浅水湖泊鱼类群落结构评估:复合网目刺网与网簖的比较（英文）
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摘要
准确评估鱼类群落结构是渔业管理和鱼类资源养护的必要前提,而不同渔具采样结果往往会产生较大差异。研究同时采用欧洲标准采样网具-复合网目刺网(Multi-mesh gillnet)和中国传统网具-网簖对长江中游典型浅水湖泊扁担塘的鱼类群落结构进行了评估。2种网具共采集到27种鱼类,并发现黄尾鲴(Xenocypris daviai)和湖鲚(Coilia nasus taihuensis)2种新记录种,扁担塘的鱼类群落结构较1999年和2003年均发生了较明显的改变。2种渔具捕获的鱼类组成、相对丰度和生物量以及鱼类体长分布频率均存在显著性差异。基于鱼类的相对生物量和相对丰度的NMDS排序表明2种网具捕获到的鱼类群落结构也存在显著差异。另外还比较了复合网目刺网与其他定量采样网具间的差异,作者认为复合网目刺网比较适合长江中下游浅水湖泊鱼类群落研究的定量取样,但仅凭单一网具评估鱼类群落结构具有局限性。
To assess possible bias of different fishing methods is essential to appropriate fisheries management. In the current study, fish assemblage structure of a shallow Yangtze River lake was assessed by combining one international standard sampling gear(multi-mesh gillnet), and one traditional Chinese gear(the dense-mesh weir). Using Lake Biandantang as a case study, a total of 27 fish species were collected from the two gears combined, including 2 new species that had not been recorded previously in this lake. Results suggested that fish assemblages had changed greatly compared to a previous study conducted in the 1990 s. Specifically, differences were found in species composition, abundance, biomass, and length distributions collected from the two gears. Difference in total length(TL) distributions of fishes caught was the most conspicuous change. Fishes collected from the weir ranged from 40—70 mm TL, whereas fishes collected from gillnets ranged from 90—140 mm TL. Multivariate ordinations based on relative abundance and biomass data also indicated fish assemblage structural differences between the two gears. The comparative results showed that the multi-mesh gillnet was effective at assessing fish assemblages in shallow lakes, such as those found along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Additionally, assessments using only one gear could have some limitations with respect to interpreting fish assemblage changes over time.
To assess possible bias of different fishing methods is essential to appropriate fisheries management. In the current study, fish assemblage structure of a shallow Yangtze River lake was assessed by combining one international standard sampling gear(multi-mesh gillnet), and one traditional Chinese gear(the dense-mesh weir). Using Lake Biandantang as a case study, a total of 27 fish species were collected from the two gears combined, including 2 new species that had not been recorded previously in this lake. Results suggested that fish assemblages had changed greatly compared to a previous study conducted in the 1990 s. Specifically, differences were found in species composition, abundance, biomass, and length distributions collected from the two gears. Difference in total length(TL) distributions of fishes caught was the most conspicuous change. Fishes collected from the weir ranged from 40—70 mm TL, whereas fishes collected from gillnets ranged from 90—140 mm TL. Multivariate ordinations based on relative abundance and biomass data also indicated fish assemblage structural differences between the two gears. The comparative results showed that the multi-mesh gillnet was effective at assessing fish assemblages in shallow lakes, such as those found along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Additionally, assessments using only one gear could have some limitations with respect to interpreting fish assemblage changes over time.
引文
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[25]Li W,Zhang T L,Li Z J.Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake,a shallow lake along the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2010,28(3):470-477
[26]Prchalova M,Kubecka J,Riha M,et al.Size selectivity of standardized multimesh gillnets in sampling coarse European species[J].Fisheries Research,2009,96(1):51-57
[27]Sun M C.Selectivity of Fishing Gears and Methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.2004,57-78(in Chinese)
[28]Liang Z L,Ge C Y,Liu Y G.Review of study on gear selectivity abroad[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2001,31(6):835-841(in Chinese)
[29]Zhang T.Study on the biology,biomass and production of Pseudorasbora parva in Baoan Lake[D].Wuhan:Chinese Academy of Sciences.1997(in Chinese)
[30]Feng G P.A review on the fish community diversity:theories and methods[J].Ecological Science,2008,27(6):506-514(in Chinese)
[31]Xie S G.Spatial and trophic patterns of small fish communities in the Biandantang Lake and the Liangzi Lake[D].Wuhan:Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.1999(in Chinese)
[32]Xie S G,Li Z J,Cui Y B.Studies on small fish densities with block net and mark capture method in macrophytic lake[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2003,27(1):98-99(in Chinese)
[2]Gassner H,Tischler G,Wanzenbock J.Ecological integrity assessment of lakes using fish communities-Suggestions of new metrics developed in two Austrian prealpine lakes[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,2003,88(6):635-652
[3]Drake M T,Valley R D,Validation and application of a fishbased index of biotic integrity for small central Minnesota lakes[J].North American Journal of Fish Management,2005,25(3):1095-1111
[4]Garcia X F,Diekmann M,Bramick U,et al.Correlations between type-indicator fish species and lake productivity in German lowland lakes[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2006,68(4):1144-1157
[5]Cowx IG(Eds.),Fishing News Books[M].Blackwell Science,Oxford,1996,165-324
[6]Murphy B R,Willis D W(Eds.),Fisheries Techniques(Second Edition)[M].American Fisheries Society,Bethesda,Maryland.1996,287-468
[7]Cowx I G,Nunn A D,Harvey J P.Quantitative sampling of0-group fish populations in large lowland rivers:point abundance sampling by electric fishing versus micromesh seine netting[J].Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie,2001,151(3):369-382
[8]Olin M,Malinen T.Comparison of gillnet and trawl in diurnal fish community sampling[J].Hydrobiologia,2003,506-509(1-3):443-449
[9]Goffaux D,Grenouillett G,Kestemont P.Electric fishing versus gillnet sampling for the assessment of fish assemblages in large rivers[J].Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie,2005,162:73-90
[10]Appelberg M.,Berger H M,Hesthagen T,et al.Development and inter-calibration of methods in Nordic freshwater monitoring[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,1995,85(2):401-406
[11]Eros T,Specziar A,Biro P.Assessing fish assemblages in reed habitats of a large shallow lake-A comparison between gillnetting and electric fishing[A].Conference on Fish Stock Assessment Methods for Lakes and Reservoirs-Toward the True Picture of Fish Stock.Sep 2007,Ceske Budejovice,Czech Republic[C].Fish Research,2009,96(1):70-76
[12]Tapio S,Martti R,Teppo V,et al.Comparison of electrofishing and Nordic gillnets for sampling littoral fish in boreallakes[J].Lakes&Reservoirs:Research and Management,2008,13(3):215-220
[13]Olina M,Malinena T,Ruuhijarvi J.Gillnet catch in estimating the density and structure of fish community-Comparison of gillnet and trawl samples in a eutrophic lake[J].Fisheries Research,2009,96(1):88-94
[14]Guo LG.Studies on fisheries ecology in a large eutrophic shallow lake,Lake Chaohu[D].Doctoral Dissertation.Institute of Hydrobiology,the Chinese Academy of Science,Wuhan.2005(in Chinese)
[15]Ye S W.Studies on fish communities and trophic network model of shallow lakes along the middle reach of the Yangtze River[D].Doctoral Dissertation.Institute of Hydrobiology,the Chinese Academy of Science,Wuhan.2007(in Chinese)
[16]Zhang T L.Life-history strategies,trophic patterns and community structure in the fishes of Lake Biandantang[D].Doctoral Dissertation,Institute of Hydrobiology,the Chinese Academy of Science,Wuhan.2005(in Chinese)
[17]Zhang T L,Li Z J.Fish resources and fishery utilization of Lake Poyang[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2007,19(4):434-444(in Chinese)
[18]Hu M L,Wu Z Q,Liu Y L.Fish diversity and community structure in Hukou area of Lake Poyang[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(2):246-250(in Chinese)
[19]Zhang M Y,Xu D P,Liu K,et al.Ichthyologic surb vey and primary studies on diversity of fishery species in Anqing section of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2006,18(6):670-676(in Chinese)
[20]Guan Z H.Morphological parameters of Baoan Lake and the significance on limnology.In:Resources,Environment and Fishery Ecological Management of Macrophytic Lakes[M].Beijing:Science Press.1995,228-236(in Chinese)
[21]Xie S G,Cui Y B,Fang R L,et al.Abundance and distribution patterns of small fishes in Biandantang Lake[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1996,20(Suppl):178-185(in Chinese)
[22]Zhang T,Fang R,Cui Y.Comparisons of fish community diversity in five lake areas under different levels of fishery development[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,1996,20(Suppl):192-199(in Chinese)
[23]Ye S W,Li Z J,Cao W X.Species composition,diversity and density of small fishes in two different habitats in Niushan Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(7):1589-1595(in Chinese)
[24]Xie S G,Cui Y B.The spatial pattern of the small fish community in the Biandantang Lake-a small shallow lake along the middle reach of the Yangtze River,China[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,2000,57(2):179-190
[25]Li W,Zhang T L,Li Z J.Spatial distribution and abundance of small fishes in Xiaosihai Lake,a shallow lake along the Changjiang(Yangtze)River,China[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2010,28(3):470-477
[26]Prchalova M,Kubecka J,Riha M,et al.Size selectivity of standardized multimesh gillnets in sampling coarse European species[J].Fisheries Research,2009,96(1):51-57
[27]Sun M C.Selectivity of Fishing Gears and Methods[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.2004,57-78(in Chinese)
[28]Liang Z L,Ge C Y,Liu Y G.Review of study on gear selectivity abroad[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2001,31(6):835-841(in Chinese)
[29]Zhang T.Study on the biology,biomass and production of Pseudorasbora parva in Baoan Lake[D].Wuhan:Chinese Academy of Sciences.1997(in Chinese)
[30]Feng G P.A review on the fish community diversity:theories and methods[J].Ecological Science,2008,27(6):506-514(in Chinese)
[31]Xie S G.Spatial and trophic patterns of small fish communities in the Biandantang Lake and the Liangzi Lake[D].Wuhan:Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.1999(in Chinese)
[32]Xie S G,Li Z J,Cui Y B.Studies on small fish densities with block net and mark capture method in macrophytic lake[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2003,27(1):98-99(in Chinese)