地膜覆盖对不同芝麻品种农艺性状及产量构成因素的影响
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摘要
为筛选芝麻高产稳产新品种,探索芝麻高产高效栽培新技术,选用冀航芝1号、冀航芝2号和冀航芝3号芝麻新品种,设置露地种植和地膜覆盖2种栽培模式,研究地膜覆盖对不同芝麻品种产量构成因素、主要农艺性状和抗病性的影响,比较不同芝麻品种不同栽培模式下的产量和经济效益。结果表明,地膜覆盖可显著增加芝麻的株高和茎粗,同时降低始蒴高度,增加有效果轴长和单株果节数,促进根系生长,增加主根长度、侧根数量和分布范围。地膜覆盖栽培对芝麻病害影响不明显,但可显著增强芝麻抗倒伏能力,冀航芝1号、冀航芝2号和冀航芝3号露地种植倒伏率分别是覆膜种植的3.5、2.8和3.0倍;相关分析和偏相关分析表明茎粗和株高对倒伏率的影响达到极显著水平;品种与栽培模式对小区产量、单株生产力、千粒重和单株蒴数有极显著影响;二者的互作对单株生产力和单株蒴数有极显著影响,对小区产量有显著影响,对千粒重无显著影响。地膜覆盖大幅度提高各品种净收入和成本利润率,覆膜种植冀航芝2号获得的经济效益最大,成本利润率达到126.57%。
In order to illustrate the effects of plastic film mulching on agronomic traits for different sesame varieties, three varieties, Jihangzhi No.1, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 were used as materials in this study. The yield, agronomic traits, disease resistance, and economic benefit were compared between the open field culture model and plastic film mulching culture model. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, effective fruit axial length, number of fruit nodes per plant were significantly increased by mulching culture, while the height of first capsule was decreased. Meanwhile, mulching culture was helpful to the root growth, due to the main root length, the number of lateral roots and the range of roots were increased. The effect of plastic mulching on sesame disease was not obvious. The ability of lodging resistance was enhanced by plastic film mulching. Lodging percentage of Jihangzhi No.1, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 in open field were 3.5, 2.8 and 3.0 times of the plastic film mulching cultivation respectively. Correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis showed that the effects of stem diameter and plant height on the lodging percentage were significant(P<0.01). Variety and cultivation mode had very significant impact on plot yield, yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and capsule number per plant; and the interaction between them had very significant impact on yield per plant and capsule number per plant, which had significant impact on plot yield, and had no significant on 1000-grain weight. Plastic film mulching could substantially increase net income and cost-profit ratio of cultivated sesame, and Jihangzhi No.2 planted with plastic film mulching achieved maximum economic benefits, the cost-profit ratio reached 126.57%.
In order to illustrate the effects of plastic film mulching on agronomic traits for different sesame varieties, three varieties, Jihangzhi No.1, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 were used as materials in this study. The yield, agronomic traits, disease resistance, and economic benefit were compared between the open field culture model and plastic film mulching culture model. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, effective fruit axial length, number of fruit nodes per plant were significantly increased by mulching culture, while the height of first capsule was decreased. Meanwhile, mulching culture was helpful to the root growth, due to the main root length, the number of lateral roots and the range of roots were increased. The effect of plastic mulching on sesame disease was not obvious. The ability of lodging resistance was enhanced by plastic film mulching. Lodging percentage of Jihangzhi No.1, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 in open field were 3.5, 2.8 and 3.0 times of the plastic film mulching cultivation respectively. Correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis showed that the effects of stem diameter and plant height on the lodging percentage were significant(P<0.01). Variety and cultivation mode had very significant impact on plot yield, yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and capsule number per plant; and the interaction between them had very significant impact on yield per plant and capsule number per plant, which had significant impact on plot yield, and had no significant on 1000-grain weight. Plastic film mulching could substantially increase net income and cost-profit ratio of cultivated sesame, and Jihangzhi No.2 planted with plastic film mulching achieved maximum economic benefits, the cost-profit ratio reached 126.57%.
引文
[1]颜小文,乐美旺,饶月亮,等.播种期对芝麻生育期及产量性状的影响.作物研究,2011,25(1):22-25.
[2]徐桂真,张京慧,和剑涵,等.恢复和发展河北省芝麻生产的对策.河北农业科学,2010,14(6):109-110,154.
[3]Bedigian D,Harlan J R.Evidence for cultivation of sesame in the ancient world.Economic Botany,1986,40:137-154.
[4]Zhang H Y,Miao H M,Li C,et al.Ultra-dense SNP genetic map construction and identification of Si Dt gene controlling the determinate growth habit in Sesamumindicum L.Scientific Reports,2016,6:31556;doi:10.1038/srep31556.
[5]吴建军.花生地膜覆盖增产栽培技术研究与实践.安徽农学通报,2008,14(16):39-41.
[6]康树立,詹海燕,金焱,等.覆膜栽培对抗氧化花生的影响研究.杂粮作物,2006,26(3):229-231.
[7]王冀川,万素梅,张爱华.地膜油葵的生长规律与密度效应的研究.西北农业学报,2004,13(2):149-152,157.
[8]刘文萍,卫双玲,任果香,等.不同播种技术对芝麻品种汾芝2号的影响.农村科技通讯,2012(8):115-117.
[9]刘文萍,王勇,张超美,等.地膜覆盖在春芝麻栽培中的增产效应研究.甘肃农业科技,2003(6):22-23.
[10]王瑾,周立杰,李玉荣,等.不同栽培模式对芝麻农艺性状及产量的影响.华北农学报,2011,26(增刊):253-256.
[11]王艳春,刘秋颖.芝麻地膜覆盖栽培技术.农民致富之友,2012(10):32.
[12]梁金平.地膜覆盖栽培对夏薯‘龙薯24号’增产因素的探讨.福建农业学报,2013,28(4):324-329.
[13]杨桂平,贾淑贤,张振连,等.冀西北旱地地膜西瓜优质高产栽培技术.现代农业科技,2011(2):145,148.
[14]孙宝.土豆地膜覆盖栽培技术.吉林农业,2016(21):94.
[15]孙梦媛,刘景辉,杨彦明.全膜单垄垄上微沟播种栽培方式对旱作马铃薯生长及产量的影响.作物杂志,2016(5):101-105.
[16]安曈昕,陈梦丽,周锋.玉米沟塘覆膜模式间作马铃薯产量效益研究.作物杂志,2016(5):106-111.
[17]汪磊,谭美莲,叶春雷,等.胡麻覆膜种植对产量、水分利用和经济效益的影响.中国油料作物,2016,38(4):460-466.
[18]于爱忠,柴强.供水与地膜覆盖对干旱灌区玉米产量的影响.作物学报,2015,41(5):778-786.
[19]Li F M,Guo A H,Wei H.Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat.Field Crops Research,1999,63:79-86.
[20]Niu J Y,Gan Y T,Zhang J W,et al.Postanthesis dry matter accumulation and redistribution in spring wheat mulched with plastic film.Crop Science,1998,38:1562-1568.
[21]Qin S H,Zhang J L,Dai H L,et al.Effect of ridge-furrow and plastic-mulching planting patterns on yield formation and water movement of potato in a semi-arid area.Agricultural Water Management,2014,131:87-94.
[22]Dong B D,Liu M Y,Jiang J W,et al.Growth,grain yield,and water use efficiency of rain-fed spring hybrid millet(Setaria italica)in plastic-mulched and unmulched fields.Agricultural Water Management,2014,143(9):93-101.
[23]Li R,Hou X Q,Jia Z K,et al.Effects on soil temperature,moisture,and maize yield of cultivation with ridge and furrow mulching in the rainfed area of the Loess Plateau,China.Agricultural Water Management,2013,116:101-109.
[24]Zhou L M,Li F M,Jin S L,et al.How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affect soil water,soil temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China.Field Crops Research,2009,113:41-47.
[25]Zhu L,Liu J L,Luo S S,et al.Soil mulchingcan mitigate soil water deficiency impacts on rainfed maize production in semiarid environments.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2015,14:58-66.
[26]樊俊华,郝建平,宋晓丽.旱地冬小麦渗水地膜覆盖下温度及产量效应研究.山西农业大学学报,2006,26(3):242-244,287.
[27]高亮,张维宏,杜雄,等.覆膜和补灌对杂交谷子产量形成与水分利用效率的影响.作物学报,2017,43(1):122-132.
[2]徐桂真,张京慧,和剑涵,等.恢复和发展河北省芝麻生产的对策.河北农业科学,2010,14(6):109-110,154.
[3]Bedigian D,Harlan J R.Evidence for cultivation of sesame in the ancient world.Economic Botany,1986,40:137-154.
[4]Zhang H Y,Miao H M,Li C,et al.Ultra-dense SNP genetic map construction and identification of Si Dt gene controlling the determinate growth habit in Sesamumindicum L.Scientific Reports,2016,6:31556;doi:10.1038/srep31556.
[5]吴建军.花生地膜覆盖增产栽培技术研究与实践.安徽农学通报,2008,14(16):39-41.
[6]康树立,詹海燕,金焱,等.覆膜栽培对抗氧化花生的影响研究.杂粮作物,2006,26(3):229-231.
[7]王冀川,万素梅,张爱华.地膜油葵的生长规律与密度效应的研究.西北农业学报,2004,13(2):149-152,157.
[8]刘文萍,卫双玲,任果香,等.不同播种技术对芝麻品种汾芝2号的影响.农村科技通讯,2012(8):115-117.
[9]刘文萍,王勇,张超美,等.地膜覆盖在春芝麻栽培中的增产效应研究.甘肃农业科技,2003(6):22-23.
[10]王瑾,周立杰,李玉荣,等.不同栽培模式对芝麻农艺性状及产量的影响.华北农学报,2011,26(增刊):253-256.
[11]王艳春,刘秋颖.芝麻地膜覆盖栽培技术.农民致富之友,2012(10):32.
[12]梁金平.地膜覆盖栽培对夏薯‘龙薯24号’增产因素的探讨.福建农业学报,2013,28(4):324-329.
[13]杨桂平,贾淑贤,张振连,等.冀西北旱地地膜西瓜优质高产栽培技术.现代农业科技,2011(2):145,148.
[14]孙宝.土豆地膜覆盖栽培技术.吉林农业,2016(21):94.
[15]孙梦媛,刘景辉,杨彦明.全膜单垄垄上微沟播种栽培方式对旱作马铃薯生长及产量的影响.作物杂志,2016(5):101-105.
[16]安曈昕,陈梦丽,周锋.玉米沟塘覆膜模式间作马铃薯产量效益研究.作物杂志,2016(5):106-111.
[17]汪磊,谭美莲,叶春雷,等.胡麻覆膜种植对产量、水分利用和经济效益的影响.中国油料作物,2016,38(4):460-466.
[18]于爱忠,柴强.供水与地膜覆盖对干旱灌区玉米产量的影响.作物学报,2015,41(5):778-786.
[19]Li F M,Guo A H,Wei H.Effects of clear plastic film mulch on yield of spring wheat.Field Crops Research,1999,63:79-86.
[20]Niu J Y,Gan Y T,Zhang J W,et al.Postanthesis dry matter accumulation and redistribution in spring wheat mulched with plastic film.Crop Science,1998,38:1562-1568.
[21]Qin S H,Zhang J L,Dai H L,et al.Effect of ridge-furrow and plastic-mulching planting patterns on yield formation and water movement of potato in a semi-arid area.Agricultural Water Management,2014,131:87-94.
[22]Dong B D,Liu M Y,Jiang J W,et al.Growth,grain yield,and water use efficiency of rain-fed spring hybrid millet(Setaria italica)in plastic-mulched and unmulched fields.Agricultural Water Management,2014,143(9):93-101.
[23]Li R,Hou X Q,Jia Z K,et al.Effects on soil temperature,moisture,and maize yield of cultivation with ridge and furrow mulching in the rainfed area of the Loess Plateau,China.Agricultural Water Management,2013,116:101-109.
[24]Zhou L M,Li F M,Jin S L,et al.How two ridges and the furrow mulched with plastic film affect soil water,soil temperature and yield of maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China.Field Crops Research,2009,113:41-47.
[25]Zhu L,Liu J L,Luo S S,et al.Soil mulchingcan mitigate soil water deficiency impacts on rainfed maize production in semiarid environments.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2015,14:58-66.
[26]樊俊华,郝建平,宋晓丽.旱地冬小麦渗水地膜覆盖下温度及产量效应研究.山西农业大学学报,2006,26(3):242-244,287.
[27]高亮,张维宏,杜雄,等.覆膜和补灌对杂交谷子产量形成与水分利用效率的影响.作物学报,2017,43(1):122-132.