2016年达拉特旗淤地坝水毁原因及拦沙效果
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摘要
为核查淤地坝水毁原因及对入黄泥沙的影响,基于西柳沟和罕台川小流域19座淤地坝决口现场调查资料,分析得出2016年"8·17"暴雨降雨过程和入黄水沙的特征。针对淤地坝结构和运行特点,结合现场对淤地坝水毁情况尤其是决口部位冲蚀形态的详细查勘,从降雨以及淤地坝规划、设计、施工、管理等方面分析了淤地坝水毁原因,定性给出了淤地坝决口形式及拦沙效果。提出优化坝系布局和建设标准,改进放水建筑物结构并强化施工质量管理,重视预警预报等非工程措施建设等建议。
To examine the damage causes of warping dams and their impacts on sediment delivery into the Yellow River, the characteristics of the rainstorm process at August 17 and the inflow of water-sediment into the Yellow River were obtained based on the field investigation results of 19 warping dam breaches and the data of hydrological stations and rainfall stations in Xiliugou and Hantaichuan watersheds. According to the structure and operation characteristics of the warping dams, combined with the detailed investigation of the flood-induced damage situation, especially the erosion form at the break sites, the causes of flood-induced damage were analyzed from the aspects of rainfall, planning, design, construction and operation management of the warping dams. The break modes and sand-blocking effects of the warping dams were qualitatively presented. Suggestions are proposed, including optimizing dam-system layout and construction standard, improving the structure of drainage structures, strengthening construction quality management, and paying attention to non-engineering measures such as early warning and prediction.
To examine the damage causes of warping dams and their impacts on sediment delivery into the Yellow River, the characteristics of the rainstorm process at August 17 and the inflow of water-sediment into the Yellow River were obtained based on the field investigation results of 19 warping dam breaches and the data of hydrological stations and rainfall stations in Xiliugou and Hantaichuan watersheds. According to the structure and operation characteristics of the warping dams, combined with the detailed investigation of the flood-induced damage situation, especially the erosion form at the break sites, the causes of flood-induced damage were analyzed from the aspects of rainfall, planning, design, construction and operation management of the warping dams. The break modes and sand-blocking effects of the warping dams were qualitatively presented. Suggestions are proposed, including optimizing dam-system layout and construction standard, improving the structure of drainage structures, strengthening construction quality management, and paying attention to non-engineering measures such as early warning and prediction.
引文
[1]秦鸿儒,刘正杰,陈江南.黄土高原地区淤地坝运行管理调查研究[J].人民黄河,2004(7):25-27.(QINHongru,LIU Zhengjie,CHEN Jiangnan.Investigation on operation management of Warping Dam in Loess Plateau Area[J].Yellow River,2004(7):25-27.(in Chinese))
[2]康玲玲,董飞飞,王云璋,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持措施蓄水拦沙指标体系探讨[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(2):30-33.(KANG Lingling,DONG Feifei,WANG Yunzhang,et al.Discussion on index system of water storage and silt detention for soil and water conservation in gullied hilly loess region[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2006,26(2):30-33.(in Chinese))
[3]韩玉峰.利用蓄水设施开发淤地坝水资源初探[J].水利经济,2004,22(6):32-34.(HAN Yufeng.Application of sluice facilities to development of water resources in silt dam areas[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2004,22(6):32-34.(in Chinese))
[4]左仲国,董增川,王好芳.淤地坝系水资源系统分析模型研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(4):81-83.(ZUO Zhongguo,DONG Zengchuan,WANGHaofang.A study on system analysis model for water resources of warping dam system[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2001,29(4):81-83.(in Chinese))
[5]王保清,卫三平,张淑珍.从吕梁“9·19”特大暴雨洪水看淤地坝的防洪减灾作用[J].中国水土保持,2011(7):22-24.(WANG Baoqing,WEI Sanping,ZHANGShuzhen.The flood control and disaster reduction function of Warping Dam from the“9·19”rainstorm flood in Lüliang[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2011(7):22-24.(in Chinese))
[6]李保如,陈升辉,孟庆枚.黄河中游1977年暴雨后小型库坝工程情况的调查[J].人民黄河,1979(1):18-26.(LI Baoru,CHEN Shenghui,MENG Qingmei.Investigation of small dam project after rainstorm in middle reaches of the Yellow River in 1977[J].Yellow River,1979(1):18-26.(in Chinese))
[7]王允升,王英顺.黄河中游地区1994年暴雨洪水淤地坝水毁情况和拦淤作用调查[J].中国水土保持,1995(8):23-262.(WANG Yunsheng,WANG Yingshun.Investigation on flood damage and warpinging of warping dams in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in 1994[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1995(8):23-26.(in Chinese))
[8]秦鸿儒,孙浩,刘正杰.2013年暴雨过程中黄土高原淤地坝受损原因分析及建议[J].中国水土保持,2014(3):22-24.(QIN Hongru,SUN Hao,LIU Zhengjie.Cause analysis and suggestions for damage of warping dams on Loess Plateau during 2013 rainstorm[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2014(3):22-24.(in Chinese))
[9]王楠,陈一先,白雷超,等.陕北子洲县“7·26”特大暴雨引发的小流域土壤侵蚀调查[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(4):338-344.(WANG Nan,CHEN Yixian,BAILeichao,et al.Investigation on soil erosion in small watersheds under“7·26”extreme rainstorm in Zizhou County,Northern Shaanxi Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(4):338-344.(in Chinese))
[10]刘晓燕,高云飞,马三保,等.黄土高原淤地坝的减沙作用及其时效性[J].水利学报,2018,49(2):145-155.(LIU Xiaoyan,GAO Yunfei,MA Sanbao,et al.Sediment reduction of warping dams and its timeliness in the loess plateau[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,49(2):145-155.(in Chinese))
[11]方学敏.坝系相对稳定的标准和条件[J].中国水土保持,1995(11):29-32.(FANG Xuemin.Criteria and conditions for relative stability of the warping dam system[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1995(11):29-32.(in Chinese))
[12]沈珠江.关于修建漏水水库的建议[J].中国水利,2002(3):6-7.(SHEN Zhujiang.Suggestion on construction leaking reservoirs[J].China Water Resources,2002(3):6-7.(in Chinese))
[13]王浩,杨方社,李怀恩,等.沙棘柔性坝对砒砂岩沟道泥沙粒径分布及有机质影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):158-163.(WANG Hao,YANG Fangshe,LIHuaien,et al.Effects of seabuckthorn flexible dam on sediment particle size distribution and organic matter in the soft sandstone Gully[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(5):158-163.(in Chinese))
[2]康玲玲,董飞飞,王云璋,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持措施蓄水拦沙指标体系探讨[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(2):30-33.(KANG Lingling,DONG Feifei,WANG Yunzhang,et al.Discussion on index system of water storage and silt detention for soil and water conservation in gullied hilly loess region[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2006,26(2):30-33.(in Chinese))
[3]韩玉峰.利用蓄水设施开发淤地坝水资源初探[J].水利经济,2004,22(6):32-34.(HAN Yufeng.Application of sluice facilities to development of water resources in silt dam areas[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2004,22(6):32-34.(in Chinese))
[4]左仲国,董增川,王好芳.淤地坝系水资源系统分析模型研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(4):81-83.(ZUO Zhongguo,DONG Zengchuan,WANGHaofang.A study on system analysis model for water resources of warping dam system[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2001,29(4):81-83.(in Chinese))
[5]王保清,卫三平,张淑珍.从吕梁“9·19”特大暴雨洪水看淤地坝的防洪减灾作用[J].中国水土保持,2011(7):22-24.(WANG Baoqing,WEI Sanping,ZHANGShuzhen.The flood control and disaster reduction function of Warping Dam from the“9·19”rainstorm flood in Lüliang[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2011(7):22-24.(in Chinese))
[6]李保如,陈升辉,孟庆枚.黄河中游1977年暴雨后小型库坝工程情况的调查[J].人民黄河,1979(1):18-26.(LI Baoru,CHEN Shenghui,MENG Qingmei.Investigation of small dam project after rainstorm in middle reaches of the Yellow River in 1977[J].Yellow River,1979(1):18-26.(in Chinese))
[7]王允升,王英顺.黄河中游地区1994年暴雨洪水淤地坝水毁情况和拦淤作用调查[J].中国水土保持,1995(8):23-262.(WANG Yunsheng,WANG Yingshun.Investigation on flood damage and warpinging of warping dams in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in 1994[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1995(8):23-26.(in Chinese))
[8]秦鸿儒,孙浩,刘正杰.2013年暴雨过程中黄土高原淤地坝受损原因分析及建议[J].中国水土保持,2014(3):22-24.(QIN Hongru,SUN Hao,LIU Zhengjie.Cause analysis and suggestions for damage of warping dams on Loess Plateau during 2013 rainstorm[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2014(3):22-24.(in Chinese))
[9]王楠,陈一先,白雷超,等.陕北子洲县“7·26”特大暴雨引发的小流域土壤侵蚀调查[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(4):338-344.(WANG Nan,CHEN Yixian,BAILeichao,et al.Investigation on soil erosion in small watersheds under“7·26”extreme rainstorm in Zizhou County,Northern Shaanxi Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(4):338-344.(in Chinese))
[10]刘晓燕,高云飞,马三保,等.黄土高原淤地坝的减沙作用及其时效性[J].水利学报,2018,49(2):145-155.(LIU Xiaoyan,GAO Yunfei,MA Sanbao,et al.Sediment reduction of warping dams and its timeliness in the loess plateau[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,49(2):145-155.(in Chinese))
[11]方学敏.坝系相对稳定的标准和条件[J].中国水土保持,1995(11):29-32.(FANG Xuemin.Criteria and conditions for relative stability of the warping dam system[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,1995(11):29-32.(in Chinese))
[12]沈珠江.关于修建漏水水库的建议[J].中国水利,2002(3):6-7.(SHEN Zhujiang.Suggestion on construction leaking reservoirs[J].China Water Resources,2002(3):6-7.(in Chinese))
[13]王浩,杨方社,李怀恩,等.沙棘柔性坝对砒砂岩沟道泥沙粒径分布及有机质影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):158-163.(WANG Hao,YANG Fangshe,LIHuaien,et al.Effects of seabuckthorn flexible dam on sediment particle size distribution and organic matter in the soft sandstone Gully[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(5):158-163.(in Chinese))