The stimulant index of 0.3% SE diet was higher than 0.09% allicin diet group and 1% betaine diet group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the optimum supplement dosages of SE,YH,CPH,betaine and allicin for crab were 0.3%,0.6%,0.6%,1% and 0.09% orderly and diets preference were following:CPH>YH>SE>allicin>betaine.The 0.6% CPH or 0.6% YH had stronger attractive effect among the attractants,which can be used as attractants of crab.
引文
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[2]Que Y Q,Yang Z G,Ji L Y,et al.Effects of formulated dietary replacement of trash fish on growth performance,body composition and fatty acid composition of Eriocheir sinensis[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(10):1612-1623[阙有清,杨志刚,纪连元,等.配合饲料替代杂鱼对中华绒螯蟹生长发育、体成分及脂肪酸组成的影响.水产学报,2012,36(10):1612-1623]
[3]Yang X H.A new comparative study of Eriocheir sinensis phagostimulant[D].Thesis for Master of Science,Suzhou University,Soochow.2009[杨学华.河蟹饲料用新型诱食剂的比较研究.硕士学位论文,苏州大学,苏州.2009]
[4]Yi J H,Yang F,Nie Q,et al.Research and application of feeding attractants in aquatic animal[J].China Feed,2015,(5):37-41[易建华,杨凡,聂琴,等.水产诱食剂的应用与研究.中国饲料,2015,(5):37-41]
[5]National Research Council.Committee on the Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp[M].Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp,Pittsburgh:National Academies Press.USA.2011.311
[6]Liang M Q,Yu H,Chang Q,et al.Feeding attraction activities of food attractants for 3 species of fishes[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2000,7(1):60-63[梁萌青,于宏,常青,等.不同诱食剂对3种鱼类诱食活性的研究.中国水产科学,2000,7(1):60-63]
[7]Cai C F,Jiang G M,Ye Y T,et al.Screening the attractants for Eriocher Sinensis by pigment indication method[J].China Feed,2006,(15):35-36[蔡春芳,姜光明,叶元土,等.色素指示法筛选河蟹诱食剂.中国饲料,2006,(15):35-36]
[8]Xue M,Xie S Q,Cui Y B,et al.Advances in studies on fish feeding stimulants[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2003,27(6):639-643[薛敏,解绶启,崔奕波,等.鱼类促摄食物质研究进展.水生生物学报,2003,27(6):639-643]
[9]Carr W E.Chemoreception and feeding behavior in the pigfish,Orthopristis chrysopterus:characterization and identification of stimulatory substances in a shrimp extract[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology APhysiology,1976,55(2):153-157
[10]Sun C X,Xu W N,Zhang D D,et al.Different preference is modulated by the feeding stimulants supplementation in different Chinese soft‐shelled turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis)basic diets[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2017,24:1-9
[11]Liu X D,Wang J Y,Zhang L M,et al.Effects of diet colors on the ingestion of young starry flounder(Platichthys stellatus Pallas)[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2008,(12):39-40[柳旭东,王际英,张利民,等.饲料颜色对星斑川鲽幼鱼摄食影响的研究.粮食与饲料工业,2008,(12):39-40]
[12]Tian A M.Technology development and industrialization of improved squid paste[D].Thesis for Master of Science,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou.2012[田爱民.鱿鱼膏的改良技术开发与产业化.硕士学位论文,华南理工大学,广州.2012]
[13]Xue M,Xie S Q,Cui Y B.Effect of a feeding stimulant on feeding adaptation of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio(Bloch),fed diets with replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,35(5):473-482
[14]Toften H,Jobling M.Feed intake and growth of Atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L.fed diets supplemented with oxytetracycline and squid extract[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,1997,3(3):145-151
[15]Zhang J N.Research development of yeast nucleotides in aquatic animal and its application in aquatic feed[J].Feed Industry,2016,37(14):28-31[张蕉南.酵母核苷酸在水产动物上的研究进展与应用前景.饲料工业,2016,37(14):28-31]
[16]Liu W B,Yin J,Wang T.Analysis of protein components in cottonseed meal and hydrolysated of cottonseed meal hydrolyzed by subtilisin[J].Food&Fermentation Industries,2005,31(11):105-108[刘文斌,尹君,王恬.棉粕蛋白及其枯草蛋白酶酶解产物的组分分析.食品与发酵工业,2005,31(11):105-108]
[17]Yin Z Y,Xue M,Zheng Y H,et al.Effect of yeast extract as feeding stimulants on diet preference of gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio[J].Feed Industry,2017,38(8):4-8[尹子煜,薛敏,郑银桦,等.酵母提取物在异育银鲫饲料中促摄食作用的研究.饲料工业,2017,38(8):4-8]
[18]Barros M M,Guimar?es I G,Pezzato L E,et al.The effects of dietary nucleotide mixture on growth performance,haematological and immunological parameters of Nile tilapia[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(4):987-993
[19]Cao J M,Xu D D,Huang Y H,et al.Effects of dietary nucleotides on growth performance,tissue biochemical composition and non-specific immunity of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(4):594-603[曹俊明,许丹丹,黄燕华,等.饲料中添加核苷酸对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、组织生化组成及非特异性免疫功能的影响.水产学报,2011,35(4):594-603]
[20]Cai C F,Chen L Q,Jiang G M,et al.Research on the effect of squilla protein plasma on food intake and growth of Chinese mitten crab[J].Feed Industry,2007,28(16):24-26[蔡春芳,陈立侨,姜光明,等.虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹摄食和生长影响的研究.饲料工业,2007,28(16):24-26]
[21]Johnsen P B,Adams M A.Chemical feeding stimulants for the herbivorous fish,Tilapia zillii[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Physiology,1986,83(1):109-112
[22]Yang D Q,Yan A S,Chen F.Preliminary studies on feeding attraction activities of several amino acid and aroma matter for Monopterus albus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(2):205-208[杨代勤,严安生,陈芳.几种氨基酸及香味物质对黄鳝诱食活性的初步研究.水生生物学报,2002,26(2):205-208]
[23]Yan X Z,Qiu L Q.Effect of dietary betaine on the activities of protease and amylase in Tilapia nilotica[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1997,4(1):88-93[阎希柱,邱岭泉.饲料中添加甜菜碱对尼罗罗非鱼蛋白酶,淀粉酶活性的影响.中国水产科学,1997,4(1):88-93]
[24]Shankar R,Murthy H S,Pavadi P,et al.Effect of betaine as a feed attractant on growth,survival,and feed utilization in fingerlings of the Indian major carp,Labeo rohita[J].The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture=Bamidgeh,2008,60(2):95-99
[25]Felix N,Sudharsan M.Effect of glycine betaine,a feed attractant affecting growth and feed conversion of juvenile freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,10(3):193-197
[26]He L J,Mo S J,Shi X J,et al.Study on feed attractants for Pseudobagrus fulvidraco[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University(Natural Science),2005,27(3):416-419[何利君,莫绍橘,施新建,等.黄颡鱼摄饵促进物质的研究.西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,27(3):416-419]
[27]Hu H.The study of the application of allicin in new feed additive[J].Jiangxi Feed,2009,(6):20-22[胡晖.新型饲料添加剂大蒜素的应用研究.江西饲料,2009,(6):20-22]
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