径向井引导堵剂注入油井堵水数值模拟
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摘要
油井堵水作为一种封堵水流优势通道的方法已在油田广泛应用,为解决传统的堵剂笼统注入油井堵水方法所面临的污染油藏和注入压力大的问题,提出一种具有精准投放和降压增注功能的径向井引导堵剂注入油井堵水新工艺,建立了数学模型,通过COMSOL软件对堵水效果进行了评价.数值模拟结果表明,径向井引导堵剂注入适用于渗透率级差低的非均质油藏.堵剂在水流优势通道内沿径向井作径向流动,实现堵剂的精准投放.注入压降集中分布在径向井周围,等压线以径向井为轴线对称分布,高注入压力随径向井长度的增加而深入地层深处.径向井增大了堵剂注入面积,堵剂在水流优势通道内流动阻力小,减小了注入压力.堵剂注入时间取决于水流优势通道宽度和堵剂注入速度,注入时间过长,堵剂将逐渐进入到低渗地层,对油藏造成污染.径向井长度取决于堵剂强度和地层压力梯度,堵剂前缘所在地层压力梯度要小于堵剂突破强度.径向井数目取决于水流优势通道宽度和地层深度,当层内非均质地层厚度小于水流优势通道宽度时,采用单径向井,反之纵向上布置多个径向井.
Water plugging technique for oil production wells has been widely applied in oilfields as a method to plug the dominant channel of water flow. In order to solve the problems of reservoir pollution and high injection pressure caused by the conventional plugging methods with general injection of plugging agent into oil well,a new technologyof water plugging in oil wells with plugging agent injection guided by the radial well is proposed,with the advantage of more accurate injection of plugging agent and effective reduction of injection pressure. A numerical model is established by using COMSOL software for the evaluation of the water plugging effect. Numerical simulation results show that plugging agent injection guided by radial well is suitable for heterogeneous reservoir with lower permeability ratio. Plugging agent flows radially along the radial well in the water-dominant flow channel to realize the accurate injection of plugging agent. Injection pressure drop concentrates around the radial well nearby,the isopiestic lines distribute symmetrically along the radial well. With the increase of the radial well length,the high injection pressure goes deep into the remote reservoir,and the contacted area of plugging agent is increased,the flow resistance of plugging agent in the water-dominant flowing channel is smaller,the injection pressure is mitigated. In addition,the injection time of plugging agent depends on the width of water-dominant flowing channel and the injection velocity of plugging agent. While the injection time is too long,the plugging agent will gradually flow into the low permeability formation and then cause the pollution in reservoir. Also,the length of radial well depends on the strength of plugging agent and the gradient of formation pressure. The formation pressure gradient at the front edge of plugging agent should be less than the breakthrough strength of plugging agent. The numbers of radial wells depend on the width of water-dominant flowing channel and the depth of reservoir formation. While the thickness of heterogeneous formation is less than the width of water flow dominant belt,a single radial well should be enough to solve the problems. Otherwise,several radial wells will be needed vertically.
Water plugging technique for oil production wells has been widely applied in oilfields as a method to plug the dominant channel of water flow. In order to solve the problems of reservoir pollution and high injection pressure caused by the conventional plugging methods with general injection of plugging agent into oil well,a new technologyof water plugging in oil wells with plugging agent injection guided by the radial well is proposed,with the advantage of more accurate injection of plugging agent and effective reduction of injection pressure. A numerical model is established by using COMSOL software for the evaluation of the water plugging effect. Numerical simulation results show that plugging agent injection guided by radial well is suitable for heterogeneous reservoir with lower permeability ratio. Plugging agent flows radially along the radial well in the water-dominant flow channel to realize the accurate injection of plugging agent. Injection pressure drop concentrates around the radial well nearby,the isopiestic lines distribute symmetrically along the radial well. With the increase of the radial well length,the high injection pressure goes deep into the remote reservoir,and the contacted area of plugging agent is increased,the flow resistance of plugging agent in the water-dominant flowing channel is smaller,the injection pressure is mitigated. In addition,the injection time of plugging agent depends on the width of water-dominant flowing channel and the injection velocity of plugging agent. While the injection time is too long,the plugging agent will gradually flow into the low permeability formation and then cause the pollution in reservoir. Also,the length of radial well depends on the strength of plugging agent and the gradient of formation pressure. The formation pressure gradient at the front edge of plugging agent should be less than the breakthrough strength of plugging agent. The numbers of radial wells depend on the width of water-dominant flowing channel and the depth of reservoir formation. While the thickness of heterogeneous formation is less than the width of water flow dominant belt,a single radial well should be enough to solve the problems. Otherwise,several radial wells will be needed vertically.
引文
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[2]赵鑫,刘月田,丁耀,等.海上油田优势水流通道模糊综合识别模型[J].断块油气田,2017,24(1):91-95.ZHAO Xin,LIU Yuetian,DING Yao,et al.Fuzzy comprehensive recognition model of dominant water channels in offshore oilfield[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2017,24(1):91-95.(in Chinese)
[3]邓晓娟,张晓磊,朱静,等.储层水流优势通道模式及识别分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(5):69-74.DENG Xiaojuan,ZHANG Xiaolei,ZHU Jing,et al.Pattern of preferential reservoir water lfow passage and discriminator analysis[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(5):69-74.(in Chinese)
[4]陈程,宋新民,李军.曲流河点砂坝储层水流优势通道及其对剩余油分布的控制[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):257-263.CHEN Cheng,SONG Xinmin,LI Jun.Dominant flow channels of point-bar reservoirs and their control on the distribution of remaining oils[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):257-263.(in Chinese)
[5]唐可,胡冰艳,廖元淇,等.用于封堵新疆油田砾岩油藏水流优势通道的调剖剂研究[J].油田化学,2016,33(4):633-637.TANG Ke,HU Bingyan,LIAO Yuanqi,et al.Sealing dominant water channel of conglomerate reservoir in Xinjiang oilfield by profile control agent[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2016,33(4):633-637.(in Chinese)
[6]汪玉琴,陈方鸿,顾鸿君,等.利用示踪剂研究井间水流优势通道[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):512-514.WANG Yuqin,CHEN Fanghong,GU Hongjun,et al.Using tracer to study interwell water flow predominant channel[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):512-514.(in Chinese)
[7]盖德林,刘春天,贾振岐.注采井间水流优势方向的识别[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(5):47-50.GAI Delin,LIU Chuntian,JIA Zhenqi.Recognition of dominant water flowing direction between injectors and producers[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(5):47-50.(in Chinese)
[8]IMQAM A,BAI B,DELSHAD M.Micro-particle gel transport performance through unconsolidated sandstone and its blocking to water flow during conformance control treatments[J].Fuel,2018,231(1):479-488.
[9]GU Chenglin,LVYahui,FAN Xiqun,et al.Study on rheology and microstructure of phenolic resin crosslinked nonionic polyacrylamide(NPAM)gel for profile control and water shutoff treatments[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,169(1):546-552.
[10]熊春明,刘玉章,黄伟,等.深部液流转向与调驱技术现状与对策[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(4):504-509.XIONG Chunming,LIU Yuzhang,HUANG Wei,et al.Status and solutions of deep fluid diversion and profile control technique[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(4):504-509.(in Chinese)
[11]何云章,卫丽霞,卫红霞.超微粉体堵水剂的研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(6):110-113.HE Yunzhang,WEI Lixia,WEI Hongxia.Research and application of ultrafine powder water plugging agent[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(6):110-113.(in Chinese)
[12]杨永辉.PR-PC/QLC-I堵水调剖剂室内评价及应用[J].长江大学学报自然科学版,2016,13(10):30-32.YANG Yonghui.Laboratory evaluation of PR-PC/QLC-1water plugging and profile control agent and its application[J],Journal of Yangtze University Natural Science Edition,2016,13(10):30-32.(in Chinese)
[13]秦国伟,蒲春生,吴梅,等.笼统注入下可动凝胶选择性相对进入深度理论计算分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(1):44-47.QIN Guowei,PU Chunsheng,WU Mei,et al.Theoretical analysis on movable gel about selective penetrated-depth under overall injection[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(1):44-47.(in Chinese)
[14]陈广宇,田燕春,赵新,等.大庆油田二类油层复合驱注入方式优化[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):459-464.CHEN Guangyu,TIAN Yanchun,ZHAO Xin,et al.Optimization of the ASP flooding injection pattern for sub-layers in Daqing oilfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):459-464.(in Chinese)
[15]付亚荣,陈宝新,刘建华,等.基于酸性表面活性剂的油井解堵工艺[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(3):67-68.FU Yarong,CHEN Baoxin,LIU Jianhua,et al.Plug removal technology of oil wells based on acid surfactant[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(3):67-68.(in Chinese)
[16]余海棠,郝世彦,赵晨虹.二氧化氯复合解堵技术[J].断块油气田,2009,16(6):112-114.YU Haitang,HAO Shiyan,ZHAO Chenhong.Application of chlorine dioxide composite blockage removal technology[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field,2009,16(6):112-114.(in Chinese)