长江中游湖泊不同鱼类养殖方式对浮游植物群落的影响（英文）
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摘要
为研究水产养殖对湖泊生态系统的影响,于2015年7月至9月对长江中游23个湖泊的浮游植物群落及生物多样性情况进行了调查,所研究的湖泊包括以下4组:水库组(A组)、禁养组(B组)、低密度养殖组(C组)、高密度养殖组(D组)。结果显示, 4组湖泊的优势类群间存在一定差异。A组优势种有假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena,Y=0.642, Y为优势度)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya, Y=0.064), B组优势种有平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.428)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya, Y=0.118)、假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena, Y=0.133)、栅藻(Scenedesmus, Y=0.066), C组优势种为假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaen, Y=0.395)、平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.097)、浮鞘丝藻(Planktolyngbya,Y=0.122), D组的优势种为平裂藻(Merismopedia, Y=0.308)、微囊藻(Microcystis, Y=0.118)、假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena, Y=0.077)。A组浮游植物丰度显著低于B组、C组及D组(P<0.05)。各组间浮游植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数均不存在明显差异。研究表明鱼类养殖对湖泊浮游植物的丰度及优势类群会产生影响,对湖泊生态系统的管理具有一定的参考意义。
There is limited information available on effects of aquaculture on lake ecosystems. Community structure and biodiversity of phytoplankton were investigated from July to September, 2015 in 23 lakes in the middle reach of the Yangtze River Basin, which include four groups: reservoir group(A), aquaculture ban group(B), low stocking aquaculture group(C) and high stocking aquaculture group(D). The analysis showed that dominant genera of the four groups were different. Group A was dominated by Pseudanabaena(Y=0.642) and Planktolyngbya(Y=0.064). Group B was dominated by Merismopedia(Y=0.428), Planktolyngbya(Y=0.118), Pseudanabaena(Y=0.133), and Scenedesmus(Y=0.066). Group C was dominated by Pseudanabaena(Y=0.395), Merismopedia(Y=0.097), and Planktolyngbya(Y=0.122). Group D was dominated by Merismopedia(Y=0.308), Microcystis(Y=0.118), and Pseudanabaena(Y=0.077). The phytoplankton abundance in group A was significantly lower than those in other lake groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index and Pielou index of phytoplankton among the four lake groups. The study indicated that fish culture could affect the abundance and dominant genera of phytoplankton, which may provide some implications for lake ecosystem management.
There is limited information available on effects of aquaculture on lake ecosystems. Community structure and biodiversity of phytoplankton were investigated from July to September, 2015 in 23 lakes in the middle reach of the Yangtze River Basin, which include four groups: reservoir group(A), aquaculture ban group(B), low stocking aquaculture group(C) and high stocking aquaculture group(D). The analysis showed that dominant genera of the four groups were different. Group A was dominated by Pseudanabaena(Y=0.642) and Planktolyngbya(Y=0.064). Group B was dominated by Merismopedia(Y=0.428), Planktolyngbya(Y=0.118), Pseudanabaena(Y=0.133), and Scenedesmus(Y=0.066). Group C was dominated by Pseudanabaena(Y=0.395), Merismopedia(Y=0.097), and Planktolyngbya(Y=0.122). Group D was dominated by Merismopedia(Y=0.308), Microcystis(Y=0.118), and Pseudanabaena(Y=0.077). The phytoplankton abundance in group A was significantly lower than those in other lake groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index and Pielou index of phytoplankton among the four lake groups. The study indicated that fish culture could affect the abundance and dominant genera of phytoplankton, which may provide some implications for lake ecosystem management.
引文
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[2]Finegold C.The importance of fisheries and aquaculture to development[A].In:Wramner P,Cullberg M,Ackefors H(Eds.),Fisheries,sustainability and development[C].The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Stockholm,Sweden.2009
[3]Thilsted S H,Thome-Lyman A,Webb P,et al.Sustaining healthy diets:The role of capture fisheries and aquaculture for improving nutrition in the post-2015 era[J].Food Policy,2016,61:126-131
[4]Naylor R L,Goldburg R J,Primavera J H,et al.Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies[J].Nature,2000,405(6790):1017-1024
[5]Primavera J H.Overcoming the impacts of aquaculture on the coastal zone[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2006,49(9-10):531-545
[6]Naylor R L,Williams S L,Strong D R.Aquaculture-a gateway for exotic species[J].Science,2001,294(5547):1655-1656
[7]Gozlan R E,Britton J R,Cowx I,et al.Current knowledge on non-native freshwater fish introductions[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2010,76(4):751-786
[8]Herbeck L S,Unger D,Wu Y,et al.Effluent,nutrient and organic matter export from shrimp and fish ponds causing eutrophication in coastal and back-reef waters of NE Hainan,tropical China[J].Continental Shelf Research,2013,57(1):92-104
[9]Xie B,Qin J,Yang H,et al.Organic aquaculture in China:A review from a global perspective[J].Aquaculture,2013,s414-415(11):243-253
[10]Xu X Y,Zhou L Z,Zhu W Z,et al.Community structure of macrozoobenthos in Caizi Lake,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(4):943-953(in Chinese)
[11]Liu J S,Cui Y B,Liu J K.Advances in studies on the effect of cage culture on the environment[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1997,21(2):174-184(in Chinese)
[12]Sun Y P.Effects of nutrient enrichment,filter-feeding fish and zooplankton on phytoplankton community[D].Thesis for Doctor of Science.Jinan University,Guangzhou,2010(in Chinese)
[13]Yu Q,Wang J Q,Liu Y Q,et al.Effects of intensive Rhodeus sinensis culture on both nutrient salts and phytoplankton of water body[J].Acta Agriculture Shanghai,2014,30(4):52-563(in Chinese)
[14]Sun J,Liu D Y.The application of diversity indices in marine phytoplankton studies[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2004,26(1):62-75(in Chinese)
[15]Zhang T,Song L R.Allelopathic effect between Microcystis aeruginosa and three filamentous cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Lake Science,2006,18(2):150-156(in Chinese)
[16]Li D H,Li G B,Wang G H,et al.Effect of water bloomforming cyanobacterial bio-substances on the growth of submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum orzetorum Kom[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2007,31(5):689-692(in Chinese)
[17]Zhang T,Li L,Song L R.Annual dynamics of phytoplankton abundance and community structure in Xionghe reservoir[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(6):2971-2979(in Chinese)
[18]Padisak J,Borics G,Grigorszky I,et al.Use of Phytoplankton Assemblages for Monitoring Ecological Status of Lakes within the Water Framework Directive:The Assemblage Index[J].Hydrobiologia,2006,553(1):1-14
[19]Shi X D,Ruan X H,Xing Y N,et al.Canonical correspondence analysis between phytoplankton community and environmental factors in winter and summer in shallow lakes of plain river network areas,Suzhou[J].Environmental Science,2008,(11):2999-3008(in Chinese)
[20]Su Y,Wen H,Wang D W,et al.Analysis on the key water quality factors to phytoplankton community in Wujinggang region of Taihu lake[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):1945-1951(in Chinese)
[21]Skejic S,Marasovic I,Vidjak O,et al.Effects of cage fish farming on phytoplankton community structure,biomass and primary production in an aquaculture area in the middle Adriatic Sea[J].Aquaculture Research,2011,42(9):1393-1405
[22]Bartozek E C,Bueno N C,Rodrigues L C.Influence of fish farming in net cages on phytoplankton structure:a case study in a subtropical Brazilian reservoir[J].Brazilian Journal of Biology,2014,74(1):145-155
[23]Guo Y J,Luo Z L,Zhu C B,et al.Influence of aquaculture on characteristics of phytoplankton community in Liusha bay[J].South China Fisheries Science,2015,11(2):57-65(in Chinese)
[24]Zhang L,Li Z J,Chen F Y,et al.Impact of oyster aquaculture on phytoplankton population structure in Dapeng cove[J].Oceanologia et Limnology Sinica,2015,46(3):549-555(in Chinese)
[25]Mercurio A L,Querijero B L,Ching J A.Phytoplankton community in aquaculture and non-aquaculture sites of Taal Lake,Batangas,Philippines[J].Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences,2016,4(1):66-73
[26]Gu X H.Preliminary analysis on the community structure of the plankton in diffrent types of fish ponds[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,1994,6(3):276-282(in Chinese)
[27]Zhu S B,Wang Y,Wang X D,et al.Plankton community and primary productivity in waters for culturing freshwater pearl mussel(Hyriopsis cumingii)under different stockings and management models[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(3):401-407(in Chinese)
[28]Wu M,Huang S L,Du S L,et al.Experimental research on alage with fish culturing in the Panjiakou reservior by the use of enclosures[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010.19(8):1906-1911(in Chinese)
[29]Zang C J,Huang S L,Wu M,et al.Effect of fish stockingwith bait on phytoplankotn and water quality in Panjiakou reservior enclosures[J].Acta Science Circumstantiae,2011,31(3):525-532(in Chinese)
[30]Wu X G,Su Y P,Chen X B,et al.Study on algal community structure in different aquaculture ponds[J].Journal of Jiangsu Agriculture Science,2015,43(1):227-230(in Chinese)
[31]Zhao Y,Liu J,Gao W M.Influence of scallop culture on the marine phytoplankton[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2012,40(10):5966-5968(in Chinese)
[32]Dochin K T,Stoyneva M P.Effect of long-term cage fishfarming on the phytoplankton biodiversity in two large Bulgarian reservoirs[J].Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichmedizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck,2014,99:49-96
[33]FDMA(Fisheries Department of Ministry of Agriculture).China Fisheries Year Book 2016[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.2016,42
[34]Zhang Z S,Huang X F.Research method of freshwater plankton[M].Beijing:Science Press.1991,333-339(in Chinese)
[35]Hu Z Y.Chlorococcal algae from Hubei,China[D].Thesis for Doctor of Science.Institute of Hydrobiology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan.1991,1-146(in Chinese)
[36]Hu H J,Wei Y X.The Freshwater Algae of China:Systematics,Taxonomy and Ecology[M].Beijing:Science Press.2006,1-950(in Chinese)
[37]Hu H J.The Biology of Water-blooms Blue-green Algae[M].Beijing:Science Press.2011,1-275(in Chinese)
[38]Zhou F X,Chen J H.Images of Freshwater Microbiology and Macrobenthos.2nd edition[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press.2011,1-409(in Chinese)
[39]Zhu M L.Polyphasic studies on the taxonomy of filamentous cyanobacteria Pseudanabaena and Limnothrix and their ecological application[D].Thesis for Doctor of Science.Institute of Hydrobiology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan.2012(in Chinese)
[40]Arzul,Genevieve,Clement,et al.Effects on phytoplankton growth of dissolved substances produced by fish farming[J].Aquatic Living Resources,1996,9(2):95-102
[41]Xie D H,Han Q,Tang W H.Recent advances in the application research on ecological environmental effects of marine aquaculture[J].Jiangsu Environmental Science and Technology,2005,18(S1):10-12(in Chinese)
[42]Demir N,Kirkagac M U,Pulatsu S,et al.Influence of trout cage culture on water quality,plankton and benthos in an Anatolian dam lake[J].The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture—Bamidgeh,2001,53(3-4):115-127
[43]He S S.Impact of cage culture on plankton in Zhoucun reservoir[J].Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science,2009,37(17):8033-8036(in Chinese)
[44]Ye Y T,Du S M,Luo L,et al.Feed loss of aquaculture and cause analysis[J].China Feed,2002,(14):17-18(in Chinese)
[45]Zhou B X.The comparative study on use of bio-fertilizer and fertilizer in aquaculture in the small reservoirs[D].Thesis for Master of Science.Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan.2007(in Chinese)
[46]Wang R,Zhang Y,Xia W,et al.Effects of aquaculture on lakes in the central Yangtze River Basin,China:Ⅰ.waterquality[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2018
[47]Reynolds C S.The Ecology of Phytoplankton[M].New York:Cambridge University Press.2006,38-92
[48]Pridmore R D,Vant W N,Rutherford J C.Chlorophyll-nutrient relationships in North Island lakes(New Zealand)[J].Hydrobiologia,1985,121(2):181-189
[49]Hrbacek J,Desortova B,Popovsky J,Influence of the fish stock on the phosphorus-chlorophyll ratio[J].Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie,1978,20:1624-1628
[50]Jagtman E,Hosper S H,Meijer M L,et al.The role of fish stock management in eutrophication control in shallow lakes in the Netherlands[J].Fisheries Management in European Inland Waters W,1990,4(6):328-344
[51]S(?)ndergaard M,Jeppesen E,Mortensen E,et al.Phytoplankton biomass reduction after planktivorous fish reduction in a shallow,eutrophic lake:a combined effect of reduced internal P-loading and increased zooplankton grazing[J].Hydrobiologia,1990,200/201:229-240
[52]Dokulil M T,Teubner K.Cyanobacterial dominance in lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,2000,438(1-3):1-12
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