塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克露头区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组沉积相模式及其勘探意义
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摘要
塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组储集层主要受沉积相控制,而丘滩是储集层发育的有利相带,因此明确丘滩特征及其分布规律对该地区勘探具有重要意义。以柯坪肖尔布拉克露头区肖尔布拉克组为研究对象,实测7条剖面,基于野外露头描述和薄片观察,系统分析了肖尔布拉克组沉积特征,建立了沉积相模式。露头区肖尔布拉克组厚158～178 m,主要发育层纹石、凝块石、泡沫绵层石、叠层石、核形石5种微生物白云岩和藻砂屑白云岩及粒泥白云岩,整体上为1个向上变浅的三级沉积序列。肖尔布拉克组沉积时期,研究区为发育"微生物席—丘滩—潮坪"沉积体系的缓坡型碳酸盐岩台地,沿温宿古隆起向盆地方向依次发育内缓坡、中缓坡和外缓坡。中缓坡是中高能微生物丘和藻砂屑滩的有利发育区,丘滩体厚度在70～85 m之间,滩地比达到44%～51%,进一步佐证了塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组白云岩领域具有良好的勘探潜力。
The dolomite reservoir of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin is mainly controlled by sedimentary facies,in which the mounds and shoals are the potential zone of reservoir. Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the characteristics and laws of mounds and shoals for oil exploration in this field. The Xiaoerblak area is selected as the study region and,7 geological profiles are measured in outcrops. Based on the description of the field outcrops and observation on many thinslices,the sedimentary characteristics of the Xiaoerblak Formation are systematically analyzed and the sedimentary facies model is established. The Xiaoerblak Formation in the study area is 158-178 m in thickness. It mainly contains microbiological dolomites,arenite dolomite and granule dolomite. The microbiological dolomites are divided into laminite dolomite, thrombolite dolomite, spongiostromatastromatolite dolomite,stromatolite dolomite,and oncolites dolomite. The lithofacies combination indicates that the Xiaoerblak Formation comprises one 3~(rd) succession that is characterized as upward shallower trend. These rocks combination show that Keping area is a carbonate ramp with "microbial mat-mound and shoal-tidal flat" sedimentary system in the depositional period of Xiaoerblak Formation. From the Wensu ancient uplift to the basin,it develops inner ramp,middle ramp and outer ramp in turn. In middle ramp,the mediumhigh energy mounds and shoals are distributed,with a thickness of 70-85 m and the ratio of shoals to the whole strata is up to 44%-51%. It is confirmed again that the Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin has a great potential of oil exploration.
The dolomite reservoir of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin is mainly controlled by sedimentary facies,in which the mounds and shoals are the potential zone of reservoir. Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the characteristics and laws of mounds and shoals for oil exploration in this field. The Xiaoerblak area is selected as the study region and,7 geological profiles are measured in outcrops. Based on the description of the field outcrops and observation on many thinslices,the sedimentary characteristics of the Xiaoerblak Formation are systematically analyzed and the sedimentary facies model is established. The Xiaoerblak Formation in the study area is 158-178 m in thickness. It mainly contains microbiological dolomites,arenite dolomite and granule dolomite. The microbiological dolomites are divided into laminite dolomite, thrombolite dolomite, spongiostromatastromatolite dolomite,stromatolite dolomite,and oncolites dolomite. The lithofacies combination indicates that the Xiaoerblak Formation comprises one 3~(rd) succession that is characterized as upward shallower trend. These rocks combination show that Keping area is a carbonate ramp with "microbial mat-mound and shoal-tidal flat" sedimentary system in the depositional period of Xiaoerblak Formation. From the Wensu ancient uplift to the basin,it develops inner ramp,middle ramp and outer ramp in turn. In middle ramp,the mediumhigh energy mounds and shoals are distributed,with a thickness of 70-85 m and the ratio of shoals to the whole strata is up to 44%-51%. It is confirmed again that the Xiaoerblak Formation in Tarim Basin has a great potential of oil exploration.
引文
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(1)该图为中国石油杭州地质研究院和塔里木油田勘探研究院的共同成果,由杭州地质研究院编制.内部资料.
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陈文玲,罗平,单钰铭,杨式升,宋金民.2010.塔里木苏盖特布拉克地区肖尔布拉克组白云岩储层特征分析.石油地质与工程,24(1):12-15.[Chen W L,Luo P,Shan Y M,Yang S S,Song JM.2010.Features of dolomite reservoir of Xiaoerblak Formation in Sugaitblak area,Tarim Basin.Petroleum Geology and Engineering,24(1):12-15]
杜金虎,潘文庆.2016.塔里木盆地寒武系盐下白云岩油气成藏条件与勘探方向.石油勘探与开发,43(3):327-339.[Du J H,Pan W Q.2016.Accumulation conditions and play targets of oil and gas in the Cambrian subsalt dolomite,Tarim Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(3):327-339]
郭峰,郭岭.2011.柯坪地区肖尔布拉克寒武系层序及沉积演化.地层学杂志,35(2):164-171.[Guo F,Guo L.2011.Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the Cambrian system at the Xiaoerblak section in the Keping area.Journal of Stratigraphy,35(2):164-171]
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黄擎宇,胡素云,潘文庆,刘伟,池英柳,王坤,石书缘,刘强.2016.台内微生物丘沉积特征及其对储层发育的控制:以塔里木盆地柯坪-巴楚地区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组为例.地质与勘探,36(6):21-29.[Huang Q Y,Hu S Y,Pan W Q,Liu W,Chi Y L,Wang K,Shi S Y,Liu Q.2016.Sedimentary characteristics of intraplatform microbial mounds and their controlling effects on the development of reservoirs:A case study of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Fm.in the Keping-Bachu area,Tarim Basin.Natural Gas Industry,36(6):21-29]
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罗平,王石,李朋威,金廷福,王果谦,杨式升.2013.微生物碳酸盐岩油气储层研究现状与展望.沉积学报,31(5):807-823.[Luo P,Wang S,Li P W,Jin T F,Wang G Q,Yang S S.2013.Review and prospectives of microbial carbonate reservoirs.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,31(5):807-823]
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梅冥相.2007.从凝块石概念的演变论微生物碳酸盐岩的研究进展.地质科技情报,26(6):1-9.[Mei M X.2007.Discussion on advances of microbial carbonates from the terminological change of thrombolites.Geological Science and Technology Information,26(6):1-9]
潘文庆,陈永权,熊益学,李保华,熊冉.2015.塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩沉积相研究及其油气勘探指导意义.天然气地球科学,26(7):1224-1232.[Pan W Q,Chen Y Q,Xiong Y X,Li B H,Xiong R.2015.Sedimentary facies research and implications to advantaged exploration regions on Lower Cambrian source rocks,Tarim Basin.Natural Gas Geoscience,26(7):1224-1232]
沈安江,郑剑锋,陈永权,倪新锋,黄理力.2016.塔里木盆地中下寒武统白云岩储集层特征、成因及分布.石油勘探与开发,43(3):340-349.[Shen A J,Zheng J F,Chen Y Q,Ni X F,Huang L L.2016.Characteristics,origin and distribution of dolomite reservoirs in Lower-Middle Cambrian,Tarim Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(3):340-349]
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(1)该图为中国石油杭州地质研究院和塔里木油田勘探研究院的共同成果,由杭州地质研究院编制.内部资料.