基于土地利用变化的县域水土流失消长评价方法探讨
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摘要
以人类活动扰动比较大的内蒙古自治区达拉特旗和人类活动扰动比较小的青海省称多县为例,收集了2014—2015年和2017年土地利用、遥感影像等资料,采用中国土壤流失方程计算了水力侵蚀模数。在此基础上,分析了2017年与2014—2015年土地利用和水土流失面积的差异,对比了基于两期土地利用图和基于遥感影像变化得到的水土流失消长变化之间的差异。结果表明:基于两期土地利用图得到水土流失面积变化大,基于遥感影像变化得到的水土流失面积变化小,前者水土流失面积变化量是后者的64倍(称多县)和94倍(达拉特旗)。基于遥感影像变化得到的水土流失面积消长结果更符合实际情况。水土流失面积消长量远小于土地利用面积变化量。本结果可为即将开展的全国水土流失消长评价工作提供技术参考。
In this study,Dalateqi County in Inner Magnolia which stands for highly intensity human activity and Chengduo County in Qinghai Province which is for low intensity human activity were selected as study areas.The data on land use and remote image in 2014—2015 and 2017 were collected.The soil loss was calculated using Chinese soil loss equation.The variation of land use and soil loss was analyzed.The differences in soil loss and land use were compared based on the two period land use results(LUR)and on the two period remote image variation results(IVR).The results showed that variation of soil loss based on the LUR was more obvious than that on the IVR.The area variation of soil loss based on the LUR was 64 times(Chengduo)and 94 times(Dalateqi)of that on the IVR.The area variation of soil loss based on the IVR was more reasonable,which reflected the true variation.The area variation of soil loss was far smaller than that of land use.The results will provide the technique support for the evaluation method on the incoming annual variation of soil loss according to the"soil loss inventory plan in China(2018—2022)".
In this study,Dalateqi County in Inner Magnolia which stands for highly intensity human activity and Chengduo County in Qinghai Province which is for low intensity human activity were selected as study areas.The data on land use and remote image in 2014—2015 and 2017 were collected.The soil loss was calculated using Chinese soil loss equation.The variation of land use and soil loss was analyzed.The differences in soil loss and land use were compared based on the two period land use results(LUR)and on the two period remote image variation results(IVR).The results showed that variation of soil loss based on the LUR was more obvious than that on the IVR.The area variation of soil loss based on the LUR was 64 times(Chengduo)and 94 times(Dalateqi)of that on the IVR.The area variation of soil loss based on the IVR was more reasonable,which reflected the true variation.The area variation of soil loss was far smaller than that of land use.The results will provide the technique support for the evaluation method on the incoming annual variation of soil loss according to the"soil loss inventory plan in China(2018—2022)".
引文
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[2]王庚,查轩,黄少燕,等.福建省永定县的水土流失动态变化[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):272-277.
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[13]Li L,Wang Y,Liu C.Effects of land use changes on soil erosion in a fast developing area[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2014,11(6):1549-1562.
[14]Zare M,Samani1A A N,Mohammady M,et al.Investigating effects of land use change scenarios on soil erosion using CLUE-s and RUSLE models[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2017,14(9):1905-1918.
[15]刘世梁,安南南,尹艺洁,等.基于SWAT模型的澜沧江中游小流域水土流失与NDVI时空动态相关性[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):62-67.
[16]姚华荣,崔保山.澜沧江流域云南段土地利用及其变化对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(8):1362-1371.
[17]倪晋仁,李英奎.基于土地利用结构变化的水土流失动态评估[J].地理学报,2001,56(5):611-621.
[18]蒲朝勇.贯彻落实十九大精神做好新时代水土保持工作[J].中国水土保持,2017(12):1-6.
[19]刘宝元,郭索彦,李智广,等.中国水力侵蚀抽样调查[J].中国水土保持,2013(10):26-34.
[20]Liu B Y,Zhang K L,Xie Y.An empirical soil loss equation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua Press,2002:143-149.
[21]符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110.
[22]中华人民共和国水利部水土保持司.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准(SL 190—2007)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[2]王庚,查轩,黄少燕,等.福建省永定县的水土流失动态变化[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(6):272-277.
[3]高健翎,殷宝库,张建国,等.黄河中游多沙粗沙区水土流失动态变化分析[J].人民黄河,2016,38(10):111-114.
[4]陆建忠,陈晓玲,李辉,等.基于GIS/RS和USLE鄱阳湖流域土壤侵蚀变化[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):337-344.
[5]杨波,王全九,郝姗姗.佳芦河流域1988—2013年土壤侵蚀时空变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):87-92.
[6]许尔琪,张红旗,董光龙.伊犁河谷土壤水力侵蚀的时空变化研究[J].资源科学,2016,38(7):1203-1211.
[7]Litschert S E,Theobald D M,Brown T C.Effects of climate change and wildfire on soil loss in the Southern Rockies Ecoregion[J].Catena,2014,118:206-219.
[8]Simonneaux V,Cheggour A,Deschamps C,et al.Land use and climate change effects on soil erosion in a semiarid mountainous watershed(High Atlas,Morocco)[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2015,122:64-75.
[9]Zare M,Mohammady M,Pradhan B.Modeling the effect of land use and climate change scenarios on future soil loss rate in Kasilian watershed of northern Iran[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(8):305.
[10]Moges D M,Bhat H G.Integration of geospatial technologies with RUSLE for analysis of land use/cover change impact on soil erosion:Case study in Rib watershed,north-western highland Ethiopia[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(22):765.
[11]Modeste M,Abdellatif K,Nadia M,et al.Effects of land use and cover type on the risks of runoff and water erosion:Infiltration tests in the Ourika watershed(High Atlas,Morocco)[J].Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration,2018,3(1):8.
[12]Meshesha T W,Tripathi S K,Khare D.Analyses of land use and land cover change dynamics using GIS and remote sensing during 1984and 2015in the Beressa Watershed Northern Central Highland of Ethiopia[J].Modeling Earth Systems and Environment,2016,2(4):168.
[13]Li L,Wang Y,Liu C.Effects of land use changes on soil erosion in a fast developing area[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2014,11(6):1549-1562.
[14]Zare M,Samani1A A N,Mohammady M,et al.Investigating effects of land use change scenarios on soil erosion using CLUE-s and RUSLE models[J].International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2017,14(9):1905-1918.
[15]刘世梁,安南南,尹艺洁,等.基于SWAT模型的澜沧江中游小流域水土流失与NDVI时空动态相关性[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):62-67.
[16]姚华荣,崔保山.澜沧江流域云南段土地利用及其变化对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(8):1362-1371.
[17]倪晋仁,李英奎.基于土地利用结构变化的水土流失动态评估[J].地理学报,2001,56(5):611-621.
[18]蒲朝勇.贯彻落实十九大精神做好新时代水土保持工作[J].中国水土保持,2017(12):1-6.
[19]刘宝元,郭索彦,李智广,等.中国水力侵蚀抽样调查[J].中国水土保持,2013(10):26-34.
[20]Liu B Y,Zhang K L,Xie Y.An empirical soil loss equation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua Press,2002:143-149.
[21]符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110.
[22]中华人民共和国水利部水土保持司.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准(SL 190—2007)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.