柴达木盆地西南地区基底断裂的控藏作用与有利区带
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摘要
近年来,柴达木盆地西南地区(柴西南地区)的基岩油气勘探获得了重大突破,已发现昆北等油气藏。为明确研究区基底断裂的控藏作用与成藏模式,开展了钻井岩心分析、测井分析和三维大连片地震资料解释等研究工作。结果表明:(1)柴西南地区深大断裂较为发育,并控制了基岩油气藏的分布;同沉积逆断裂Ⅺ号、Ⅷ号及阿拉尔断裂早期活动控制了三大生烃凹陷的发育;基底的深大断裂在关键成藏期均比较活跃,为油气初次运聚成藏提供了垂向运移通道;(2)深大断裂控制的古隆起区是油气运聚的长期指向区,且风化壳中裂缝和溶蚀孔十分发育,为油气聚集提供了储集空间;(3)基岩风化壳上覆泥岩盖层的封盖能力控制着油气富集程度,深大断裂的晚期活动会降低盖层对基岩油气藏的封盖能力;(4)建立了以深大断裂为核心的基岩油气成藏模式,即紧邻生烃凹陷的深大断裂-古构造背景-优质的泥岩盖层共同控制了油气的富集与成藏;(5)深大断裂上盘的扎西鼻隆、乌南鼻隆和跃进斜坡的Q3古鼻隆为下一步勘探的有利区。该研究成果对于柴达木盆地基岩油气藏勘探具有指导意义。
In recent years,great breakthroughs have been made in hydrocarbon exploration of basement rock in southwestern Qaidam Basin,and Kunbei reservoir has been found. In order to make clear the reservoir-controlling effect and accumulation model of basement faults,drilling core analysis,logging analysis and 3-D seismic datainterpretation were carried out. The results show that:(1)Deep and large faults were well developed and they controlled the development of basement reservoir. The early activities of synsedimentary reverse faults No. Ⅺ and Ⅷand Alar fault controlled the development of the three major hydrocarbon-generating sags. The deep and large faults in the basement were active during the key reservoir-forming periods,providing vertical migration channel for the initial hydrocarbon accumulation.(2)The paleo-uplift controlled by deep and large faults was an advantage area for oil and gas accumulation,and fracture and dissolved pores developed in weathering crust provided reservoir space for oil and gas accumulation.(3)Capping capacity of mudstone caprock overlying on weathering crust controlled oil and gas enrichment,and the late activity of deep and large faults may destroy the capping capacity.(4)An oil and gas accumulation model for basement reservoir with deep and large faults as the core was established,namely,deep and large faults adjacent to hydrocarbon-generating sags,paleotectonic setting and highquality mudstone caprock jointly controlled hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation.(5)Zhaxi nose-shaped uplift,Wunan nose-shaped uplift and Q3 nose-shaped paleo-uplift in Yuejin slope located on the hanging wall of deep and large faults are favorable areas for the next exploration in this area. The study results have guiding significance for basement reservoir exploration in Qaidam Basin.
In recent years,great breakthroughs have been made in hydrocarbon exploration of basement rock in southwestern Qaidam Basin,and Kunbei reservoir has been found. In order to make clear the reservoir-controlling effect and accumulation model of basement faults,drilling core analysis,logging analysis and 3-D seismic datainterpretation were carried out. The results show that:(1)Deep and large faults were well developed and they controlled the development of basement reservoir. The early activities of synsedimentary reverse faults No. Ⅺ and Ⅷand Alar fault controlled the development of the three major hydrocarbon-generating sags. The deep and large faults in the basement were active during the key reservoir-forming periods,providing vertical migration channel for the initial hydrocarbon accumulation.(2)The paleo-uplift controlled by deep and large faults was an advantage area for oil and gas accumulation,and fracture and dissolved pores developed in weathering crust provided reservoir space for oil and gas accumulation.(3)Capping capacity of mudstone caprock overlying on weathering crust controlled oil and gas enrichment,and the late activity of deep and large faults may destroy the capping capacity.(4)An oil and gas accumulation model for basement reservoir with deep and large faults as the core was established,namely,deep and large faults adjacent to hydrocarbon-generating sags,paleotectonic setting and highquality mudstone caprock jointly controlled hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation.(5)Zhaxi nose-shaped uplift,Wunan nose-shaped uplift and Q3 nose-shaped paleo-uplift in Yuejin slope located on the hanging wall of deep and large faults are favorable areas for the next exploration in this area. The study results have guiding significance for basement reservoir exploration in Qaidam Basin.
引文
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[9]陈文玲,周文.含油气盆地重要勘探领域:基岩油气藏.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(5):17-24.CHEN W L,ZHOU W. Important exploration areas in petroliferous basins:the basement hydrocarbon reservoirs. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(5):17-24.
[10]吴伟涛,高先志,刘兴周,等.基岩油气藏的形成与分布.地质科技情报,2014,33(1):107-113.WU W T,GAO X Z,LIU X Z,et al. Formation and distribution of basement rock reservoir. Geological Science and Technology Information,2014,33(1):107-113.
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[13]史玲玲,李建明,汪立群,等.柴西南地区昆北断阶带基岩油藏成藏条件分析.新疆石油地质,2012,33(4):434-435.SHI L L,LI J M,WANG L Q,et al. Conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation of basement reservoir of Kunbei fault terrace belt in southwestern Qaidam Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(4):434-435.
[14]高先志,孙蕾,汪立群,等.柴西南昆北断阶带油气运移特点.地球学报,2014,35(1):93-100.GAO X Z,SUN L,WANG L Q,et al. Migration of petroleum in Kunbei faulted terrace of Qaidam Basin. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2014,35(1):93-100.
[15]黄丽梅,李建明,马达德,等.柴西南昆北地区花岗岩基岩地球化学特征及成因.石油天然气学报,2012,34(4):57-60.HUANG L M,LI J M,MA D D,et al. Geochemical characteristics of granite matrix in Kunbei area of southwestern Qaidam Basin. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2012,34(4):57-60.
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