送风机用新型锻铝叶片断裂失效分析
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摘要
为解决某火力电厂送风机中的锻铝2A50材质动叶片断裂问题.文中利用故障树分析方法,通过现场取样、制造和运行数据监测、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检测及断口形貌观察等手段,对叶片断裂原因进行了综合分析.结果表明:1#叶片局部硬度偏低,强度不够,2#叶片端部外表面观察到晶界裂纹,叶片进气侧外表面存在较多颗粒物冲击凹坑,降低了叶片的抗疲劳性能;叶片在旋转离心力长期循环作用下,在进气侧外表面缺陷处过早的形成疲劳裂纹源,导致叶片失效.
Two blades of forced draft fan failed in a thermal power plant.Both blades are made of novel wrought 2 A50 aluminum alloys.Using the fault tree analysis,fracture of blades was studied in terms of engineering,preparation,construction and running through a process of elimination.Besides checking on the scene and collecting data,metal inspections were conducted,such as composition,micro-structure,hardness and fracture morphology.Results showed that the fatigue resistance of the two blades was suffered by low hardness for No.1 blade and intergranluar micro-cracks for No.2 blade,as well as pits on air inlet surface of blades.Under a long time of cyclic centrifugal pull,the fatigue crack prematurely originated on the pits of air inlet surface and propagated until the whole blade fractured.
Two blades of forced draft fan failed in a thermal power plant.Both blades are made of novel wrought 2 A50 aluminum alloys.Using the fault tree analysis,fracture of blades was studied in terms of engineering,preparation,construction and running through a process of elimination.Besides checking on the scene and collecting data,metal inspections were conducted,such as composition,micro-structure,hardness and fracture morphology.Results showed that the fatigue resistance of the two blades was suffered by low hardness for No.1 blade and intergranluar micro-cracks for No.2 blade,as well as pits on air inlet surface of blades.Under a long time of cyclic centrifugal pull,the fatigue crack prematurely originated on the pits of air inlet surface and propagated until the whole blade fractured.
引文
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[2]李勇,唐丽英,卢练响.送风机叶片断裂原因分析[C]//电站金属材料学术年会.成都:中国电机工程学会,2011:427.LI Yong,TANG Liying,LU Lianxiang.Analysis of Fractured Blades from Forced Draft Fan[C]//The Ninth Session of the Conference of Power Metal Materials,Chengdu:CSEE,2011:427.(in Chinese)
[3]王凤祥,王毅,张洪生,等.ASN-2070/900轴流送风机叶片断裂原因分析及处理[J].中国电力,1998,31(6):33.WANG Fengxiang,WANG Yi,ZHANG Hongsheng,et al.Causes Analysis and Handling of Blade Cracking of ASN-2070/900Type Axial Flow Forced Draft Fan[J].Electric Power,1998,31(6):33.(in Chinese)
[4]刘波.亚临界锅炉送风机叶片断裂原因分析[J].吉林电力,2013,41(5):46.LIU Bo.Reason Analysis on Forced Draft Fan Blade Fracture in Subcritical Boiler[J].Jilin Electric Power,2013,41(5):46.(in Chinese)
[5]中国航空材料手册委员会.中国航空材料手册3:铝合金、镁合金、钛合金[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.China Aeronautical Materials Handbook Committee.China Aeronautical Materials Handbook III:Aluminium Alloy,Magnesium Alloy and Titanium Alloy[M].Beijing:China Standard Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[6]YU Z W,XU X L.Failure Investigation on Failed Inducer Blades Used in Locomotive Turbocharger[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2009,16(1):402.
[7]冯砚厅,郑相锋,徐雪霞,等.电站锅炉送风机叶片断裂失效分析及焊接修复[J].焊接技术,2011,40(12):66.FENG Yanting,ZHENG Xiangfeng,XU Xuexia,et al.Fracture Failure Analysis and Welding Repair of Fan Blade of Utility Boiler[J].Welding Technology,2011,40(12):66.(in Chinese)
[8]胡安辉,马康民.某型航空发动机压气机四级转子叶片振动特性分析[J].失效分析与预防,2006,1(4):10.HU Anhui,MA Kangmin.Investigation on Vibration Characteristics of 4th Compressor Blades in an AeroEngine[J].Failure Analysis&Prevention,2006,1(4):10.(in Chinese)
[9]钟群鹏,赵子华.断口学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.ZHONG Qunpeng,ZHAO Zihua.Fractography[M].Beijing:China Higher Education Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[10]林光磊.6063铝合金型材维氏硬度与强度的线性关系[J].轻合金加工技术,2002,30(1):29.LIN Guanglei.Linear Relationship Between Vickershardness and Strength of 6063 Aluminium Alloy Profile[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2002,30(1):29.(in Chinese)
[11]刘淑凤,夏雯,左玉婷,等.7XXX铝合金过烧组织判定方法的比较研究[J].中国体视学与图像分析,2015,20(1):47.LIU Shufeng,XIA Wen,ZUO Yuting,et al.Different Methods to Judge the Overburned Microstructures of the 7XXX Aluminum Alloy[J].Chinese Journal of Stereology and Image Analysis,2015,20(1):47.(in Chinese)
[12]苏雷什S.材料的疲劳[M].2版.北京:国防工业出版社,1999.SURESH S.Fatigue of Materials[M].2nd ed.Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1999.(in Chinese)
[13]许云龙.锅炉暖风器及热风再循环系统的分析应用[J].华北电力技术,2013(8):34.XU Yunlong.Analysis of Hot-air Heater and Hotair Recycle System in Boiler[J].North China Electric Power,2013(8):34.(in Chinese)
[14]刘强.汽轮机低压缸末级叶片水蚀机理分析及司太立合金片更换研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007.LIU Qiang.Analysis of Water Erode Theory and Research on Replacement of Stellite Strip on Turbine Last Stage Blade[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2007.(in Chinese)
[15]李捷,毕艳.铝及铝合金硬质阳极氧化技术的发展[J].表面工程资讯,2007,7(1):642.LI Jie,BI Yan.Development of Hard Anodizing Technology for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys[J].Information of Surface Engineering,2007,7(1):642.(in Chinese)