少子化问题的亚洲特征——日本与欧美比较的视角
|
摘要
日本的少子化对策的设计、实施一直是以欧美国家的少子化政策为基础范式,其前提是欧美国家的社会习俗和价值观,忽略了日本社会的固有价值观,因此难有成效。在思考日本的少子化问题时,有必要顾及两方面:一是婚姻是一种经济活动的观念,强调的不是婚姻由恋爱发展而来,而是婚姻开启了一种新的经济生活;二是日本人"注重体面"、希望过一种体面的婚姻生活,特别是"不让孩子在经济上感到痛苦"的观念根深蒂固。日本人如果预想到将来子女生活的环境不如自己好,就不会考虑结婚生子。这种观念与包括中国在内的东亚其他国家有相似之处。
Japan's policy design in dealing with the low fertility issue follows the example of the policies of U. S. and European countries,which is based on the social custom and values of western countries and is not suitable for Japan's cultural values. Japan's problem in dealing with low fertility issue is closely linked with two aspects. On one hand,in Japan marriage is usually regarded as a form of economic activities,and getting married refers to the beginning of a stage of economic life rather than an outcome of love. On the other hand,Japanese people would like to have a life of decency after marriage,and in particular ensure their children not suffering economic pressure. If predicting that life of their children would be worse than theirs, they would not get married and have children,which is quite similar with the cases in other Asian countries including China.
Japan's policy design in dealing with the low fertility issue follows the example of the policies of U. S. and European countries,which is based on the social custom and values of western countries and is not suitable for Japan's cultural values. Japan's problem in dealing with low fertility issue is closely linked with two aspects. On one hand,in Japan marriage is usually regarded as a form of economic activities,and getting married refers to the beginning of a stage of economic life rather than an outcome of love. On the other hand,Japanese people would like to have a life of decency after marriage,and in particular ensure their children not suffering economic pressure. If predicting that life of their children would be worse than theirs, they would not get married and have children,which is quite similar with the cases in other Asian countries including China.
引文
(1)总和生育率,即女性一生平均生育子女数。
(1)#12
(2)#12
(3)#12
(1)#12
(2)#12
(3)#12
(1)本文中“体面”一词由日文中的“世間体”一词翻译而来。
(2)日本国立大学法人的标准额度,不同的大学、学部多少有所差异。
(1)仅限于本国学生,相反,留学生学费非常高。
(1)#12
(2)#12
(3)乌尔里希·贝克(1944—2015年),德国著名社会学家,慕尼黑大学和伦敦政治经济学院社会学教授,“风险社会”概念的提出者。
(1)#12
(2)#12
(3)#12
(1)#12
(2)#12
(3)#12
(1)本文中“体面”一词由日文中的“世間体”一词翻译而来。
(2)日本国立大学法人的标准额度,不同的大学、学部多少有所差异。
(1)仅限于本国学生,相反,留学生学费非常高。
(1)#12
(2)#12
(3)乌尔里希·贝克(1944—2015年),德国著名社会学家,慕尼黑大学和伦敦政治经济学院社会学教授,“风险社会”概念的提出者。