时空协同的城市旅游行程规划模型构建
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摘要
传统的旅游行程规划往往仅被归类为空间排序问题,而对行程安排中时空耦合性与游客自身选择的灵活性考虑不足。本文将行程规划问题的理解从空间视角拓展至游客活动视角,从旅游节点时空耦合关系以及重构模式出发,将旅行中涉及到的时间、空间与专题等多维属性有机组织,进而提出行程时空链的概念模型以及行程要素时空衔接方法。研究以南京为案例展开模型实验,结果显示该模型与传统线路设计方法在节点名称、节点数量以及节点顺序等指标的匹配度均超过了80%,体现出较好的应用可靠性。相较于已有研究仅从空间视角展开的论述,本文提出以游客自身作为行程规划的基本单位,从游客行为选择、游览时间序列以及节点线路串联等多维视角进行映射耦合,以期为拓展深化城市旅游线路设计理论,支撑智慧旅游工程精细化建设提供理论支撑与借鉴。
Traditionally, tourism itinerary planning is implemented as a spatial arrangement issue, which lacks the consideration of the spatiotemporal coupling and the flexibility for tourists to make choices. In this paper, the understanding of the itinerary planning problem was extended from the perspective of space to the perspective of tourist activities. From the time-space coupling relationship and reconstruction mode of tourism nodes, the multidimensional attributes such as time, space, and topic involved in the travel were organically organized, and then the travel's spatiotemporal chain was proposed. The conceptual model and the method of space-time convergence of the stroke elements. The proposed method was applied to the case study of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province of China. Results show that the match between the model and the traditional itinerary design method in terms of node name, number of nodes, and node order exceeds 80%, indicating good methodological reliability.Compared with existing itinerary planning studies, this research took the basic information of the itinerary(such as travel time, cost budget, departure place, destination, etc.) as the precondition, and considered the travel itinerary from the perspective of tourists. Specifically, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the tourist nodes were organically integrated. While satisfying the spatial order of tourist routes, the rationality of the time arrangement of each tourism element was also considered. The proposed algorithm is mainly used to serve independent tourists. Meanwhile, this algorithm has the advantage of arranging route and schedule flexibly. It should be noted that the specific application of the model is still constrained by the basic travel itinerary conditions. The flexibility of the proposed model for meeting tourists' individualized needs is currently not strong. Considering that tourists' demands are in reality often changing during traveling, it is necessary to further optimize the adaptability, flexibility, and stability of the proposed model.
Traditionally, tourism itinerary planning is implemented as a spatial arrangement issue, which lacks the consideration of the spatiotemporal coupling and the flexibility for tourists to make choices. In this paper, the understanding of the itinerary planning problem was extended from the perspective of space to the perspective of tourist activities. From the time-space coupling relationship and reconstruction mode of tourism nodes, the multidimensional attributes such as time, space, and topic involved in the travel were organically organized, and then the travel's spatiotemporal chain was proposed. The conceptual model and the method of space-time convergence of the stroke elements. The proposed method was applied to the case study of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province of China. Results show that the match between the model and the traditional itinerary design method in terms of node name, number of nodes, and node order exceeds 80%, indicating good methodological reliability.Compared with existing itinerary planning studies, this research took the basic information of the itinerary(such as travel time, cost budget, departure place, destination, etc.) as the precondition, and considered the travel itinerary from the perspective of tourists. Specifically, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the tourist nodes were organically integrated. While satisfying the spatial order of tourist routes, the rationality of the time arrangement of each tourism element was also considered. The proposed algorithm is mainly used to serve independent tourists. Meanwhile, this algorithm has the advantage of arranging route and schedule flexibly. It should be noted that the specific application of the model is still constrained by the basic travel itinerary conditions. The flexibility of the proposed model for meeting tourists' individualized needs is currently not strong. Considering that tourists' demands are in reality often changing during traveling, it is necessary to further optimize the adaptability, flexibility, and stability of the proposed model.
引文
[1]朱明,史春云,袁欣,等.基于旅行社线路的国内旅行空间模式研究[J].旅游学刊,2010(9):32-37.[Zhu M, Shi C Y,Yuan X, et al. Study on domestic travel spatial patterns based on the itineraries of travel agency[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2010(9):32-37.]
[2]陈佳敏.智慧旅游系统的设计和实现[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2017.[Chen J M. Design and implementation of smart tourism system[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2017.]
[3]王懿雯.基于热点空间网络建模的个性化旅游行程规划[D].南京:东南大学,2017.[Wang Y W. Personalized travel route planning based on poi-spatial network modeling[D]. Nanjing:Southeast University, 2017.]
[4]睢先先,宋夫华.基于ACO的智能终端旅游行程规划系统设计[J].计算机应用与软件,2016,33(9):231-234,300.[Sui X X, Song F H. Designing aco-based travel ininerary planning system with smart terminal[J]. Application and Software of Computer, 2016,33(9):231-234,300.]
[5]曹阳.城市旅游规划行程链的模型构建及其应用研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.[Cao Y. The design and application of urban tourism planning itinerary chain model[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University, 2014.]
[6]史春云,朱传耿,赵玉宗,等.国外旅游线路空间模式研究进展[J].人文地理,2010,25(4):31-35.[Shi C Y, Zhu C G,Zhao Y Z, et al. Research progress of spatial patterns of travel itineraries in foreign countries[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25(4):31-35.]
[7]李旭,马耀峰.海外旅游者对旅游目的地和旅游路线的选择研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(2):115-119.[Li X, Ma Y F. Overseas tourists’choices in destinations and traveling routes[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2003,31(2):115-119.]
[8]马晓龙.基于游客行为的旅游线路组织研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(2):98-101.[Ma X L. A study on organization of tour routes based on tourists'behaviors[J].Geography and Geo-information Science, 2005,21(2):98-101.]
[9]吴小根,李海鸽,冯英杰.江苏省国内旅游线路节点配置研究[J].地域研究与开发.2011(5):118-122.[Wu X G, Li H G, Feng Y J. Researches on nodes configuration of domestic tourist routes in jiangsu province[J]. Areal Research&Development, 2011(5):118-122.]
[10]史春云,张宏磊,朱明.国内旅游线路模式的空间格局与特征分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1918-1922.[Shi C Y, Zhang H L, Zhu M. Spatial structure and characteristics of domestic travel itineraries patterns[J]. Economic Geography, 2011,31(11):1918-1922.]
[11] Cenamor I, de la Rosa T, Nú?ez S, et al. Planning for tourism routes using social networks[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2017,69:1-9.
[12]叶玉玲,韩明初,陈俊晶.基于出行链的城际旅客出行方式选择行为[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(9):1234-1240.[Ye Y L, Han M C, Chen J J. Intercity passenger travel mode choice behavior based on trip chain[J]. Journal of Tongji university(natural science), 2018,46(9):1234-1240.]
[13]王振,张志敏,王伟,等.基于百度API开源数据的居民出行研究[J].交通运输研究,2018,4(3):18-24.[Wang Z,Zhang Z M, Wang W, et al. Resident trip analysis based on open source data of baidu API[J]. Transport Research,2018,4(3):18-24.]
[14] Chen J M, Nijkamp P. Itinerary planning:Modelling cruise lines'lengths of stay in ports[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2018,73:55-63.
[15]张凌云,黎巎,刘敏.智慧旅游的基本概念与理论体系[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(5:66-73.[Zhang L Y, Li M, Liu M. On the basic concept of smarter tourism and its theoretical system[J]. Tourism Tribune/Lvyou Xuekan, 2012,27(5):66-73.]
[16]史永,龙毅,陈林,等.面向智能导游的双加权图模型及其路径规划[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(6):867-873.[Shi Y, Long Y, Chen L, et al. Research on double-weighted graph model and optimal path planning for intelligent tourism navigation considering entrances and exits[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2014,16(6):867-873.]
[17] Mckercher B, Lau G. Movement patterns of tourists within a destination[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2008,10(3):355-374.
[18] Connell J, Page S J. Exploring the spatial patterns of carbased tourist travel in Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park, Scotland[J]. Tourism Management. 2008,29(3):561-580.
[19] Zillinger M. Tourist routes:A time-geographical approach on German car-tourists in Sweden[J]. Tourism Geographies. 2007,9(1):64-83.
[20] Lew A, Mckercher B. Modeling tourist movements:A local destination analysis[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2006,33(2):403-423.
[21] Wu X, Guan H, Han Y, et al. A tour route planning model for tourism experience utility maximization[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017,9(10):1-8.
[22] Abubakar E O, Idoko O, Ocholi O S. Efficient tour planning for tourist sites visitation in Lokoja, Nigeria:A multiscenario analysis using GIS[J]. Journal of Geographic Information System, 2017,9(1):59.
[23]陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-18.[Lu L, Tang U U. Spatial behavior patterns of domestic tourists of the zhujiang river delta metropolitan area[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(1):10-18.]
[24]袁欣,史春云,朱明,张兴华.长三角区域旅游线路模式及目的地类型研究[J].旅游科学,2010,24(6):55-63.[Yuan X, Shi C Y, Zhu M, et al. A study on the itinerary patterns and destination types in the yangzi river delta[J]. Tourist Science, 2010,24(6):55-63.]
[25]赵昕,关宏志,王昊.基于旅游动机的旅游目的地选择行为分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(5):175-180.[Zhao X, Guan H Z, Wang H. An analysis on choice behavior of tourist destination based on tourist motivation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2014,14(5):175-180.]
[26]贾中星,景海涛,李伟.基于GIS与旅行商问题的自驾游路径设计[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2014(9):93-96.[Jia Z X, Jing H T, Li W. Self-driving route design concerning gis and traveling salesman[J]. Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology, 2014(9):93-96.]
[27] Lew A A, Mc Kercher B. Trip destinations, gateways and itineraries:The example of Hong Kong[J]. Tourism Management, 2002,23(6):609-621.
[28]林岚,许志晖,丁登山.旅游者空间行为及其国内外研究综述[J].地理科学,2007,27(3):434-439.[Lin L, Xu Z H,Ding D S. Spacial Behavior of Tourists Research[J]. Geography Science, 2007,27(3):434-439.]
[29]张凌云.旅游地引力模型研究的回顾与前瞻[J].地理研究,1989(1):76-87.[Zhang L Y. Review on the study of tourism gravity models and it's future[J]. Geography Research, 1989(1):76-87.]
[30] Mancini S, Stecca G. A large neighborhood search based metaheuristic for the tourist cruises itinerary planning[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering, 2018,122:140-148.
[31]宣国富,陆林,汪德根,等.三亚市旅游客流空间特性研究[J].地理研究,2004,23(1):115-124.[Xuan G F, Lu L,Wang D G, et al. Spatial characteristics of tourist flows in coast resorts:A case study of sanya city[J]. Geographical Research, 2004,23(1):115-124.]
[32]卢天玲.塔尔寺旅游者旅行模式及其对地方旅游经济的影响[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(12):29-33.[Lu T L. The travelling patterns of taer lamasery tourists and their impact on local tourism economy[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2008,23(12):29-33.]
[33] Sylejmani K, Dorn J, Musliu N. Planning the trip itinerary for tourist groups[J]. Information Technology&Tourism, 2017,17(3):275-314.
[34]杨兴柱,吴静.南京市旅游流网络结构特征历时性比较[J].旅游科学,2015(4):35-46.[Yang X Z, Wu J. A diachronic comparison of the characteristics of the structure of tourism flow network in nanjing[J]. Tourism Science,2015(4):35-46.]
[35]陈享尔,蔡建明.基于资源类型及空间特征的城郊观光农业旅游线路研究——以上海市闵行区为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(9):161-168.[Chen X E, Cai J M. Tour routes of tourism agriculture in the suburbs of big cities based on the types and spatial characteristics of resources:A case study of minhang district of shanghai[J]. Economic Geography, 2013,33(9):161-168.]
[36]郑玥,龙毅,明小娜,严瑞.多种空间关系组合的地理位置自然语言描述方法[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(4):465-471.[Zheng Y, Long Y, Ming X N, et al. Natural language description of geographic location considering various spatial relations with different references[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2011,13(4):465-471.]
[37]吴长彬,闾国年.空间拓扑关系若干问题研究现状的评析[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(4):524-531.[Wu C B,Lv G N. Spatial topological relationships:An overview and analysis[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science,2010,12(4):524-531.]
[2]陈佳敏.智慧旅游系统的设计和实现[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2017.[Chen J M. Design and implementation of smart tourism system[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2017.]
[3]王懿雯.基于热点空间网络建模的个性化旅游行程规划[D].南京:东南大学,2017.[Wang Y W. Personalized travel route planning based on poi-spatial network modeling[D]. Nanjing:Southeast University, 2017.]
[4]睢先先,宋夫华.基于ACO的智能终端旅游行程规划系统设计[J].计算机应用与软件,2016,33(9):231-234,300.[Sui X X, Song F H. Designing aco-based travel ininerary planning system with smart terminal[J]. Application and Software of Computer, 2016,33(9):231-234,300.]
[5]曹阳.城市旅游规划行程链的模型构建及其应用研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.[Cao Y. The design and application of urban tourism planning itinerary chain model[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University, 2014.]
[6]史春云,朱传耿,赵玉宗,等.国外旅游线路空间模式研究进展[J].人文地理,2010,25(4):31-35.[Shi C Y, Zhu C G,Zhao Y Z, et al. Research progress of spatial patterns of travel itineraries in foreign countries[J]. Human Geography, 2010,25(4):31-35.]
[7]李旭,马耀峰.海外旅游者对旅游目的地和旅游路线的选择研究[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(2):115-119.[Li X, Ma Y F. Overseas tourists’choices in destinations and traveling routes[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2003,31(2):115-119.]
[8]马晓龙.基于游客行为的旅游线路组织研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(2):98-101.[Ma X L. A study on organization of tour routes based on tourists'behaviors[J].Geography and Geo-information Science, 2005,21(2):98-101.]
[9]吴小根,李海鸽,冯英杰.江苏省国内旅游线路节点配置研究[J].地域研究与开发.2011(5):118-122.[Wu X G, Li H G, Feng Y J. Researches on nodes configuration of domestic tourist routes in jiangsu province[J]. Areal Research&Development, 2011(5):118-122.]
[10]史春云,张宏磊,朱明.国内旅游线路模式的空间格局与特征分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1918-1922.[Shi C Y, Zhang H L, Zhu M. Spatial structure and characteristics of domestic travel itineraries patterns[J]. Economic Geography, 2011,31(11):1918-1922.]
[11] Cenamor I, de la Rosa T, Nú?ez S, et al. Planning for tourism routes using social networks[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2017,69:1-9.
[12]叶玉玲,韩明初,陈俊晶.基于出行链的城际旅客出行方式选择行为[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2018,46(9):1234-1240.[Ye Y L, Han M C, Chen J J. Intercity passenger travel mode choice behavior based on trip chain[J]. Journal of Tongji university(natural science), 2018,46(9):1234-1240.]
[13]王振,张志敏,王伟,等.基于百度API开源数据的居民出行研究[J].交通运输研究,2018,4(3):18-24.[Wang Z,Zhang Z M, Wang W, et al. Resident trip analysis based on open source data of baidu API[J]. Transport Research,2018,4(3):18-24.]
[14] Chen J M, Nijkamp P. Itinerary planning:Modelling cruise lines'lengths of stay in ports[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2018,73:55-63.
[15]张凌云,黎巎,刘敏.智慧旅游的基本概念与理论体系[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(5:66-73.[Zhang L Y, Li M, Liu M. On the basic concept of smarter tourism and its theoretical system[J]. Tourism Tribune/Lvyou Xuekan, 2012,27(5):66-73.]
[16]史永,龙毅,陈林,等.面向智能导游的双加权图模型及其路径规划[J].地球信息科学学报,2014,16(6):867-873.[Shi Y, Long Y, Chen L, et al. Research on double-weighted graph model and optimal path planning for intelligent tourism navigation considering entrances and exits[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 2014,16(6):867-873.]
[17] Mckercher B, Lau G. Movement patterns of tourists within a destination[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2008,10(3):355-374.
[18] Connell J, Page S J. Exploring the spatial patterns of carbased tourist travel in Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park, Scotland[J]. Tourism Management. 2008,29(3):561-580.
[19] Zillinger M. Tourist routes:A time-geographical approach on German car-tourists in Sweden[J]. Tourism Geographies. 2007,9(1):64-83.
[20] Lew A, Mckercher B. Modeling tourist movements:A local destination analysis[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2006,33(2):403-423.
[21] Wu X, Guan H, Han Y, et al. A tour route planning model for tourism experience utility maximization[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2017,9(10):1-8.
[22] Abubakar E O, Idoko O, Ocholi O S. Efficient tour planning for tourist sites visitation in Lokoja, Nigeria:A multiscenario analysis using GIS[J]. Journal of Geographic Information System, 2017,9(1):59.
[23]陆林,汤云云.珠江三角洲都市圈国内旅游者空间行为模式研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):10-18.[Lu L, Tang U U. Spatial behavior patterns of domestic tourists of the zhujiang river delta metropolitan area[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(1):10-18.]
[24]袁欣,史春云,朱明,张兴华.长三角区域旅游线路模式及目的地类型研究[J].旅游科学,2010,24(6):55-63.[Yuan X, Shi C Y, Zhu M, et al. A study on the itinerary patterns and destination types in the yangzi river delta[J]. Tourist Science, 2010,24(6):55-63.]
[25]赵昕,关宏志,王昊.基于旅游动机的旅游目的地选择行为分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(5):175-180.[Zhao X, Guan H Z, Wang H. An analysis on choice behavior of tourist destination based on tourist motivation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2014,14(5):175-180.]
[26]贾中星,景海涛,李伟.基于GIS与旅行商问题的自驾游路径设计[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2014(9):93-96.[Jia Z X, Jing H T, Li W. Self-driving route design concerning gis and traveling salesman[J]. Geomatics&Spatial Information Technology, 2014(9):93-96.]
[27] Lew A A, Mc Kercher B. Trip destinations, gateways and itineraries:The example of Hong Kong[J]. Tourism Management, 2002,23(6):609-621.
[28]林岚,许志晖,丁登山.旅游者空间行为及其国内外研究综述[J].地理科学,2007,27(3):434-439.[Lin L, Xu Z H,Ding D S. Spacial Behavior of Tourists Research[J]. Geography Science, 2007,27(3):434-439.]
[29]张凌云.旅游地引力模型研究的回顾与前瞻[J].地理研究,1989(1):76-87.[Zhang L Y. Review on the study of tourism gravity models and it's future[J]. Geography Research, 1989(1):76-87.]
[30] Mancini S, Stecca G. A large neighborhood search based metaheuristic for the tourist cruises itinerary planning[J].Computers&Industrial Engineering, 2018,122:140-148.
[31]宣国富,陆林,汪德根,等.三亚市旅游客流空间特性研究[J].地理研究,2004,23(1):115-124.[Xuan G F, Lu L,Wang D G, et al. Spatial characteristics of tourist flows in coast resorts:A case study of sanya city[J]. Geographical Research, 2004,23(1):115-124.]
[32]卢天玲.塔尔寺旅游者旅行模式及其对地方旅游经济的影响[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(12):29-33.[Lu T L. The travelling patterns of taer lamasery tourists and their impact on local tourism economy[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2008,23(12):29-33.]
[33] Sylejmani K, Dorn J, Musliu N. Planning the trip itinerary for tourist groups[J]. Information Technology&Tourism, 2017,17(3):275-314.
[34]杨兴柱,吴静.南京市旅游流网络结构特征历时性比较[J].旅游科学,2015(4):35-46.[Yang X Z, Wu J. A diachronic comparison of the characteristics of the structure of tourism flow network in nanjing[J]. Tourism Science,2015(4):35-46.]
[35]陈享尔,蔡建明.基于资源类型及空间特征的城郊观光农业旅游线路研究——以上海市闵行区为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(9):161-168.[Chen X E, Cai J M. Tour routes of tourism agriculture in the suburbs of big cities based on the types and spatial characteristics of resources:A case study of minhang district of shanghai[J]. Economic Geography, 2013,33(9):161-168.]
[36]郑玥,龙毅,明小娜,严瑞.多种空间关系组合的地理位置自然语言描述方法[J].地球信息科学学报,2011,13(4):465-471.[Zheng Y, Long Y, Ming X N, et al. Natural language description of geographic location considering various spatial relations with different references[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2011,13(4):465-471.]
[37]吴长彬,闾国年.空间拓扑关系若干问题研究现状的评析[J].地球信息科学学报,2010,12(4):524-531.[Wu C B,Lv G N. Spatial topological relationships:An overview and analysis[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science,2010,12(4):524-531.]