浅水湖泊人工繁育鳜放养规格对其成活、生长和产量的影响（英文）
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摘要
文章采用标志放流回捕方法评估了人工繁育鳜放流规格对其成活、生长和产量的影响。2012年5—6月选取3种不同大小规格的人工繁育鳜鱼苗各800尾,中等规格鳜苗种和大规格鳜苗种分别采用剪尾鳍和编码金属标标记后放入试验湖泊小赛湖, 2012年12月试验湖泊逐渐降低水位,回捕收集放流鳜并鉴定身份。结果显示3种规格放流鳜的总成活率为40.5%,其中大规格放流鳜的成活率为63%,明显高于中规格放流鳜(39.1%)和小规格放流鳜(19.5%)。放流鳜的终末体长和体重均随放流规格的增加而增加,且3种规格放流鳜的终末体长和体重均呈现显著差异。放流鳜的产量和净收益在大规格处理组最大,在小规格处理组最小。结果表明鳜放流规格对鳜放流成功与否有重要影响,建议长江中游湖泊鳜的最佳放流规格应不小于50 mm。
A tag-release-recapture study was conducted to evaluate effects of size at release on survival,growth and yield of hatchery-reared mandarin fish Siniperca chautsi fingerlings stocked in a shallow Yangtze lake. In May and June 2012, a total of 2400 juvenile mandarin fish were graded into three size groups, identified with coded wire tags and tail fin clipping, and released into Xiaosai Lake. Mandarin fish were collected after the lake drained in December 2012. Overall, a total of 973 mandarin fish individuals were captured, with an average survival rate of 40.5%. Survival rate of large sized group(63%) is more than three times higher than that of small sized group(19.5%) and 1.5 times higher than that of middle sized group(39.1%). The mean final length and weight of mandarin fish increased with the increase of release size and showed significant difference among groups. Yield was significantly affected by release size, which was the highest in large sized group and the lowest in small sized group. The net income of stocked mandarin fish increased with the increase of fish size at release. Our results indicated that mandarin fish size at release can have a major impact on success of hatchery releases, and it is suggested that the optimum release size of mandarin fish should not be less than 50 mm in Xiaosai Lake.
A tag-release-recapture study was conducted to evaluate effects of size at release on survival,growth and yield of hatchery-reared mandarin fish Siniperca chautsi fingerlings stocked in a shallow Yangtze lake. In May and June 2012, a total of 2400 juvenile mandarin fish were graded into three size groups, identified with coded wire tags and tail fin clipping, and released into Xiaosai Lake. Mandarin fish were collected after the lake drained in December 2012. Overall, a total of 973 mandarin fish individuals were captured, with an average survival rate of 40.5%. Survival rate of large sized group(63%) is more than three times higher than that of small sized group(19.5%) and 1.5 times higher than that of middle sized group(39.1%). The mean final length and weight of mandarin fish increased with the increase of release size and showed significant difference among groups. Yield was significantly affected by release size, which was the highest in large sized group and the lowest in small sized group. The net income of stocked mandarin fish increased with the increase of fish size at release. Our results indicated that mandarin fish size at release can have a major impact on success of hatchery releases, and it is suggested that the optimum release size of mandarin fish should not be less than 50 mm in Xiaosai Lake.
引文
[1]Li W,Liu J,Zhang T,et al.Handbook of Stock Enhancement Technology for Mandarin Fish Siniperca chuatsi Basilewsky[M].Beijing:Science Press.2014,1-89(in Chinese)
[2]Yao G,Liang X.New Technology of Efficient Ecological Farming for Mandarin Fish[M].Beijing:Ocean Press.2015,2-188(in Chinese)
[3]Liu J,Cui Y,Liu J.Food consumption and growth of two piscivorous fishes,the mandarin fish and the Chinese snakehead[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,53:1071-1083
[4]Li W,Zhang T,Li Z.Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake,a shallow lake along the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010,28:470-477
[5]Liu J,He B.Cultivation of the Chinese Freshwater Fishes[M].Beijing:Science Press.1992,3(in Chinese)
[6]Cao W,Zhang G,Ma J,et al.Preliminary studies on the phenomenon of size diminution of the fish resources in Lake Honghu[M].Studies on Comprehensive Exploitation of Aquatic Biological Productivity and Ecological Environment in Lake Honghu.Honghu Research Group.Beijing:China Ocean Press.1991,148-152(in Chinese)
[7]Liu Q,Shen J,Chen M,et al.Advances of the study oil the miniaturization of natural economical fish resources[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14:79-83(in Chinese)
[8]Xie S,Cui Y,Zhang T,et al.The spatial pattern of the small fish community in the Biandantang Lake-a small shallow lake along the middle reach of the Yangtze River,China[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,57:179-190
[9]Chen H.Impact of aquaculture on the ecosystem of the Donghu Lake,Wuhan[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1989,13:359-36(in Chinese)
[10]S(?)ndergaard M,Jeppesen E,Berg S.Pike(Esox lucius L.)stocking as a biomanipulation tool.2.Effects on the lower trophic levels in Lake Lyng,Denmark[J].Hydrobiologia,1997.342/343:319-325
[11]Liere L V,Gulati R D.Restoration and recovery of shallow eutrophic lake ecosystems in the Netherlands:epilogue[J].Hydrobiologia,1992,233:283-287
[12]Cui Y,Li Z.Fishery Resources and Conservation of Environment in Lakes of the Yangtze River Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press.2005,335-341(in Chinese)
[13]Kampa J M,Hatzenbeler G R.Survival and growth of walleye fingerlings stocked at two sizes in 24 Wisconsin lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2009,29:996-1000
[14]Johnson E G,Hines A H,Kramer M A,et al.Importance ofseason and size of release to stocking success for the blue crab in chesapeake bay[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,2008,16:243-253
[15]Leber K M.Significance of fish size-at-release on enhancement of striped mullet fisheries in Hawaii[J].Journal of World Aquaculture Society,1995,26:143-153
[16]Blankenship H L,Leber K M.A responsible approach to marine stock enhancement[J].American Fisheries Society Symposium,1995,15:568-569
[17]Zhang,B.Effects of stocking enhancement and genetic diversity of mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)in shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[D].Doctoral dissertation.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.2007
[18]Li W,Zhang T,Zhang C,et al.Effects of turbidity and light intensity on foraging success of juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2013,96:995-1002
[19]Li W.Ecological studies on the stocking fishery of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)in shallow lakes along the middle reach of the Yangtze River[D].Doctoral dissertation.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.2011(in Chinese)
[20]Brooks R C,Heidinger R C,Hoxmeier R J,et al.Relative survival of three sizes of walleyes stocked into Illinois lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2002,22:995-1006
[21]Zhang B,Li Z.Tagging juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)with coded wire tag[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14:53-58(in Chinese)
[22]Gomes L C,Chagas E C,Martins-Junior H,et al.Cage culture of tambaqui(Colossoma macropomum)in a central Amazon floodplain lake[J].Aquaculture,2006,253:374-384
[23]Dudash M,Heidinger R C.Comparative Survival and growth of various size channel catfish stocked into a lake containing largemouth bass[J].Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science,1996,89:105-111
[24]Heidinger R C,Waddell J H,Tetzlaff B L.Relative survival of walleye fry versus fingerlings in two Illinois reservoirs[J].Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies,1987,39:306-311
[25]Santucci V J,Wahl D H.Factors influencing survival and growth of stocked walleye(Stizostedion vitreum)in a centrarchid-dominated impoundment[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1993,50:1548-1558
[26]Jennings M J,Philipp D P.Use of allozyme markers to evaluate walleye stocking success[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1992,12:285-290
[27]Koppelman J B,Sullivan K P,Jeffries P J.Survival of three sizes of genetically marked walleye stocked into two Missouri impoundments[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1992,12:291-298
[28]Chiang I K.On the biology of mandarin fish,Siniperca chuatsi of Liangzi Lake[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1959,3:375-385(in Chinese)
[29]Li W,Hicks B J,Guo C,et al.Does hatchery-reared Siniperca chuatsi(Actinopterygii,Perciformes)compete significantly with two wild Siniperca populations for diets in a shallow lake[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,741:125-138
[30]Claessen D,van Oss C,de Roos A M,et al.The impact of size-dependent predation on population dynamics and individual life history[J].Ecology,2002,83:1660-1675
[31]Li W,Zhang T,Ye S,et al.Feeding habits and predator-prey size relationships of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)in a shallow lake,central China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2013,29:56-63
[32]Pratt T C,Fox M G.Contribution and relative survival of age-0 walleyes stocked at two sizes in six eastern Ontario lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2003,23:997-1005
[33]Olson M H,Brooking T E,Green D M,et al.Survival and growth of intensively reared large walleye fingerlings andextensively reared small fingerlings stocked concurrently in small lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2000,20:337-348
[34]Clapp D F,Bhagwat Y,Wahl D H.The effect of thermal stress on walleye fry and fingerling mortality[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1997,17:429-437
[35]Kramer S H.Growth,mortality,and movements of juvenile California habitat Paralichthys californicus in shallow coastal and bay habitats of San Diego County,California[J].Fishery Bulletin,1991,89:195-207
[36]Yamashita Y,Nagahora S,Yamada H,et al.Effects of release size on survival and growth of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in coastal waters off Iwate Prefecture,northeastern Japan[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1994,105:269-276
[37]Heidinger R C.Stocking for sport fisheries enhancement[A].In:Kohler C C,Hubert W A,(Eds.),Inland fisheries management in North America,2nd edition[C].American Fisheries Society,Bethesda,Maryland.1999,375-401
[2]Yao G,Liang X.New Technology of Efficient Ecological Farming for Mandarin Fish[M].Beijing:Ocean Press.2015,2-188(in Chinese)
[3]Liu J,Cui Y,Liu J.Food consumption and growth of two piscivorous fishes,the mandarin fish and the Chinese snakehead[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1998,53:1071-1083
[4]Li W,Zhang T,Li Z.Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake,a shallow lake along the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010,28:470-477
[5]Liu J,He B.Cultivation of the Chinese Freshwater Fishes[M].Beijing:Science Press.1992,3(in Chinese)
[6]Cao W,Zhang G,Ma J,et al.Preliminary studies on the phenomenon of size diminution of the fish resources in Lake Honghu[M].Studies on Comprehensive Exploitation of Aquatic Biological Productivity and Ecological Environment in Lake Honghu.Honghu Research Group.Beijing:China Ocean Press.1991,148-152(in Chinese)
[7]Liu Q,Shen J,Chen M,et al.Advances of the study oil the miniaturization of natural economical fish resources[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2005,14:79-83(in Chinese)
[8]Xie S,Cui Y,Zhang T,et al.The spatial pattern of the small fish community in the Biandantang Lake-a small shallow lake along the middle reach of the Yangtze River,China[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,57:179-190
[9]Chen H.Impact of aquaculture on the ecosystem of the Donghu Lake,Wuhan[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1989,13:359-36(in Chinese)
[10]S(?)ndergaard M,Jeppesen E,Berg S.Pike(Esox lucius L.)stocking as a biomanipulation tool.2.Effects on the lower trophic levels in Lake Lyng,Denmark[J].Hydrobiologia,1997.342/343:319-325
[11]Liere L V,Gulati R D.Restoration and recovery of shallow eutrophic lake ecosystems in the Netherlands:epilogue[J].Hydrobiologia,1992,233:283-287
[12]Cui Y,Li Z.Fishery Resources and Conservation of Environment in Lakes of the Yangtze River Basin[M].Beijing:Science Press.2005,335-341(in Chinese)
[13]Kampa J M,Hatzenbeler G R.Survival and growth of walleye fingerlings stocked at two sizes in 24 Wisconsin lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2009,29:996-1000
[14]Johnson E G,Hines A H,Kramer M A,et al.Importance ofseason and size of release to stocking success for the blue crab in chesapeake bay[J].Reviews in Fisheries Science,2008,16:243-253
[15]Leber K M.Significance of fish size-at-release on enhancement of striped mullet fisheries in Hawaii[J].Journal of World Aquaculture Society,1995,26:143-153
[16]Blankenship H L,Leber K M.A responsible approach to marine stock enhancement[J].American Fisheries Society Symposium,1995,15:568-569
[17]Zhang,B.Effects of stocking enhancement and genetic diversity of mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)in shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River[D].Doctoral dissertation.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.2007
[18]Li W,Zhang T,Zhang C,et al.Effects of turbidity and light intensity on foraging success of juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2013,96:995-1002
[19]Li W.Ecological studies on the stocking fishery of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)in shallow lakes along the middle reach of the Yangtze River[D].Doctoral dissertation.Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing.2011(in Chinese)
[20]Brooks R C,Heidinger R C,Hoxmeier R J,et al.Relative survival of three sizes of walleyes stocked into Illinois lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2002,22:995-1006
[21]Zhang B,Li Z.Tagging juvenile mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)with coded wire tag[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2007,14:53-58(in Chinese)
[22]Gomes L C,Chagas E C,Martins-Junior H,et al.Cage culture of tambaqui(Colossoma macropomum)in a central Amazon floodplain lake[J].Aquaculture,2006,253:374-384
[23]Dudash M,Heidinger R C.Comparative Survival and growth of various size channel catfish stocked into a lake containing largemouth bass[J].Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science,1996,89:105-111
[24]Heidinger R C,Waddell J H,Tetzlaff B L.Relative survival of walleye fry versus fingerlings in two Illinois reservoirs[J].Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies,1987,39:306-311
[25]Santucci V J,Wahl D H.Factors influencing survival and growth of stocked walleye(Stizostedion vitreum)in a centrarchid-dominated impoundment[J].Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1993,50:1548-1558
[26]Jennings M J,Philipp D P.Use of allozyme markers to evaluate walleye stocking success[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1992,12:285-290
[27]Koppelman J B,Sullivan K P,Jeffries P J.Survival of three sizes of genetically marked walleye stocked into two Missouri impoundments[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1992,12:291-298
[28]Chiang I K.On the biology of mandarin fish,Siniperca chuatsi of Liangzi Lake[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1959,3:375-385(in Chinese)
[29]Li W,Hicks B J,Guo C,et al.Does hatchery-reared Siniperca chuatsi(Actinopterygii,Perciformes)compete significantly with two wild Siniperca populations for diets in a shallow lake[J].Hydrobiologia,2014,741:125-138
[30]Claessen D,van Oss C,de Roos A M,et al.The impact of size-dependent predation on population dynamics and individual life history[J].Ecology,2002,83:1660-1675
[31]Li W,Zhang T,Ye S,et al.Feeding habits and predator-prey size relationships of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi(Basilewsky)in a shallow lake,central China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2013,29:56-63
[32]Pratt T C,Fox M G.Contribution and relative survival of age-0 walleyes stocked at two sizes in six eastern Ontario lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2003,23:997-1005
[33]Olson M H,Brooking T E,Green D M,et al.Survival and growth of intensively reared large walleye fingerlings andextensively reared small fingerlings stocked concurrently in small lakes[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,2000,20:337-348
[34]Clapp D F,Bhagwat Y,Wahl D H.The effect of thermal stress on walleye fry and fingerling mortality[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1997,17:429-437
[35]Kramer S H.Growth,mortality,and movements of juvenile California habitat Paralichthys californicus in shallow coastal and bay habitats of San Diego County,California[J].Fishery Bulletin,1991,89:195-207
[36]Yamashita Y,Nagahora S,Yamada H,et al.Effects of release size on survival and growth of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in coastal waters off Iwate Prefecture,northeastern Japan[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1994,105:269-276
[37]Heidinger R C.Stocking for sport fisheries enhancement[A].In:Kohler C C,Hubert W A,(Eds.),Inland fisheries management in North America,2nd edition[C].American Fisheries Society,Bethesda,Maryland.1999,375-401