深水钻井抗高温强抑制水基钻井液研制与应用
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摘要
深水钻井时存在复杂地层井眼失稳、大温差下钻井液流变性调控困难等技术难题,需要研发适用于深水钻井的抗高温强抑制性水基钻井液。以丙烯酰胺、烷基季铵盐和2–丙烯酰胺基–2–甲基丙磺酸为单体,采用水溶液聚合法合成了深水钻井用低相对分子质量的聚合物包被抑制剂Cap;以Cap为主要处理剂,并优选其他处理剂,构建了深水抗高温强抑制水基钻井液。室内性能评价表明,低相对分子质量的聚合物包被抑制剂Cap对钻井液流变性的影响较小,包被抑制作用强;深水抗高温强抑制水基钻井液低温流变性良好,可抗160℃高温,高温高压滤失量小于9 mL,三次岩屑滚动回收率大于70%,抑制性强,可分别抗25.0%NaCl、0.5%CaCl_2和8.0%劣土污染。该钻井液在南海4口深水油气井钻井中进行了现场试验,取得了良好的应用效果,解决了低温增稠及井眼失稳等技术难题,具有现场推广应用价值。
Some technical challenges are often encountered in deepwater drilling such as borehole instability through complex formations and the rheological regulation of drilling fluids under conditions of large temperature differences. Thus it is necessary to develop high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive water-based drilling fluids for deepwater drilling. Taking acrylamide, alkyl quaternary ammonium salt and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as the monomers, a low relative molecular mass polymer encapsulating agent for deepwater drilling was synthesized through aqueous solution polymerization. Then, taking this agent as the main treatment agent, and other treatment agents, a deepwater high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive water-based drilling fluid was prepared.The results of laboratory evaluation demonstrated that the low relative molecular mass polymer encapsulating agent has little effect on the rheology of drilling fluid and in fact exhibits strong encapsulating ability. It presents a good low temperature rheology and high temperature resistance at 160 ℃. Its filtration loss at high temperature and high pressure is within 9 mL, the triple-rolling cuttings recovery rate is over 70%, and the encapsulating ability is strong enough to resist fouling of 25.0% NaCl, 0.5% CaCl_2 and 8.0% poor clay, respectively. This drilling fluid has been tested in deepwater drilling in the South China Sea, and achieved good on-site application effects, which solved the technical problems such as low temperature thickening and borehole instability, and also the potential for the promotion of future applications.
Some technical challenges are often encountered in deepwater drilling such as borehole instability through complex formations and the rheological regulation of drilling fluids under conditions of large temperature differences. Thus it is necessary to develop high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive water-based drilling fluids for deepwater drilling. Taking acrylamide, alkyl quaternary ammonium salt and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as the monomers, a low relative molecular mass polymer encapsulating agent for deepwater drilling was synthesized through aqueous solution polymerization. Then, taking this agent as the main treatment agent, and other treatment agents, a deepwater high temperature resistant and strong inhibitive water-based drilling fluid was prepared.The results of laboratory evaluation demonstrated that the low relative molecular mass polymer encapsulating agent has little effect on the rheology of drilling fluid and in fact exhibits strong encapsulating ability. It presents a good low temperature rheology and high temperature resistance at 160 ℃. Its filtration loss at high temperature and high pressure is within 9 mL, the triple-rolling cuttings recovery rate is over 70%, and the encapsulating ability is strong enough to resist fouling of 25.0% NaCl, 0.5% CaCl_2 and 8.0% poor clay, respectively. This drilling fluid has been tested in deepwater drilling in the South China Sea, and achieved good on-site application effects, which solved the technical problems such as low temperature thickening and borehole instability, and also the potential for the promotion of future applications.
引文
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[18]王培义,马鹏鹏,张贤印,等.中低温地热井钻井完井工艺技术研究与实践[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(4):27-32.WANG Peiyi,MA Pengpeng,ZHANG Xianyin,et al.Drilling and completion technologies for of geothermal wells with medium and low temperatures[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(4):27-32.
[19]徐加放,丁廷稷,张瑞,等.水基钻井液低温流变性调控用温敏聚合物研制及性能评价[J].石油学报,2018,39(5):597-603.XU Jiafang,DING Tingji,ZHANG Rui,et al.Development and performance evaluation of thermo-sensitive polymer for lowtemperature rheology control of water-based drilling fluid[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(5):597-603.
[20]LU Y H,CHEN Mingqing,JIN Yuanlin,et al.The Development and application of an environmentally friendly encapsulator EBA-20[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2012,30(21):2227-2235.
[21]ZHONG Hanyi,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Weian,et al.Successful application of unique polyamine high performance waterbased drilling fluid in Bohai Bay shale formations[R].IPTC-16721-MS,2013.
[22]李怀科,罗健生,李自立,等.深水用低分子量包被剂PF-UCAP的合成及性能评价[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(9):91-93.LI Huaike,LUO Jiansheng,LI Zili,et al.Research and evacuation of a low molecular encapsulator PF-UCAP for deep-water[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2013,32(9):91-93.
[23]钟汉毅.聚胺强抑制剂研制及其作用机理研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012.ZHONG Hanyi.Development and mechanism study on high performance polyamine inhibitor in water-based drilling fluid[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2012.
[2]胡文,程玉生,李怀科,等.深水高温高压井钻井液技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2017,34(1):70-76.HU Wenjun,CHENG Yusheng,LI Huaike,et al.Drilling fluid technology for deepwater HTHP well[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2017,34(1):70-76.
[3]罗健生,李自立,罗曼.深水钻井液国内外发展现状[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(3):1-7.LUO Jiansheng,LI Zili,LUO Man,et al.Status quo of the development of deep water drilling fluids worldwide[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(3):1-7.
[4]邱正松,赵欣.深水钻井液技术现状与发展趋势[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(3):1-7.QIU Zhengsong,ZHAO Xin.Current status and developing trend of deepwater drilling fluid technology[J].Special Oil&Gas Reserviors,2013,20(3):1-7.
[5]ZHAO Xin,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Weian,et al.Mechanism and method for controlling low-temperature rheology of water-based drilling fluids in deepwater drilling[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2017,154:405-416.
[6]刘和兴,方满宗,刘智勤,等.南海西部陵水区块超深水井喷射下导管技术[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(1):10-16.LIU Hexing,FANG Manzong,LIU Zhiqin,et al.Jetting-based conductor running technology used in ultra-deep water well of Lingshui Block in the Western South China Sea[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(1):10-16.
[7]路保平,李国华.西非深水钻井完井关键技术[J].石油钻探技术,2013,41(3):1-6.LU Baoping,LI Guohua.Key technologies for deepwater drilling&completion in West Africa[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2013,41(3):1-6.
[8]孙宝江,张振楠.南海深水钻井完井主要挑战与对策[J].石油钻探技术,2015,43(4):1-7.SUN Baojiang,ZHANG Zhennan.Challenges and countermeasures for the drilling and completion of deepwater wells in the South China Sea[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2015,43(4):1-7.
[9]许定江,练章华,张强,等.深水钻完井工程设计要点分析[J].断块油气田,2017,24(1):131-136.XU Dingjiang,LIAN Zhanghua,ZHANG Qiang,et al.Key points of drilling and completion design for deepwater well[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2017,24(1):131-136.
[10]田荣剑,罗健生,李自立,等.环保型深水水基钻井液体系的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2010,10(32):7910-7914.TIAN Rongjian,LUO Jiansheng,LI Zili,et al.Study of the environmental-protecting water based mud in application to deep water drilling[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2010,10(32):7910-7914.
[11]OYEDOH E,ODUMUGBO C,EBEWELE E O.Suitability of Nigerian Bentonite in drilling fluid formulation[J].International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa,2016,24:26-34.
[12]MENG Shuai,SONG Shidi,CHE Chidong,et al.Internal flow effect on the parametric instability of deepwater drilling risers[J].Ocean Engineering,2018,149:305-312.
[13]WANG Xiaohui,GUAN Zhichuan,XU Yuqiang,et al.Signal analysis of acoustic gas influx detection method at the bottom of marine riser in deepwater drilling[J].Journal of Process Control,2018,66:23-38.
[14]赵欣,邱正松,张永君,等.复合盐层井壁失稳机理及防塌钻井液技术[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(11):3832-3838.ZHAO Xin,QIU Zhengsong,ZHANG Yongjun,et al.Wellbore instability mechanism and wellbore stabilizing drilling fluid technique for drilling compound salt formation[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2016,47(11):3832-3838.
[15]钟汉毅,邱正松,黄维安,等.聚胺高性能水基钻井液特性评价及应用[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(10):2803-2807.ZHONG Hanyi,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Weian,et al.Properties evaluation and application of polyamine high performance waterbased drilling fluid[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2013,13(10):2803-2807.
[16]李怀科,张伟,马跃.深水窄密度窗口钻井液技术改进及现场应用[J].油田化学,2018,35(2):209-213.LI Huaike,ZHANG Wei,MA Yue.Technology improvement and field application of deep water drilling fluid for narrow drilling window[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2018,35(2):209-213.
[17]高涵,许林,许明标,等.深水水基恒流变钻井液流变特性研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(3):60-67.GAO Han,XU Lin,XU Mingbiao,et al.Study on rheology of consistent rheology water base drilling fluid for deep water drilling[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(3):60-67.
[18]王培义,马鹏鹏,张贤印,等.中低温地热井钻井完井工艺技术研究与实践[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(4):27-32.WANG Peiyi,MA Pengpeng,ZHANG Xianyin,et al.Drilling and completion technologies for of geothermal wells with medium and low temperatures[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(4):27-32.
[19]徐加放,丁廷稷,张瑞,等.水基钻井液低温流变性调控用温敏聚合物研制及性能评价[J].石油学报,2018,39(5):597-603.XU Jiafang,DING Tingji,ZHANG Rui,et al.Development and performance evaluation of thermo-sensitive polymer for lowtemperature rheology control of water-based drilling fluid[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(5):597-603.
[20]LU Y H,CHEN Mingqing,JIN Yuanlin,et al.The Development and application of an environmentally friendly encapsulator EBA-20[J].Petroleum Science and Technology,2012,30(21):2227-2235.
[21]ZHONG Hanyi,QIU Zhengsong,HUANG Weian,et al.Successful application of unique polyamine high performance waterbased drilling fluid in Bohai Bay shale formations[R].IPTC-16721-MS,2013.
[22]李怀科,罗健生,李自立,等.深水用低分子量包被剂PF-UCAP的合成及性能评价[J].石油化工应用,2013,32(9):91-93.LI Huaike,LUO Jiansheng,LI Zili,et al.Research and evacuation of a low molecular encapsulator PF-UCAP for deep-water[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2013,32(9):91-93.
[23]钟汉毅.聚胺强抑制剂研制及其作用机理研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2012.ZHONG Hanyi.Development and mechanism study on high performance polyamine inhibitor in water-based drilling fluid[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2012.