云南省纳板河流域国家级自然保护区不同生境对外来入侵草本植物分布的影响
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摘要
为探明外来入侵草本植物在不同生境中分布差异及关键影响因素,于2015年对云南省纳板河流域国家级自然保护区内天然林、天然林林缘、橡胶林、橡胶林林缘和农田5种生境共164个1 m2样方的外来入侵草本植物种类和数量进行调查,对比不同生境中外来入侵草本植物物种多样性的差异,运用主成分分析法分析5种生境中主要外来入侵草本植物群落组成及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,5种生境中共发现外来入侵草本植物32种,其中橡胶林林缘和农田中外来入侵草本植物种类最多,达20余种,天然林中外来入侵草本植物最少,仅为6种。单因素方差分析结果表明,不同生境中外来入侵草本植物多样性指数差异显著。多重比较检验结果表明,天然林中外来入侵草本植物的物种丰富度指数、香农-威纳指数、辛普森指数和皮洛均匀度指数分别为0.50、0.15、0.09和0.16,均显著低于其它生境;橡胶林中外来入侵草本植物除均匀度指数外,其余多样性指数均显著高于天然林且显著低于其余3种生境;农田中外来入侵草本植物物种丰富度指数为5.50,显著高于其它生境。主成分分析结果表明,不同生境中外来入侵草本植物群落物种组成不同;本地乔灌木物种数量和海拔是影响外来入侵草本植物在不同生境分布的关键因子。
To identify the variance of the distribution of invasive alien grasses and the influencing factors in different habitats, 164 subplots(1 m~2) were investigated across five habitats, including natural forest, border of natural forest, rubber tree forest, border of rubber tree forest and farm, in Naban River Basin National Nature Reserve in 2015. Thirty-two invasive alien species were found in the five habitats, and more than 20 grasses were distributed on the border of rubber tree forest and farms. In contrast,only six species were found in natural forests. One-way ANOVA analysis results showed significant variance of diversity index among the five habitats. Based on least-significant difference analysis, species richness index(0.50), Shannon-Winner index(0.15), Simpson index(0.09) and Pielou evenness index(0.16) in natural forests were significantly lower than those in other habitats. Except for the eveness, the other indexes of invasive alien grasses in rubber forests were also significantly different from those in other habitats. The richness index of invasive alien grasses(5.50) in the farm was obviously higher than that in other habitats. The results of canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that the species composition of invasive alien grasses were also different in the five habitats. CCA analysis implied that the distribution of invasive alien grasses was influenced by native tree and shrub richness and altitude.
To identify the variance of the distribution of invasive alien grasses and the influencing factors in different habitats, 164 subplots(1 m~2) were investigated across five habitats, including natural forest, border of natural forest, rubber tree forest, border of rubber tree forest and farm, in Naban River Basin National Nature Reserve in 2015. Thirty-two invasive alien species were found in the five habitats, and more than 20 grasses were distributed on the border of rubber tree forest and farms. In contrast,only six species were found in natural forests. One-way ANOVA analysis results showed significant variance of diversity index among the five habitats. Based on least-significant difference analysis, species richness index(0.50), Shannon-Winner index(0.15), Simpson index(0.09) and Pielou evenness index(0.16) in natural forests were significantly lower than those in other habitats. Except for the eveness, the other indexes of invasive alien grasses in rubber forests were also significantly different from those in other habitats. The richness index of invasive alien grasses(5.50) in the farm was obviously higher than that in other habitats. The results of canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that the species composition of invasive alien grasses were also different in the five habitats. CCA analysis implied that the distribution of invasive alien grasses was influenced by native tree and shrub richness and altitude.
引文
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ChytryM,Jaro?ík V,Py?ek P,Hájek O,KnollováI,TichyL,Danihelka J.2008.Separating habitat invisibility by alien plants from the actual level of invasion.Ecology,89(6):1541-1553
de Ferrari CM,Naiman RJ.1994.A multi-scale assessment of the occurrence of exotic plants on the Olympic Peninsula,Washington.Journal of Vegetation Science,5(2):247-258
de Poorter M,Pagad S,Ullah MI.2007.Invasive alien species and protected areas:a scoping report part I.http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/GISP/Resources/IAS_ProtectedAreas_ScopingI.pdf.2017-12-10
Durand LZ,Goldstein G.2001.Photosynthesis,photoinhibition,and nitrogen use efficiency in native and invasive tree ferns in Hawaii.Oecologia,126(3):345-354
Evans DM,Turley NE,Levey DJ,Tewksbury JJ.2012.Habitat patch shape,not corridors,determines herbivory and fruit production of an annual plant.Ecology,93(5):1016-1025
Fang JY,Shen ZH,Tang ZY,Wang ZH.2004.The protocol for the survey plan for plant species diversity of China’s mountains.Biodiversity Science,12(1):5-9(in Chinese)[方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,王志恒.2004.“中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划”及若干技术规范.生物多样性,12(1):5-9]
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Fu DG,Yan K,Li B,Han JB,Hou XL,Duan CQ.2010.Distribution pattern and related habitat factors of invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum along the roadsides in central Yunnan Province,China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,29(3):566-571(in Chinese)[付登高,阎凯,李博,韩金保,侯秀丽,段昌群.2010.滇中地区公路沿线紫茎泽兰的分布格局及其生境因子.生态学杂志,29(3):566-571]
Genovesi P,Monaco A.2014.Guidelines for addressing invasive species in protected areas.//Foxcroft LC,Py?ek P,Richardson DM,Genovesi P.Plant invasions in protected areas:patterns,problems and challenges.Dordrecht:Springer,pp.487-506
Gong L,Li JS,Liu XY,Zhao XJ,Zhao CY.2017.Analysis of invasive alien species in Chinese national nature reserves.Ecology Science,36(4):210-216(in Chinese)[宫璐,李俊生,柳晓燕,赵相健,赵彩云.2017.我国部分国家级自然保护区外来入侵物种的分布概况.生态科学,36(4):210-216]
Hertling UM,Lubke RA.2000.Assessing the potential for biological invasion:the case Ammophlia arenaria in the South Africa.South African Journal of Science,96(9):520-527
Leverington F,Costa KL,Pavese H,Lisle A,Hockings M.2010.Aglobal analysis of protected area management effectiveness.Environmental Management,46(5):685-698
Liu F,Tao GD,Wang DS.2008.Investigation on the alien invasive plants in Nabanhe Nature Reserve and precautionary measures.Forest Inventory and Planning,33(6):112-117(in Chinese)[刘峰,陶国达,王东升.2008.纳板河自然保护区外来入侵植物状况调查及防范对策.林业调查规划,33(6):112-117]
Loope LL.1992.An overview of problems with introduced plant species in national parks and biosphere reserves of the United States.//Stone CP,Smith CW,Tunison JT.Alien plants invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii:management and research.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,pp.3-28
Ma JS,Li HR.2018.The checklist of the alien invasive plants in China.Beijing:Higher Education Press(in Chinese)[马金双,李惠茹.中国外来入侵植物名录.2018.北京:高等教育出版社]
Mcdougall KL,Khuroo AA,Loope LL,Parks CG,Pauchard A,Reshi ZA,Rushworth I,Kueffer C.2011.Plant invasions in mountains:global lessons for better management.Mountain Research and Development,31(4):380-387
Mortensen DA,Rauschert ESJ,Nord AN,Jones BP.2009.Forest roads facilitate the spread of invasive plants.Invasive Plant Science and Management,2(3):191-199
Myers N,Mittermeier RA,Mittermeier CG,da Fonseca GAB,Kent J.2000.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.Nature,403:853-858
Nelson CR,Halpern CB,Agee JK.2008.Thinningand burning result in low-level invasion by nonnative plants but neutral effects on natives.Ecological Applications,18(3):762-770
Schramm J.2008.Historical legacies,competition and dispersal control patterns of invasion by a non-native grass,Microstegium vimineum.Ph.D Thesis.New Brunswick:Rutgers University
Song XL,Cao F,He YH,Qiang S,Qin WH,Jiang MK.2009.A survey of invasive alien plant species in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,26(4):538-543(in Chinese)[宋小玲,曹飞,何云核,强胜,秦卫华,蒋明康.2009.广东省鼎湖山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物调查.浙江林学院学报,26(4):538-543]
Usher MB.1988.Invasions of nature reserves:a search for generalizations.Biological Conservation,44(1/2):119-135
Wei W,Hou YP,Peng SL,Chen PD,Liang XP,Zhang J.2017.Effects of light intensity on growth and biomass allocation of invasion plants Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(18):6021-6028(in Chinese)[魏巍,侯玉平,彭少麟,陈鹏东,梁希平,张静.2017.不同光照强度对入侵植物薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)和飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)生长及生物量分配的影响.生态学报,37(18):6021-6028]
Wu XW,Luo J,Chen JK,Li B.2006.Spatial patterns of invasive alien plants in China and its relationship with environmental and anthropological factors.Journal of Plant Ecology,30(4):576-584(in Chinese)[吴晓雯,罗晶,陈家宽,李博.2006.中国外来入侵植物的分布格局及其与环境因子和人类活动的关系.植物生态学报,30(4):576-584]
Xu WG,Qin WH,Liu XM,Xia X,Zhou DQ,Fan LN,Jiang MK.2015.Status quo of distribution of human activities in the national nature reserves.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,31(6):802-807(in Chinese)[徐网谷,秦卫华,刘晓曼,夏欣,周大庆,范鲁宁,蒋明康.2015.中国国家级自然保护区人类活动分布现状.生态与农村环境学报,31(6):802-807]
Xue DY,Peng Y,Hu T.2012.Bioinvasion regulatory system in China.Environmental Protection,(1):60-62(in Chinese)[薛达元,彭羽,胡涛.2012.中国生物入侵管理体制探讨.环境保护,(1):60-62]
Yuan S,Zheng JM,Liu YH,Liu ZH.2013.Comparison of exotic plants’distribution among different habitats in northern subtropical region in China.Journal of Central South University of Forest&Technology,33(7):25-30(in Chinese)[袁帅,郑景明,刘艳红,刘忠华.2013.北亚热带地区不同生境外来植物分布比较.中南林业科技大学学报,33(7):25-30]
Zhang YY,Feng JC,Sang WG,Xue DY.2012.Distribution of invasive plant species in relation to environmental and anthropogenic factors in five nature reserves in northern China.Journal of Resources and Ecology,3(3):278-283
Zheng JM,Xu M,Sun Y,Wan HL,Liang TJ.2011.Comparison of roadside alien plant composition inside and outside Lushan Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,33(3):51-56(in Chinese)[郑景明,徐满,孙燕,万慧霖,梁同军.2011.庐山自然保护区内外公路路缘外来植物组成对比.北京林业大学学报,33(3):51-56]
Zhou T,Peng SL,Lin ZG.2009.Edge effect of road in Dinghushan forests.Chinese Journal of Ecology,28(3):433-437(in Chinese)[周婷,彭少麟,林真光.2009.鼎湖山森林道路边缘效应.生态学杂志,28(3):433-437]
Alexander JM,Kueffer C,Daehler CC,Edwards PJ,Pauchard A,Seipel T,Consortium M.2011.Assembly of nonnative floras along evelational gradients explained by directional ecological filtering.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,108(2):656-661
ChytryM,Jaro?ík V,Py?ek P,Hájek O,KnollováI,TichyL,Danihelka J.2008.Separating habitat invisibility by alien plants from the actual level of invasion.Ecology,89(6):1541-1553
de Ferrari CM,Naiman RJ.1994.A multi-scale assessment of the occurrence of exotic plants on the Olympic Peninsula,Washington.Journal of Vegetation Science,5(2):247-258
de Poorter M,Pagad S,Ullah MI.2007.Invasive alien species and protected areas:a scoping report part I.http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/GISP/Resources/IAS_ProtectedAreas_ScopingI.pdf.2017-12-10
Durand LZ,Goldstein G.2001.Photosynthesis,photoinhibition,and nitrogen use efficiency in native and invasive tree ferns in Hawaii.Oecologia,126(3):345-354
Evans DM,Turley NE,Levey DJ,Tewksbury JJ.2012.Habitat patch shape,not corridors,determines herbivory and fruit production of an annual plant.Ecology,93(5):1016-1025
Fang JY,Shen ZH,Tang ZY,Wang ZH.2004.The protocol for the survey plan for plant species diversity of China’s mountains.Biodiversity Science,12(1):5-9(in Chinese)[方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,王志恒.2004.“中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划”及若干技术规范.生物多样性,12(1):5-9]
Foxcroft LC,Py?ek P,Richardson D,Genovesi P,MacFadyen S.2017.Plant invasion science in protected areas:progress and priorities.Biological Invasions,19(5):32-58
Fu DG,Yan K,Li B,Han JB,Hou XL,Duan CQ.2010.Distribution pattern and related habitat factors of invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum along the roadsides in central Yunnan Province,China.Chinese Journal of Ecology,29(3):566-571(in Chinese)[付登高,阎凯,李博,韩金保,侯秀丽,段昌群.2010.滇中地区公路沿线紫茎泽兰的分布格局及其生境因子.生态学杂志,29(3):566-571]
Genovesi P,Monaco A.2014.Guidelines for addressing invasive species in protected areas.//Foxcroft LC,Py?ek P,Richardson DM,Genovesi P.Plant invasions in protected areas:patterns,problems and challenges.Dordrecht:Springer,pp.487-506
Gong L,Li JS,Liu XY,Zhao XJ,Zhao CY.2017.Analysis of invasive alien species in Chinese national nature reserves.Ecology Science,36(4):210-216(in Chinese)[宫璐,李俊生,柳晓燕,赵相健,赵彩云.2017.我国部分国家级自然保护区外来入侵物种的分布概况.生态科学,36(4):210-216]
Hertling UM,Lubke RA.2000.Assessing the potential for biological invasion:the case Ammophlia arenaria in the South Africa.South African Journal of Science,96(9):520-527
Leverington F,Costa KL,Pavese H,Lisle A,Hockings M.2010.Aglobal analysis of protected area management effectiveness.Environmental Management,46(5):685-698
Liu F,Tao GD,Wang DS.2008.Investigation on the alien invasive plants in Nabanhe Nature Reserve and precautionary measures.Forest Inventory and Planning,33(6):112-117(in Chinese)[刘峰,陶国达,王东升.2008.纳板河自然保护区外来入侵植物状况调查及防范对策.林业调查规划,33(6):112-117]
Loope LL.1992.An overview of problems with introduced plant species in national parks and biosphere reserves of the United States.//Stone CP,Smith CW,Tunison JT.Alien plants invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii:management and research.Honolulu:University of Hawaii Press,pp.3-28
Ma JS,Li HR.2018.The checklist of the alien invasive plants in China.Beijing:Higher Education Press(in Chinese)[马金双,李惠茹.中国外来入侵植物名录.2018.北京:高等教育出版社]
Mcdougall KL,Khuroo AA,Loope LL,Parks CG,Pauchard A,Reshi ZA,Rushworth I,Kueffer C.2011.Plant invasions in mountains:global lessons for better management.Mountain Research and Development,31(4):380-387
Mortensen DA,Rauschert ESJ,Nord AN,Jones BP.2009.Forest roads facilitate the spread of invasive plants.Invasive Plant Science and Management,2(3):191-199
Myers N,Mittermeier RA,Mittermeier CG,da Fonseca GAB,Kent J.2000.Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.Nature,403:853-858
Nelson CR,Halpern CB,Agee JK.2008.Thinningand burning result in low-level invasion by nonnative plants but neutral effects on natives.Ecological Applications,18(3):762-770
Schramm J.2008.Historical legacies,competition and dispersal control patterns of invasion by a non-native grass,Microstegium vimineum.Ph.D Thesis.New Brunswick:Rutgers University
Song XL,Cao F,He YH,Qiang S,Qin WH,Jiang MK.2009.A survey of invasive alien plant species in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,26(4):538-543(in Chinese)[宋小玲,曹飞,何云核,强胜,秦卫华,蒋明康.2009.广东省鼎湖山国家级自然保护区外来入侵植物调查.浙江林学院学报,26(4):538-543]
Usher MB.1988.Invasions of nature reserves:a search for generalizations.Biological Conservation,44(1/2):119-135
Wei W,Hou YP,Peng SL,Chen PD,Liang XP,Zhang J.2017.Effects of light intensity on growth and biomass allocation of invasion plants Mikania micrantha and Chromolaena odorata.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(18):6021-6028(in Chinese)[魏巍,侯玉平,彭少麟,陈鹏东,梁希平,张静.2017.不同光照强度对入侵植物薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)和飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)生长及生物量分配的影响.生态学报,37(18):6021-6028]
Wu XW,Luo J,Chen JK,Li B.2006.Spatial patterns of invasive alien plants in China and its relationship with environmental and anthropological factors.Journal of Plant Ecology,30(4):576-584(in Chinese)[吴晓雯,罗晶,陈家宽,李博.2006.中国外来入侵植物的分布格局及其与环境因子和人类活动的关系.植物生态学报,30(4):576-584]
Xu WG,Qin WH,Liu XM,Xia X,Zhou DQ,Fan LN,Jiang MK.2015.Status quo of distribution of human activities in the national nature reserves.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,31(6):802-807(in Chinese)[徐网谷,秦卫华,刘晓曼,夏欣,周大庆,范鲁宁,蒋明康.2015.中国国家级自然保护区人类活动分布现状.生态与农村环境学报,31(6):802-807]
Xue DY,Peng Y,Hu T.2012.Bioinvasion regulatory system in China.Environmental Protection,(1):60-62(in Chinese)[薛达元,彭羽,胡涛.2012.中国生物入侵管理体制探讨.环境保护,(1):60-62]
Yuan S,Zheng JM,Liu YH,Liu ZH.2013.Comparison of exotic plants’distribution among different habitats in northern subtropical region in China.Journal of Central South University of Forest&Technology,33(7):25-30(in Chinese)[袁帅,郑景明,刘艳红,刘忠华.2013.北亚热带地区不同生境外来植物分布比较.中南林业科技大学学报,33(7):25-30]
Zhang YY,Feng JC,Sang WG,Xue DY.2012.Distribution of invasive plant species in relation to environmental and anthropogenic factors in five nature reserves in northern China.Journal of Resources and Ecology,3(3):278-283
Zheng JM,Xu M,Sun Y,Wan HL,Liang TJ.2011.Comparison of roadside alien plant composition inside and outside Lushan Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province.Journal of Beijing Forestry University,33(3):51-56(in Chinese)[郑景明,徐满,孙燕,万慧霖,梁同军.2011.庐山自然保护区内外公路路缘外来植物组成对比.北京林业大学学报,33(3):51-56]
Zhou T,Peng SL,Lin ZG.2009.Edge effect of road in Dinghushan forests.Chinese Journal of Ecology,28(3):433-437(in Chinese)[周婷,彭少麟,林真光.2009.鼎湖山森林道路边缘效应.生态学杂志,28(3):433-437]