水肥一体化条件下施氮量对小麦冠层光截获特性和产量的影响
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摘要
以济麦22为材料进行田间试验,设置0(N0)、150(N1)、180(N2)、210(N3)、240(N4)kg·hm-25个施氮量处理,在测墒补灌的基础上利用微喷带实现水肥一体化灌溉施肥,研究水肥一体化条件下施氮量对小麦冠层光截获特性和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)N3处理拔节后群体总茎数和开花后叶面积指数均显著高于N0、N1和N2处理,N3与N4处理之间无显著差异。(2)开花后N3处理植株中上层和冠层总光合有效辐射截获量、截获率及消光系数均显著高于N0、N1和N2处理;N3处理小麦植株冠层各层次光合有效辐射透射率和总反射率显著低于N0、N1和N2处理,N3与N4处理之间无显著差异。(3)N3处理籽粒产量显著高于N0、N1和N2处理,与N4处理无显著差异,氮肥农学效率和收获指数显著高于N4处理。表明,施氮量210kg·hm-2是本试验条件下高产高效的最优处理。
Taking winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as experiment material,a field experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of nitrogen application rate on the photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) interception of canopy and yield of wheat under the integration of water and fertilizer.Five nitrogen treatments were designed at 0(N0),150(N1),180(N2),210(N3) and 240(N4) kg·hm-2,respectively,and the micro-sprinkling hoses were used to realize the integration of irrigation and fertilization based on soil moisture measuring.The results were as follows.(1) There was no significant difference in the total stem number after jointing stage and the leaf area index between N3 and N4,which was significantly higher than N0,N1 and N2 treatments.(2) The intercepted PAR and PAR capture ratio at upper and middle layers and the extinction coefficient in wheat canopy after anthesis of treatment N3 were significantly higher than those of N0,N1 and N2;the PAR penetration ratio in different layers and the total PAR reflection ratio after anthesis of treatment N3 were significantly lower than those of N0,N1 and N2,and no significant difference between N3 and N4 treatments.(3) The grain yield of N3 was significantly higher than those of N0,N1 and N2 treatments.N3 showed no more grain yield but significantly higher nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and harvest index than N4 treatment.In conclusion,210 kg·hm-2 was the best nitrogen application level with both high yield and high efficiency under the present experimental conditions.
Taking winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as experiment material,a field experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of nitrogen application rate on the photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) interception of canopy and yield of wheat under the integration of water and fertilizer.Five nitrogen treatments were designed at 0(N0),150(N1),180(N2),210(N3) and 240(N4) kg·hm-2,respectively,and the micro-sprinkling hoses were used to realize the integration of irrigation and fertilization based on soil moisture measuring.The results were as follows.(1) There was no significant difference in the total stem number after jointing stage and the leaf area index between N3 and N4,which was significantly higher than N0,N1 and N2 treatments.(2) The intercepted PAR and PAR capture ratio at upper and middle layers and the extinction coefficient in wheat canopy after anthesis of treatment N3 were significantly higher than those of N0,N1 and N2;the PAR penetration ratio in different layers and the total PAR reflection ratio after anthesis of treatment N3 were significantly lower than those of N0,N1 and N2,and no significant difference between N3 and N4 treatments.(3) The grain yield of N3 was significantly higher than those of N0,N1 and N2 treatments.N3 showed no more grain yield but significantly higher nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and harvest index than N4 treatment.In conclusion,210 kg·hm-2 was the best nitrogen application level with both high yield and high efficiency under the present experimental conditions.
引文
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[14]Salvagiotti F,Miralles I D J.Radiation interception,biomass production and grain yield as affected by the interaction of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization in wheat[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2008,28(3):282-290.
[15]冯素伟,丁位华,胡铁柱,等.播量与追氮量对BNS型杂交小麦灌浆期冠层结构及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1174-1180.
[16]崔晓朋,张喜英,孙宏勇,等.水氮管理及品种对冬小麦光能利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1236-1243.
[17]Abedi T,Alemzadeh A,Kazemeyni S A.Wheat yield and grain protein response to nitrogen amount and timing[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2011,5(3):330-336.
[18]苏丙华,徐炜,张娟,等.施氮量对超高产小麦品种济麦22号产量和氮素利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(8):78-80.
[19]Mon J,Bronson K F,Hunsaker D J,et al.Interactive effects of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on grain yield,canopy temperature,and nitrogen use efficiency in overhead sprinkler-irrigated durum wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2016,191:54-65.
[2]李延亮,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.施氮量对晋南旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及氮素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(4):704-711.
[3]李瑞奇,李雁鸣,何建兴,等,施氮量对冬小麦氮素利用和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2011,31(2):270-275.
[4]张珂珂,周苏玫,张嫚,等.减氮补水对小麦高产群体光合性能及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):863-872.
[5]Fletcher A L,Johnstone P R,Chakwizira E,et al.Radiation capture and radiation use efficiency in response to N supply for crop species with contrasting canopies[J].Field Crops Research,2013,150:126-134.
[6]Zhang Y,Zhang Y,Wang Z,et al.Characteristics of canopy structure and contributions of non-leaf organs to yield in winter wheat under different irrigated conditions[J].Field Crops Research,2011,123(3):187-195.
[7]李国强,汤亮,张文宇,等.施氮量对不同株型小麦品种叶型垂直分布特征的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(1):127-137.
[8]Papanikolaou C,Sakellariou-Makrantonaki M.The effect of an intelligent surface drip irrigation method on sorghum biomass,energy and water savings[J].Irrigation Science,2013(31):807-814.
[9]崔帅,王红光,李东晓,等.限水减氮对高产麦田群体动态和产量形成的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1060-1068.
[10]殷文,冯福学,赵财,等.小麦秸秆还田方式对轮作玉米干物质累积分配及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(5):751-757.
[11]Rathore V S,Nathawat N S,Bhardwaj S,et al.Yield,water and nitrogen use efficiencies of sprinkler irrigated wheat grown under different irrigation and nitrogen levels in an arid region[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,187:232-245.
[12]房琴,王红光,马伯威,等.密度和施氮量对超高产冬小麦群体质量和产量形成的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(3):364-371.
[13]Wang C Y,Liu W X,Li Q X,et al.Effects of different irrigation and nitrogen regimes on root growth and its correlation with above-ground plant parts in high-yielding wheat under field conditions[J].Field Crops Research,2014,165:138-149.
[14]Salvagiotti F,Miralles I D J.Radiation interception,biomass production and grain yield as affected by the interaction of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization in wheat[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2008,28(3):282-290.
[15]冯素伟,丁位华,胡铁柱,等.播量与追氮量对BNS型杂交小麦灌浆期冠层结构及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1174-1180.
[16]崔晓朋,张喜英,孙宏勇,等.水氮管理及品种对冬小麦光能利用率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(10):1236-1243.
[17]Abedi T,Alemzadeh A,Kazemeyni S A.Wheat yield and grain protein response to nitrogen amount and timing[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2011,5(3):330-336.
[18]苏丙华,徐炜,张娟,等.施氮量对超高产小麦品种济麦22号产量和氮素利用效率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(8):78-80.
[19]Mon J,Bronson K F,Hunsaker D J,et al.Interactive effects of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation on grain yield,canopy temperature,and nitrogen use efficiency in overhead sprinkler-irrigated durum wheat[J].Field Crops Research,2016,191:54-65.