硒源及硒水平对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、免疫酶活性和全鱼及脊椎骨硒含量的影响
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摘要
本试验在不同硒源及硒水平下,研究其对斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioide)幼鱼的生长性能、免疫酶活性和全鱼及脊椎骨硒含量的影响,确定斜带石斑鱼幼鱼对饲料中硒的最适需要量以及相对生物学利用率。选取810尾初重为(8.99±0.03) g的斜带石斑鱼幼鱼,随机分为9组,每组3个重复。试验分别以亚硒酸钠(Se-S)和蛋氨酸硒(Se-Met)为硒源,在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、0.3、0.6、0.9和1.2 mg/kg的硒。基础饲料硒水平为0.48 mg/kg,Se-S添加组饲料硒水平分别为0.82、1.15、1.32和1.79 mg/kg; Se-Met添加组饲料硒水平分别为0.81、1.18、1.51和1.94 mg/kg。养殖周期为10周。结果表明:1)饲料中不同硒水平对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均有显著影响(P<0.05),对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的成活率(SR)和饲料系数(FCR)无显著影响(P>0.05)。以Se-S为硒源,当饲料硒水平为1.15 mg/kg时,WGR和SGR最高;以Se-Met为硒源,当饲料硒水平为1.18 mg/kg时,WGR和SGR最高。2)斜带石斑鱼幼鱼血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均受到饲料硒水平的显著影响(P<0.05)。3)鱼体和脊椎骨硒含量均随着饲料中硒水平的增加而呈线性升高,且脊椎骨硒含量低于鱼体。综上所述,分别以Se-S和Se-Met为硒源,SGR为评价指标,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼对饲料中硒的最适需要量分别为0.98和1.01 mg/kg。在本试验条件下,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼Se-Met的生物利用率比Se-S高,相当于Se-S的112.5%。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of selenium sources and selenium levels on growth performance,immune enzyme activities and selenium contents of whole fish and vertebrae for juvenile grouper( Epinephelus coioide),and to determine the optimal selenium requirement in diets and relative bioavailability. A total of 810 juvenile grouper with an initial average weight of( 8.99±0.03) g were randomly assigned into 9 groups with 3 replicates per group. Selenite sodium( Se-S) and selenite methionine( Se-M et)were used as selenite sources,and five selenium supplemental levels were 0,0.3,0.6,0.9 and 1.2 mg/kg,respectively. Selenium level in a basal diet was 0. 48 mg/kg; selenium levels in diets of Se-S groups were0.82,1.15,1.32 and 1. 79 mg/kg; selenium levels in diets of Se-M et groups were 0. 81,1. 18,1. 51 and1.94 mg/kg,respectively. Raising period was 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary selenium supplemental levels had significant effects on weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rate( SGR) of juvenile grouper( P < 0. 05),and had no significant effects on survival rate( SR) and feed conversion ratio( FCR) of juvenile grouper( P>0.05). When Se-S used as the selenium source,the diet supplemented with1.15 mg/kg selenium had the highest WGR and SGR,and when Se-M et used as the selenium source,the diet supplemented with 1. 18 mg/kg selenium had the highest WGR and SGR. 2) The different dietary selenium levels significantly affected the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase( AKP) and liver total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px),glutathione reductase( GR) and the content of liver malondialdehyde( M DA)( P<0.05). 3) The selenium contents in the whole fish and vertebrae were linear increased with the increased selenium levels,and vertebral selenium content was much lower than that of the whole fish. In conclusion,with the SGR as an evaluation index and the Se-S and Se-M et as the selenium sources,the optimal supplemental levels of selenium in juvenile grouper diets are 0. 98 and 1.01 mg/kg,respectively. Under this experimental condition,the bioavailability of Se-M et is higher than that of Se-S,which is 112.5% of that of Se-S.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2777-2787]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of selenium sources and selenium levels on growth performance,immune enzyme activities and selenium contents of whole fish and vertebrae for juvenile grouper( Epinephelus coioide),and to determine the optimal selenium requirement in diets and relative bioavailability. A total of 810 juvenile grouper with an initial average weight of( 8.99±0.03) g were randomly assigned into 9 groups with 3 replicates per group. Selenite sodium( Se-S) and selenite methionine( Se-M et)were used as selenite sources,and five selenium supplemental levels were 0,0.3,0.6,0.9 and 1.2 mg/kg,respectively. Selenium level in a basal diet was 0. 48 mg/kg; selenium levels in diets of Se-S groups were0.82,1.15,1.32 and 1. 79 mg/kg; selenium levels in diets of Se-M et groups were 0. 81,1. 18,1. 51 and1.94 mg/kg,respectively. Raising period was 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) dietary selenium supplemental levels had significant effects on weight gain rate( WGR) and specific growth rate( SGR) of juvenile grouper( P < 0. 05),and had no significant effects on survival rate( SR) and feed conversion ratio( FCR) of juvenile grouper( P>0.05). When Se-S used as the selenium source,the diet supplemented with1.15 mg/kg selenium had the highest WGR and SGR,and when Se-M et used as the selenium source,the diet supplemented with 1. 18 mg/kg selenium had the highest WGR and SGR. 2) The different dietary selenium levels significantly affected the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase( AKP) and liver total superoxide dismutase( T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px),glutathione reductase( GR) and the content of liver malondialdehyde( M DA)( P<0.05). 3) The selenium contents in the whole fish and vertebrae were linear increased with the increased selenium levels,and vertebral selenium content was much lower than that of the whole fish. In conclusion,with the SGR as an evaluation index and the Se-S and Se-M et as the selenium sources,the optimal supplemental levels of selenium in juvenile grouper diets are 0. 98 and 1.01 mg/kg,respectively. Under this experimental condition,the bioavailability of Se-M et is higher than that of Se-S,which is 112.5% of that of Se-S.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2777-2787]
引文
[1]朱春峰.有机硒和无机硒对异育银鲫生长、生理的影响[D].硕士学位论文.苏州:苏州大学,2009.
[2]ASHOURI S,KEYVANSHOKOOH S,SALATI A P,et al.Effects of different levels of dietary selenium nanoparticles on grow th performance,muscle composition,blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant status of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquaculture,2015,446:25-29.
[3]POSTON H A,COMBS J F,Jr,LEIBOVITZ L.Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar):gross,histological and biochemical deficiency signs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1976,106(7):892-904.
[4]HAMILTON S J.Review of selenium toxicity in the aquatic food chain[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326(1/2/3):1-31.
[5]左晓磊,韩爱云.微量元素硒的营养功能[J].河北畜牧兽医,2005(5):40-42.
[6]HICKS B D,HILTON J W,FERGUSON H W.Influence of dietary selenium on the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson[J].Journal of Fish Diseases,1984,7(5):379-389.
[7]苏传福,罗莉,文华,等.硒对草鱼生长、营养组成和消化酶活性的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(2):124-129.
[8]金明昌,汪开毓.不同硒水平对幼鲤生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(5):32-36.
[9]LIN Y H,SHIAU S Y.Dietary selenium requirements of juvenile grouper,Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Aquaculture,2005,250(1/2):356-363.
[10]AOAC.Official methods of analysis[S].16th ed.Gaithersburg,M D:AOAC International,1995.
[11]徐辉碧,黄开勋.硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994:32-34.
[12]BURK R F.Selenium,an antioxidant nutrient[J].Nutrition in Clinical Care,2002,5(2):75-79.
[13]倪银星.硒蛋白、硒与内分泌激素的关系研究进展[J].国外医学卫生学分册,2002,29(1):38-41,57.
[14]沈同,王镜岩.生物化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:78-79.
[15]梁萌青,王家林,常青,等.饲料中硒的添加水平对鲈鱼生长性能及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,13(6):1017-1022.
[16]SAFFARI S,KEYVANSHOKOOH S,ZAKERI M,et al.Effects of dietary organic,inorganic,and nanoparticulate selenium sources on grow th,hemato-immunological,and serum biochemical parameters of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2018,44(4):1087-1097.
[17]LIN Y H.Effects of dietary organic and inorganic selenium on the grow th,selenium concentration and meat quality of juvenile grouper Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Aquaculture,2014,430:114-119.
[18]LIU K,WANG X J,AI Q H,et al.Dietary selenium requirement for juvenile cobia,Rachycentron canadum L.[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41(10):e594-e601.
[19]HILTON J W,HODSON P V,SLINGER S J.The requirement and toxicity of selenium in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1980,110(12):2527-2535.
[20]GATLINⅢD M,WILSON R P.Dietary selenium requirement of fingerling channel catfish[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1984,114(3):627-633.
[21]曹娟娟.大黄鱼幼鱼微量元素铜和硒的营养生理研究[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[22]FAIRWEATHER-TAIT S J,COLLINGS R,HURSTR.Selenium bioavailability:current know ledge and future research requirements[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2010,91(5):1484S-1491S.
[23]ZHU Y,CHEN Y J,LIU Y J,et al.Effect of dietary selenium level on grow th performance,body composition and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activities of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoide[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,43(11):1660-1668.
[24]BELL J G,PIRIE B J S,ADRON J W,et al.Some effects of selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase(EC 1.11.1.9)activity and tissue pathology in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1986,55(2):305-311.
[25]苏传福,罗莉,李芹,等.硒对草鱼抗氧化功能及组织结构的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,33(5):69-75.
[26]NIELSEN T K,WOLSTRUP C,SCHIRMER A L,et al.M ulberry heart disease in young pigs w ithout vitamin E and selenium deficiency[J].Veterinary Record,1989,124(20):535-537.
[27]刘康.军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum)微量元素硒、锰的营养生理研究[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[28]HAN D,XIE S,LIU M,et al.The effects of dietary selenium on grow th performances,oxidative stress and tissue selenium concentration of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(3):e741-e749.
[29]谭树华,何典翼,严芳,等.亚硝酸钠对鲫鱼肝脏丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(S1):21-24.
[30]COTTER P A,CRAIG S R,MCLEAN E.Hyperaccumulation of selenium in hybrid striped bass:a functional food for aquaculture?[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2008,14(3):215-222.
[31]LORENTZEN M,MAAGE A,JULSHAMN K.Effects of dietary selenite or selenomethionine on tissue selenium levels of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,1994,121(4):359-367.
[32]魏文志,杨志强,罗方妮,等.饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响[J].淡水渔业,2001,31(3):45-46.
[2]ASHOURI S,KEYVANSHOKOOH S,SALATI A P,et al.Effects of different levels of dietary selenium nanoparticles on grow th performance,muscle composition,blood biochemical profiles and antioxidant status of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquaculture,2015,446:25-29.
[3]POSTON H A,COMBS J F,Jr,LEIBOVITZ L.Vitamin E and selenium interrelations in the diet of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar):gross,histological and biochemical deficiency signs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1976,106(7):892-904.
[4]HAMILTON S J.Review of selenium toxicity in the aquatic food chain[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,326(1/2/3):1-31.
[5]左晓磊,韩爱云.微量元素硒的营养功能[J].河北畜牧兽医,2005(5):40-42.
[6]HICKS B D,HILTON J W,FERGUSON H W.Influence of dietary selenium on the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson[J].Journal of Fish Diseases,1984,7(5):379-389.
[7]苏传福,罗莉,文华,等.硒对草鱼生长、营养组成和消化酶活性的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2007,16(2):124-129.
[8]金明昌,汪开毓.不同硒水平对幼鲤生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(5):32-36.
[9]LIN Y H,SHIAU S Y.Dietary selenium requirements of juvenile grouper,Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Aquaculture,2005,250(1/2):356-363.
[10]AOAC.Official methods of analysis[S].16th ed.Gaithersburg,M D:AOAC International,1995.
[11]徐辉碧,黄开勋.硒的化学、生物化学及其在生命科学中的应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1994:32-34.
[12]BURK R F.Selenium,an antioxidant nutrient[J].Nutrition in Clinical Care,2002,5(2):75-79.
[13]倪银星.硒蛋白、硒与内分泌激素的关系研究进展[J].国外医学卫生学分册,2002,29(1):38-41,57.
[14]沈同,王镜岩.生物化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990:78-79.
[15]梁萌青,王家林,常青,等.饲料中硒的添加水平对鲈鱼生长性能及相关酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2007,13(6):1017-1022.
[16]SAFFARI S,KEYVANSHOKOOH S,ZAKERI M,et al.Effects of dietary organic,inorganic,and nanoparticulate selenium sources on grow th,hemato-immunological,and serum biochemical parameters of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2018,44(4):1087-1097.
[17]LIN Y H.Effects of dietary organic and inorganic selenium on the grow th,selenium concentration and meat quality of juvenile grouper Epinephelus malabaricus[J].Aquaculture,2014,430:114-119.
[18]LIU K,WANG X J,AI Q H,et al.Dietary selenium requirement for juvenile cobia,Rachycentron canadum L.[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41(10):e594-e601.
[19]HILTON J W,HODSON P V,SLINGER S J.The requirement and toxicity of selenium in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1980,110(12):2527-2535.
[20]GATLINⅢD M,WILSON R P.Dietary selenium requirement of fingerling channel catfish[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1984,114(3):627-633.
[21]曹娟娟.大黄鱼幼鱼微量元素铜和硒的营养生理研究[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2014.
[22]FAIRWEATHER-TAIT S J,COLLINGS R,HURSTR.Selenium bioavailability:current know ledge and future research requirements[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2010,91(5):1484S-1491S.
[23]ZHU Y,CHEN Y J,LIU Y J,et al.Effect of dietary selenium level on grow th performance,body composition and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activities of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoide[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,43(11):1660-1668.
[24]BELL J G,PIRIE B J S,ADRON J W,et al.Some effects of selenium deficiency on glutathione peroxidase(EC 1.11.1.9)activity and tissue pathology in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1986,55(2):305-311.
[25]苏传福,罗莉,李芹,等.硒对草鱼抗氧化功能及组织结构的影响[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,33(5):69-75.
[26]NIELSEN T K,WOLSTRUP C,SCHIRMER A L,et al.M ulberry heart disease in young pigs w ithout vitamin E and selenium deficiency[J].Veterinary Record,1989,124(20):535-537.
[27]刘康.军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum)微量元素硒、锰的营养生理研究[D].硕士学位论文.青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[28]HAN D,XIE S,LIU M,et al.The effects of dietary selenium on grow th performances,oxidative stress and tissue selenium concentration of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(3):e741-e749.
[29]谭树华,何典翼,严芳,等.亚硝酸钠对鲫鱼肝脏丙二醛含量和总抗氧化能力的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(S1):21-24.
[30]COTTER P A,CRAIG S R,MCLEAN E.Hyperaccumulation of selenium in hybrid striped bass:a functional food for aquaculture?[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2008,14(3):215-222.
[31]LORENTZEN M,MAAGE A,JULSHAMN K.Effects of dietary selenite or selenomethionine on tissue selenium levels of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,1994,121(4):359-367.
[32]魏文志,杨志强,罗方妮,等.饲料中添加有机硒对异育银鲫生长的影响[J].淡水渔业,2001,31(3):45-46.