洪泽湖大型水生植物群落结构和时空格局的GIS模拟（英文）
|
摘要
2010—2011年对洪泽湖大型水生植物进行了4个季度全面的调查和研究,共发现大型水生植物8科12种,其中沉水植物9种,挺水植物1种,浮叶植物2种。马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)、微齿眼子菜(P. maackianu)、篦齿眼子菜(P. pectinatus)和菹草(P. crispus)为全年优势度较高的水生植物,但4个季节大型水生植物的优势种类组成差异明显。秋季的水草生物量最高,其次为夏季和冬季,春季最低。结合GPS (Global Position System)和GIS (Geographic Information System),利用GIS的Kring插值法对洪泽湖大型水生植物总生物量及主要优势物种的时空分布进行了可视化模拟。结果发现洪泽湖现阶段大型水生植物分布区域主要集中在湖区北部水质较好、透明度较高且相对封闭的成子湖区。文章也分析了洪泽湖大型水生植物变迁的潜在影响因子,为水生植物保护和生态系统健康提供了基础依据。
A comprehensive investigation on macrophyte community in Hongze Lake was conducted seasonally from May 2010 to February 2011. Overall, twelve species representing eight families of macrophytes were identified in Hongze Lake, including nine species of submerged plants, two species of floating-leaved plants, and one species of emerging plant. In general, Potamogeton malaianus, P. maackianu, P. pectinatus and P. crispus were the four dominant species throughout the whole year, the highest biomass of macrophytes was presented in autumn, followed by summer and winter, while spring had the lowest biomass of macrophytes. Based on field data, we used kriging interpolation in ArcGis to map the spatiotemporal distribution of the entire macrophyte community as well as each of the four dominant species. From the GIS maps we observed that the northern area of the lake, namely the Chengzihu region, had the highest biomass of macrophytes potentially as a result of better water quality and greater transparency. Potential factors that affected the community structure, biomass, and distribution patterns of macrophytes considerably were then discussed.The results of this study illuminate the need for more information on the role and importance of aquatic macrophytes in shallow lake ecosystems. Conservation of macrophytes should be taken to maintain the lake ecosystem health.
A comprehensive investigation on macrophyte community in Hongze Lake was conducted seasonally from May 2010 to February 2011. Overall, twelve species representing eight families of macrophytes were identified in Hongze Lake, including nine species of submerged plants, two species of floating-leaved plants, and one species of emerging plant. In general, Potamogeton malaianus, P. maackianu, P. pectinatus and P. crispus were the four dominant species throughout the whole year, the highest biomass of macrophytes was presented in autumn, followed by summer and winter, while spring had the lowest biomass of macrophytes. Based on field data, we used kriging interpolation in ArcGis to map the spatiotemporal distribution of the entire macrophyte community as well as each of the four dominant species. From the GIS maps we observed that the northern area of the lake, namely the Chengzihu region, had the highest biomass of macrophytes potentially as a result of better water quality and greater transparency. Potential factors that affected the community structure, biomass, and distribution patterns of macrophytes considerably were then discussed.The results of this study illuminate the need for more information on the role and importance of aquatic macrophytes in shallow lake ecosystems. Conservation of macrophytes should be taken to maintain the lake ecosystem health.
引文
[1]Wetzel R G.Limnology:Lake and River Ecosystems[M].San Diego:Academic Press.2001,1006
[2]Hrivnak R,Ot'ahel'ova H,Valachovic M.Macrophyte distri-bution and ecological status of the Turiec River(Slovakia):changes after seven years[J].Archives of Biology Sciences,2009,61(2):297-306
[3]Tamire G,Mengistou S.Macrophyte species composition,distribution and diversity in relation to some physicochemical factors in the littoral zone of Lake Ziway,Ethiopia[J].African Journal of Ecology,2012,51(1):66-77
[4]Madsen J D,Bloomfield J A,Sutherland J W,et al.The aquatic macrophyte community of Onondaga Lake:Field survey and plant growth bioassays of lake sediments[J].Lake and Reservoir Management,1996,12(1):73-79
[5]Scheffer M,Jeppesen E.Regime shifts in shallow lakes[J].Ecosystems,2007,10(1):1-3
[6]Smith J E.Algae.In:Simberloff D,Rejmanek M(Eds.),Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions.Los Angeles:University of California Press,2011,1-710
[7]Flint N A,Madsen J D.The effect of temperature and day length on the germination of Potamogetonnodosus tubers[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,1995,10:125-128
[8]Carpenter S R,Lodge D M.Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes[J].Aquatic Botany,1986,26(3-4):341-370
[9]Jaikumar M,Chellaiyan D,Kanagu L,Kumar P S,Stella C.Distribution and succession of aquatic macrophytes in Chilka Lake-India[J].Journal of Ecology&the Natural Environment,2011,3(16):499-508
[10]Siraj S,Yousuf A R,Parveen M.Spatio-temporal dynamics of macrophytes in relation to ecology of a Kashmir Himalayan Wetland[J].International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics,2011,1(4):84-88
[11]Feldmann T.The structuring role of lake conditions for aquatic macrophytes[D].Doctoral Dissertation.Estonian University of Life Sciences,Tartu.2012
[12]Wang S M,Dou H S.Lakes of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998,256-300(in Chinese)
[13]Zhang S Y.The countermeasures research on the present condition and problems of fishery resources and environment of the Hongze lake[D].Thesis for Master of Science.Soochow University,Suzhou.2010(in Chinese)
[14]Zhang S Z.Aquatic vegetation in Hongze Lake[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1992,4(1):63-70(in Chinese)
[15]Guo C B,Ye S W,Lek S,et al.The need for improved fishery management in a shallow macrophytic lake in the Yangtze River basin:Evidence from the food web structure and ecosystem analysis[J].Ecological Modelling,2013,267:138-147
[16]Liu W L,Deng W,Wang G X,et al.Aquatic macrophyte status and variation characteristics in the past 50 years in Hongzehu Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(6):1-8(in Chinese)
[17]Wang Q,Chen J.Formation and evolution of Hongze Lake and the Huaihe River mouth along the lake[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1999,11(3):244-249(in Chinese)
[18]Cook C D K.Aquatic Plant Book(2nd edition)[M].The Hague,the Netherlands:SPB Academic Publishing.1996,1-228
[19]Chen H D.Structure and dynamics of macrophyte communities in Lake Donghu,Wuhan[J].Oceanology and Limnologia Sinica,1980,11(3):275-283(in Chinese)
[20]Zhu S,Dou H.Water resources and aquatic resources in Hongze Lake[M].Hefei:China University of Science and Technology Press.1993,170-173(in Chinese)
[21]Zhang J,Deng H G,Wu A Q,et al.Decomposition of Potamogetoncrispusandits effect on the aquatic environment of Dongping Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2590-2596(in Chinese)
[22]Dawson F H,Szoszkiewicz K.Relationships of some ecological factors with the associations of vegetation in British rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,415(3):117-122
[23]Heegaard E,Birks H H,Gibson C E,et al.Species-environmental relationships of aquatic macrophytes in Northern Ireland[J].Archives of Sexual Behavior,2001,70(3):175-223
[24]Makela S,Huitu E,Arvola L.Spatial patterns in aquatic vegetation composition and environmental covariates along chains of lakes in the Kokemaenjoki watershed(S.Finland)[J].Aquatic Botany,2004,80(4):253-269
[25]Dar N A,Pandit A K,Ganai B A.Factors affecting the distribution patterns of aquatic macrophytes[J].Limnological Review,2014,14(2):75-81
[26]Bini L M,Thomaz S M,Murphy K J,et al.Aquatic macrophyte distribution in relation to water and sediment conditions in the Itaipu Reservoir,Brazil[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,147(415):147-154
[27]Lougheed V L,Crosbie B,Chowfraser P.Primary determi-nants of macrophyte community structure in 62 marshes across the Great Lakes basin:latitude,land use,and water quality effects[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(8):1603-1612
[28]Pandit A K.Freshwater biological resources of Kashmir Himalaya.In:Pandit A K(Eds.),Srinagar:Natural Resources of Western Himalaya,Valley Book House.2002,123-174
[29]Gecheva G,Yurukova L,Cheshmedjiev S.Patterns of aquatic macrophyte species composition and distribution in Bulgarian rivers[J].Turkish Journal of Botany,2013,37(1):99-110
[30]Khadija S A.Macrophytic Distribution and Trophic State of Some Natural and Impacted Watercourses-Belgium Wallonia[J].International Journal of Water Sciences,2013,2(3):1-11
[31]Li W,Du X,Lin M,et al.Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of water quality in Hongze Lake based on PCA and SOM[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(12):1593-1601(in Chinese)
[32]Kors A,Vilbaste S,Kairo K,Pall P,et al.Temporal changes in the composition of macrophyte communities and environmental factors governing the distribution of aquatic plants in an unregulated lowland river(Emajogi,Estonia)[J].Boreal Environment Research,2012,17(6):460-472
[33]Rea T E,Karapatakis D J,Guy K K,et al.The relative effects of water depth,fetch and other physical factors on the development of macrophytes in a small southeastern US pond[J].Aquatic Botany,1998,61(4):289-299
[34]Beneberu G,Mengistou S.Oligo trophication trend of Lake Ziway,Ethiopia[J].Sinet Ethiopian Journal of Science,2011,32(2):141-148
[35]Wen Y H,Huang L Y,Luo L Y.Analysis on the features of variation of water level in Hongze Lake[J].Water Conservancy of Jiangsu Province,2006,3(13):27-28(in Chinese)
[2]Hrivnak R,Ot'ahel'ova H,Valachovic M.Macrophyte distri-bution and ecological status of the Turiec River(Slovakia):changes after seven years[J].Archives of Biology Sciences,2009,61(2):297-306
[3]Tamire G,Mengistou S.Macrophyte species composition,distribution and diversity in relation to some physicochemical factors in the littoral zone of Lake Ziway,Ethiopia[J].African Journal of Ecology,2012,51(1):66-77
[4]Madsen J D,Bloomfield J A,Sutherland J W,et al.The aquatic macrophyte community of Onondaga Lake:Field survey and plant growth bioassays of lake sediments[J].Lake and Reservoir Management,1996,12(1):73-79
[5]Scheffer M,Jeppesen E.Regime shifts in shallow lakes[J].Ecosystems,2007,10(1):1-3
[6]Smith J E.Algae.In:Simberloff D,Rejmanek M(Eds.),Encyclopedia of Biological Invasions.Los Angeles:University of California Press,2011,1-710
[7]Flint N A,Madsen J D.The effect of temperature and day length on the germination of Potamogetonnodosus tubers[J].Journal of Freshwater Ecology,1995,10:125-128
[8]Carpenter S R,Lodge D M.Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes[J].Aquatic Botany,1986,26(3-4):341-370
[9]Jaikumar M,Chellaiyan D,Kanagu L,Kumar P S,Stella C.Distribution and succession of aquatic macrophytes in Chilka Lake-India[J].Journal of Ecology&the Natural Environment,2011,3(16):499-508
[10]Siraj S,Yousuf A R,Parveen M.Spatio-temporal dynamics of macrophytes in relation to ecology of a Kashmir Himalayan Wetland[J].International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics,2011,1(4):84-88
[11]Feldmann T.The structuring role of lake conditions for aquatic macrophytes[D].Doctoral Dissertation.Estonian University of Life Sciences,Tartu.2012
[12]Wang S M,Dou H S.Lakes of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998,256-300(in Chinese)
[13]Zhang S Y.The countermeasures research on the present condition and problems of fishery resources and environment of the Hongze lake[D].Thesis for Master of Science.Soochow University,Suzhou.2010(in Chinese)
[14]Zhang S Z.Aquatic vegetation in Hongze Lake[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1992,4(1):63-70(in Chinese)
[15]Guo C B,Ye S W,Lek S,et al.The need for improved fishery management in a shallow macrophytic lake in the Yangtze River basin:Evidence from the food web structure and ecosystem analysis[J].Ecological Modelling,2013,267:138-147
[16]Liu W L,Deng W,Wang G X,et al.Aquatic macrophyte status and variation characteristics in the past 50 years in Hongzehu Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2009,2(6):1-8(in Chinese)
[17]Wang Q,Chen J.Formation and evolution of Hongze Lake and the Huaihe River mouth along the lake[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1999,11(3):244-249(in Chinese)
[18]Cook C D K.Aquatic Plant Book(2nd edition)[M].The Hague,the Netherlands:SPB Academic Publishing.1996,1-228
[19]Chen H D.Structure and dynamics of macrophyte communities in Lake Donghu,Wuhan[J].Oceanology and Limnologia Sinica,1980,11(3):275-283(in Chinese)
[20]Zhu S,Dou H.Water resources and aquatic resources in Hongze Lake[M].Hefei:China University of Science and Technology Press.1993,170-173(in Chinese)
[21]Zhang J,Deng H G,Wu A Q,et al.Decomposition of Potamogetoncrispusandits effect on the aquatic environment of Dongping Lake[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2590-2596(in Chinese)
[22]Dawson F H,Szoszkiewicz K.Relationships of some ecological factors with the associations of vegetation in British rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,415(3):117-122
[23]Heegaard E,Birks H H,Gibson C E,et al.Species-environmental relationships of aquatic macrophytes in Northern Ireland[J].Archives of Sexual Behavior,2001,70(3):175-223
[24]Makela S,Huitu E,Arvola L.Spatial patterns in aquatic vegetation composition and environmental covariates along chains of lakes in the Kokemaenjoki watershed(S.Finland)[J].Aquatic Botany,2004,80(4):253-269
[25]Dar N A,Pandit A K,Ganai B A.Factors affecting the distribution patterns of aquatic macrophytes[J].Limnological Review,2014,14(2):75-81
[26]Bini L M,Thomaz S M,Murphy K J,et al.Aquatic macrophyte distribution in relation to water and sediment conditions in the Itaipu Reservoir,Brazil[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,147(415):147-154
[27]Lougheed V L,Crosbie B,Chowfraser P.Primary determi-nants of macrophyte community structure in 62 marshes across the Great Lakes basin:latitude,land use,and water quality effects[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences,2001,58(8):1603-1612
[28]Pandit A K.Freshwater biological resources of Kashmir Himalaya.In:Pandit A K(Eds.),Srinagar:Natural Resources of Western Himalaya,Valley Book House.2002,123-174
[29]Gecheva G,Yurukova L,Cheshmedjiev S.Patterns of aquatic macrophyte species composition and distribution in Bulgarian rivers[J].Turkish Journal of Botany,2013,37(1):99-110
[30]Khadija S A.Macrophytic Distribution and Trophic State of Some Natural and Impacted Watercourses-Belgium Wallonia[J].International Journal of Water Sciences,2013,2(3):1-11
[31]Li W,Du X,Lin M,et al.Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of water quality in Hongze Lake based on PCA and SOM[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(12):1593-1601(in Chinese)
[32]Kors A,Vilbaste S,Kairo K,Pall P,et al.Temporal changes in the composition of macrophyte communities and environmental factors governing the distribution of aquatic plants in an unregulated lowland river(Emajogi,Estonia)[J].Boreal Environment Research,2012,17(6):460-472
[33]Rea T E,Karapatakis D J,Guy K K,et al.The relative effects of water depth,fetch and other physical factors on the development of macrophytes in a small southeastern US pond[J].Aquatic Botany,1998,61(4):289-299
[34]Beneberu G,Mengistou S.Oligo trophication trend of Lake Ziway,Ethiopia[J].Sinet Ethiopian Journal of Science,2011,32(2):141-148
[35]Wen Y H,Huang L Y,Luo L Y.Analysis on the features of variation of water level in Hongze Lake[J].Water Conservancy of Jiangsu Province,2006,3(13):27-28(in Chinese)