玄参、川明参枯落物水浸液对烤烟的化感效应
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摘要
为探讨玄参、川明参茎叶枯落物对烟草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用,选择烟草K126为研究对象,研究质量浓度为0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10 mg/L的玄参、川明参茎叶枯落物水浸液处理下烟草种子的发芽率和发芽特性,以及烟草幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和抗氧化酶系统活性.结果表明,玄参水浸液低质量浓度(0.01～0.05 mg/L)处理下,种子萌发率、萌发指数显著升高,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛(MDA)与对照相比差异无统计学意义, 3种抗氧化酶SOD,CAT,POD活性升高,而高质量浓度(0.10 mg/L)下, MDA累积,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素质量分数显著降低,表现出对烟草"低促高抑"的化感效应;川明参在所有水浸液质量浓度(0.01～0.10 mg/L)下,种子萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素质量分数升高, 3种抗氧化酶SOD,CAT,POD活性和MDA有一定降低,表现出对烟草化感正效应.
Allelopathic effect is one of the most important reasons resulting in continuous cropping obstacle. There have been relatively few studies on allelopathy between tobacco and the Chinese herbal medicinal plants Scrophularia ningpoensis and Chuanminshen violaceum. In order to investigate the allelopathic effect existing in the process of intercropping tobacco and Chinese herbal medicinal plants, this study selected the flue-cured tobacco cultivar K126 as the research object. The aqueous extract of 1-year-old leaf-stem litter of S. ningpoensis and C. violaceum(LES and LEC) at a concentration of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 or 0.10 mg/L was used to treat the tobacco plants. The results showed that compared with the untreated control, LES at lower concentrations(0.01-0.05 mg/L) significantly raised the germination percentage of K126 and enhanced its SOD, CAT and POD activities, while no significant differences were observed in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and MDA. In contrast, LES at the highest concentration(0.10 mg/L) significantly decreased the contents of MDA, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids of the tobacco plants. LEC of all concentrations exerted a positive allelopathic effect on these parameters.
Allelopathic effect is one of the most important reasons resulting in continuous cropping obstacle. There have been relatively few studies on allelopathy between tobacco and the Chinese herbal medicinal plants Scrophularia ningpoensis and Chuanminshen violaceum. In order to investigate the allelopathic effect existing in the process of intercropping tobacco and Chinese herbal medicinal plants, this study selected the flue-cured tobacco cultivar K126 as the research object. The aqueous extract of 1-year-old leaf-stem litter of S. ningpoensis and C. violaceum(LES and LEC) at a concentration of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 or 0.10 mg/L was used to treat the tobacco plants. The results showed that compared with the untreated control, LES at lower concentrations(0.01-0.05 mg/L) significantly raised the germination percentage of K126 and enhanced its SOD, CAT and POD activities, while no significant differences were observed in the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and MDA. In contrast, LES at the highest concentration(0.10 mg/L) significantly decreased the contents of MDA, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids of the tobacco plants. LEC of all concentrations exerted a positive allelopathic effect on these parameters.
引文
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[18] 张雪,陈大霞,李隆云,等.西南中山地区玄参生长发育规律的研究 [J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(20):3915-3921.
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[20] 王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术 [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[21] 周洁,边丽华,邹琳,等.植物源烟水和干馏液对栝楼种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 [J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(20):3958-3962.
[22] 王飞,杜康兮,张俊,等.空心莲子草浸提液对烟草种子萌发的化感作用研究 [J].种子,2012,31(4):49-51,61.
[23] 喻会平,龙友华,安启菲,等.生物菌剂对烤烟种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 [J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(3):47-52.
[24] DAI Z C,WANG X Y,QI S S,et al.Effects of Leaf Litter on Inter-Specific Competitive Ability of the Invasive Plant Wedelia Trilobata [J].Ecological Research,2016,31(3):367-374.
[25] 赵新梅,王军,莫静静,等.三种作物茎叶枯落物水浸液对烟草幼苗生长的化感效应 [J].草业学报,2016,25(9):37-45.
[26] DING H Y,CHENG Z H,LIU M L,et al.Garlic Exerts Allelopathic Effects on Pepper Physiology in a Hydroponic Co-Culture System [J].Biology Open,2016 ,5(5):631-637.
[27] 李磊,李向义,林丽莎,等.两种生境条件下6种牧草叶绿素含量及荧光参数的比较 [J].植物生态学报,2011,35(6):672-680.
[28] 王建华,任士福,史宝胜,等.遮荫对连翘光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响 [J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1811-1817.
[29] 陈锋,孟永杰,帅海威,等.植物化感物质对种子萌发的影响及其生态学意义 [J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):36-46.
[30] 李倩,吴叶宽,袁玲,等.黄连须根浸提液对2种豆科植物的化感效应 [J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(6):806-811.
[2] RICE E L.Allelopathy [M].New York :Academic Press,1974:166-179.
[3] ISMAIL B S,HALIMSHAH S,JULIANA W A,YUSOFF N.Allelopathic Potential of the Leaf and Seed of Pueraria Javanica Benth on the Germination and Growth of Three Selected Weed Species [J].Sains Malaysiana.2016,45(4):517-521.
[4] 孔垂华,徐涛,胡飞,等.环境胁迫下植物的化感作用及其诱导机制 [J].生态学报,2000,20(5):849-854.
[5] 李金还,刘美茹,牛建行,等.不同处理方式对克氏针茅种子萌发及活力的影响研究 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(7):67-74.
[6] UTKHEDE R S.Soil Sickness,Replant Problem or Replant Disease and Its Integrated Control [J].Allelopathy Journal,2006,18(1):23-38.
[7] 王强,阮晓,李兆慧,等.植物自毒作用及针叶林自毒研究进展 [J].林业科学,2007,43(6):134-142.
[8] EINHELLIG F A.Interactions Involving Allelopathy in Cropping Systems [J].Agronomy Journal,1996,88(6):886-893.
[9] 张子龙,王文全.植物连作障碍的形成机制及其调控技术研究进展 [J].生物学杂志,2010,27(5):69-72.
[10] 周鑫斌,徐宸,苏婷婷,等.有机堆肥对黄壤烟田培肥效应研究 [J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):164-169.
[11] 张继光,申国明,张久权,等.烟草连作障碍研究进展 [J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(3):95-99.
[12] 张晓玲,潘振刚,周晓锋,等.自毒作用与连作障碍 [J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):781-784.
[13] 李天来,杨丽娟.作物连作障碍的克服——难解的问题 [J].中国农业科学,2016,49(5):916-918.
[14] LICHTFOUSE E,NAVARRETE M,DEBAEKE P,et al.Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture:A Review [J].Agronomy For Sustainable Development,2009,29(1):1-6.
[15] HATI K M,SWARUP A,DWIVEDI A K,et al.Changes in Soil Physical Properties and Organic Carbon Status at the Topsoil Horizon of a Vertisol of Central India After 28 Years of Continuous Cropping,Fertilization and Manuring [J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2007,119(1/2):127-134.
[16] OLOFSDOTTER M,JENSEN L B,COURTOIS B.Improving Crop Competitive Ability Using Allelopathy-an Example from Rice [J].Plant Breeding,2002,121(1):1-9.
[17] 孙跃春,林淑芳,黄璐琦,等.药用植物自毒作用及调控措施 [J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(4):387-390.
[18] 张雪,陈大霞,李隆云,等.西南中山地区玄参生长发育规律的研究 [J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(20):3915-3921.
[19] 曾庆秋.川明参连作障碍机理和防治的初步研究 [D].成都:成都中医药大学,2007.
[20] 王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术 [M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[21] 周洁,边丽华,邹琳,等.植物源烟水和干馏液对栝楼种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 [J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(20):3958-3962.
[22] 王飞,杜康兮,张俊,等.空心莲子草浸提液对烟草种子萌发的化感作用研究 [J].种子,2012,31(4):49-51,61.
[23] 喻会平,龙友华,安启菲,等.生物菌剂对烤烟种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 [J].贵州农业科学,2016,44(3):47-52.
[24] DAI Z C,WANG X Y,QI S S,et al.Effects of Leaf Litter on Inter-Specific Competitive Ability of the Invasive Plant Wedelia Trilobata [J].Ecological Research,2016,31(3):367-374.
[25] 赵新梅,王军,莫静静,等.三种作物茎叶枯落物水浸液对烟草幼苗生长的化感效应 [J].草业学报,2016,25(9):37-45.
[26] DING H Y,CHENG Z H,LIU M L,et al.Garlic Exerts Allelopathic Effects on Pepper Physiology in a Hydroponic Co-Culture System [J].Biology Open,2016 ,5(5):631-637.
[27] 李磊,李向义,林丽莎,等.两种生境条件下6种牧草叶绿素含量及荧光参数的比较 [J].植物生态学报,2011,35(6):672-680.
[28] 王建华,任士福,史宝胜,等.遮荫对连翘光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响 [J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1811-1817.
[29] 陈锋,孟永杰,帅海威,等.植物化感物质对种子萌发的影响及其生态学意义 [J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(1):36-46.
[30] 李倩,吴叶宽,袁玲,等.黄连须根浸提液对2种豆科植物的化感效应 [J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(6):806-811.