移栽对黄瓜秧苗次生代谢物的影响
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摘要
针对大田生产中黄瓜育苗移栽后易出现缓苗期的问题,以两叶一心期的黄瓜叶片作为研究对象,运用代谢组学的方法分析黄瓜在不移栽与移栽2种处理下叶片中的代谢物差异。结果表明,不移栽处理与移栽处理后1、3、5 d的样品代谢物没有显著分离,而7 d的样品代谢物却出现了明显的分离,这说明移栽后7 d开始出现缓苗期,确定了开展缓苗期研究的适宜时期。同时,对不移栽处理与移栽处理后7 d的样品代谢物进行了OPLS-DA二元统计分析,找到了6种差异化代谢物,并通过UNIFY数据库鉴定出其中4种化合物,分别为戊糖、7-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基、(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷山柰酚-3-O-(2G-α-L-鼠李糖基)-芸香糖苷、商陆苷元。其中,戊糖属于糖类,7-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基、(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷山柰酚-3-O-(2G-α-L-鼠李糖基)-芸香糖苷属于黄酮类物质,商陆苷元属于萜类物质,其余2种化合物未知。在不移栽和移栽2个处理中,这6种代谢物含量差异较大,初步认为这6种物质是与育苗移栽相关的代谢物。
In order to reveal growth retardation after cucumber transplantation,we took the two-leaf one-stage leaves as the research object,and the differences of secondary metabolites of cucumber seedling were analysed under transplantation and non-transplantation based on large-scale untargeted metabolomic analysis,such as principle components analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).Results showed that there were no different metabolites in the cucumber leaves between transplanting treatment and non-transplanting treatment on 1,3,5 d.While significant differences occurred on 7 d after transplantation,which indicated that the slow seedling stage appeared on 7 d after transplanting,determing the suitable period for the study.By processing OPLS-DA analysis,six secondary metabolites were shown to be responsible for classifying the two treatments.According to the macthing through the UNIFY database,four compounds were identified as Pentose,7-O-alpha-L-buckthorn pyranose base-kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-beta-D-glucose pyranose base,(1-6)-beta-D-glycosidase kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-(2 G-alpha-L-rhamnose)-rue glucoside and Phytolaccagenin,respectively.Among them,Pentose belongs to carbohydrates.While 7-O-alpha-L-buckthorn pyranose base-kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-beta-D-glucose pyranose base and(1-6)-beta-D-glycosidase kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-(2 G-alpha-L-rhamnose)-rue glucoside,both of them belong to flavonoids.Phytolaccagenin belongs to terpenoids.In the transplantation and non-transplantation treatments,the contents of these six metabolites were significantly different.It was preliminarily considered that these six different substances were metabolites related to seedling raising and transplanting.
In order to reveal growth retardation after cucumber transplantation,we took the two-leaf one-stage leaves as the research object,and the differences of secondary metabolites of cucumber seedling were analysed under transplantation and non-transplantation based on large-scale untargeted metabolomic analysis,such as principle components analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA).Results showed that there were no different metabolites in the cucumber leaves between transplanting treatment and non-transplanting treatment on 1,3,5 d.While significant differences occurred on 7 d after transplantation,which indicated that the slow seedling stage appeared on 7 d after transplanting,determing the suitable period for the study.By processing OPLS-DA analysis,six secondary metabolites were shown to be responsible for classifying the two treatments.According to the macthing through the UNIFY database,four compounds were identified as Pentose,7-O-alpha-L-buckthorn pyranose base-kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-beta-D-glucose pyranose base,(1-6)-beta-D-glycosidase kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-(2 G-alpha-L-rhamnose)-rue glucoside and Phytolaccagenin,respectively.Among them,Pentose belongs to carbohydrates.While 7-O-alpha-L-buckthorn pyranose base-kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-beta-D-glucose pyranose base and(1-6)-beta-D-glycosidase kaempferia galanga phenol-3-O-(2 G-alpha-L-rhamnose)-rue glucoside,both of them belong to flavonoids.Phytolaccagenin belongs to terpenoids.In the transplantation and non-transplantation treatments,the contents of these six metabolites were significantly different.It was preliminarily considered that these six different substances were metabolites related to seedling raising and transplanting.
引文
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[26] TIESSEN A,HENDRIKS J H,STITT M,et al.Starch synthesis in potato tubers is regulated by post-translational redox modification of ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase a novel regulatory mechanism linking starch synthesis to the sucrose supply [J].The Plant Cell,2002,14(9):2191-2213.
[2] 李向前,杜永华.大棚黄瓜缓苗期死苗原因及应对措施[J].河北农业,2014(2):32-33.
[3] SCHIMEL J P,JACHSON L E,FIRESTONE M K.Spatial and temporal effects on plant-microbial competition for inorganic nitrogen in a california annual grassland[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,1989(21):1059-1066.
[4] SMITH T,HUSTON M.A theory of the spatial and temporal dynamics of plant communities [J].Plant Ecology,1989,83(1/2):49-69.
[5] SANCHEZ D H,SCHWABE F,ERBAN A,et al.Comparative metabolomics of drought acclimation in model and forage legumes [J].Plant Cell & Environment,2012,35(1):136-149.
[6] KUSANO M,TOHGE T,FUKUSHIMA A,et al.Metabolomics reveals comprehensive reprogramming involving two independent metabolic responses of Arabidopsis to UV-B light[J].Plant Journal,2011,67(2):354-369.
[7] HANHINEVA K,ROGACHEV I,KOKKO H,et al.Non-targeted analysis of spatial metabolite composition in strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa) flowers[J].Phytochemistry,2008,69(13):2463-2481.
[8] CHARLTON A,ALLNUTT T,HOLMES S,et al.NMR profiling of transgenic peas[J].Plant Biotechnol,2004,2:27-35.
[9] FLAMINI R,ROSSO M D,MARCHI F D,et al.An innovative approach to grape metabolomics:Stilbene profiling by suspect screening analysis[J].Metabolomics,2013,9:1243-1253.
[10] GHOLAMI M,BOUGHTON B A,FAKHARI A R,et al.Metabolomic study reveals a selective accumulation of l-arginine in the d-ornithine treated tobacco cell suspension culture[J].Process Biochemistry,2014,49:140-147.
[11] ROLDAN M,ENGEL B,DEVOS R H,et al.Metabolomics reveals organ-specific metabolic rearrangements during early tomato seedling development[J].Metabolomics,2014,10:958-974.
[12] SOBOLEV A P,BROSIO E,GIANFERRI R,et al.Metabolic profile of lettuce leaves by high-field NMR spectra[J].Magnetic Reso Chem,2005,43:625-638.
[13] HARBORNE J B.Herbivores their interactions with secondary plant metabolites [J].Flavonoid Pigments,1991,11:389-429.
[14] IWASHIVA T.Flavonoid function and activity to plants and other organisms[J].Biological Sciences in Space,2003,17(1):24-44.
[15] KOSE R E,QUATTROCCHIO F,MOLJ N M.The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in plants:Function and evolution[J].Bioessays,1994,16(2):123-132.
[16] KAY C D,HOOPER L,KROON P A,et al.Relative impact of flavonoid composition,dose and structure on vascular function:A systematic review of randomised controlled trials of flavonoid-rich food products[J].Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,2012,56(11):1605-1616.
[17] AGATI G,STEFANO G,BIRICOLTI S,et al.Mesophyll distribution of ‘antioxidant’ flavonoid glycosides in Ligustrum vulgare leaves under contrasting sunlight irradiance[J].Annals of Botany,2009,104(5):853-861.
[18] ISLAM M N,DOWNEY F,NGC K Y.Comparative analysis of bioactive phytochemicals from Scutellaria baicalensis,Scutellaria lateriflora,Scutellaria racemosa,Scutellaria tomentosa and Scutellaria wrightii by LC-DAD-MS [J].Metabolomics,2011,7(7):446-453.
[19] CHONG W P K,LIN T G,REDDY S G,et al.Metabolomics profiling of extracellular metabolites in recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary fed-batch culture [J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2009,23(23):3763-3771.
[20] LOGEMANN E,SCHULZ W,SOMSSICH I E,et al.UV light selectively coinduces supply pathways from primary metabolism and flavonoid secondary product formation in parsley[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(4):1903-1907.
[21] 岳跃冲,范燕萍.植物萜类合成酶及其代谢调控的研究进展[J].园艺学报,2011,38(2):379-388.
[22] ROUPHAEL Y,COLLA G,BERNARDO L,et al.Zinc excess triggered polyamines accumulation in lettuce root metabolome,as compared to osmotic stress under high salinity[J].Front Plant Sci,2016,7:842.
[23] ZHAO L,HUANG Y,HU J,et al.(1)H NMR and GC-MS based metabolomics reveal defense and detoxifica-tion mechanism of cucumber plant under nano- Cu stress[J].Environ Sci Technol,2016,50(4):2000-2010.
[24] WANG Y,XU L,SHEN H,et al.Metabolomic analysis with GC-MS to reveal potential metabolites and biological pathways involved in Pb & Cd stress response of radish roots[J].Sci Rep,2015,5:18296.
[25] PIDATALA V R,LI K,SARKAR D,et al.Comparative metabolic profiling of vetiver(Chrysopogon zizanioides) and maize(Zea mays) under lead stress[J].Chemosphere,2018,193:903-911.
[26] TIESSEN A,HENDRIKS J H,STITT M,et al.Starch synthesis in potato tubers is regulated by post-translational redox modification of ADP-Glucose pyrophosphorylase a novel regulatory mechanism linking starch synthesis to the sucrose supply [J].The Plant Cell,2002,14(9):2191-2213.